Macrocyclic chlorine substituted indole derivatives

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to macrocyclic indole derivatives of general formula (I): 
                         
in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , A and L are as defined herein, methods of preparing said compounds, intermediate compounds useful for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and combinations comprising said compounds, and the use of said compounds for manufacturing pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, in particular of hyperproliferative disorders, as a sole agent or in combination with other active ingredients.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the U.S. national phase of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2018/081388, filed Nov. 15, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/588,063 filed on Nov. 17, 2017. The International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2018/081388 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

SEQUENCE LISTING

The instant application contains a Sequence Listing, which has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on May 3, 2021, is named BRH-02001_SL.txt and is 10,083 bytes in size.

BACKGROUND

The present invention covers macrocyclic indole derivatives of general formula (I) which inhibit the antiapoptotic activity of MCL-1 by inhibiting its interaction with proapototic proteins.

Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is a natural process which allows a damaged or unwanted cell to die in a controlled manner. Deregulation of this process leads to unrestrained cell proliferation and is thus a hallmark of cancer (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011).

Apoptosis is highly controlled by proteins of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family. These proteins are characterized by their conserved regions known as BCL-2 homology (BH) domains (BH1-BH4) (Korsmeyer, 1999) through which they interact with each other. The BCL-2 family can be divided into pro-apoptotic members including BAX, BAK, BAD, BID, BIM, BMF, NOXA, and PUMA, which induce cell death, and anti-apoptotic members such as BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-w, Bfl1-A1, and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) which block apoptosis (Adams and Cory, 2007). The relative expression level of these two opponent groups of the BCL-2 family will decide if a cell will go into apoptosis or not.

MCL-1 has been identified as an important therapeutic target in cancer. MCL-1 is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers, and amplification of the MCL-1 locus is one of the most frequent somatic genetic events in human cancer, further pointing to its centrality in the pathogenesis of malignancy (Beroukhim et al., 2010). Its expression has been linked to deregulated anti-apoptotic pathways in cancer, thus leading to increased cancer cell survival, tumor development (Zhou et al., 2001) and resistance to anticancer therapies (Wertz et al., 2011). MCL-1 protein has been shown to mediate survival in models of acute myeloid leukemia (Glaser et al., 2012), lymphomas (Kelly et al., 2014) and multiple myeloma (Zhang et al., 2002). Many chemotherapeutics as well as radiation aim at inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, in malignant cells, apoptotic signaling is often deregulated, leading to uncontrolled growth and therapeutic resistance. One key resistance mechanism to apoptosis is to upregulate or genetically amplify MCL-1.

MCI-1 is a major inhibitor of apoptosis in cancer. MCL-1 is the largest member of the anti-apoptotic BCI-2 proteins. Its expression is tightly controlled with a half-life of only 1-4 h. With its BH-3 domain, MCL-1 tightly binds to BH-3 only containing pro-apoptotic proteins such as BAK or BAX and hinders them from inducing pores in the mitochondrial membrane, thereby blocking the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.

Thus, the specific inhibition of the interaction of MCL-1 with BH-3 only containing pro-apoptotic proteins like BAK or BAX represents a very attractive therapeutic principle to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and to address resistance against chemotherapeutics, radiation and new targeted agents. However, from WO 2015/148854, US 2016/0106731, WO 2008/130970, some indole derivatives are known as MCL-1 inhibitors. As no inhibitors have shown efficacy in the clinic yet, there is still a need for further MCL-1 inhibitors to be provided.

SUMMARY

It has now been found that the compounds of the present invention effectively inhibit the activity of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family member Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) protein for which data are given in the biological experimental section, especially the efficacy is unexpectedly enhanced. The compounds of the present invention may therefore be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of hyperproliferative disorders, such as cancer disorders.

In accordance with a first aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I):

wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent         or

-   A is

-    wherein optionally one or two of the groups selected from CR¹¹,     CR¹² and CR¹³ are replaced by a nitrogen atom,     -   wherein R⁶ and R¹⁰, together with three carbon atoms of the         phenyl ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; -   R¹ is a chlorine atom; -   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; -   R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or     five substituents and each substituent is independently selected     from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-thioalkyl     group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₃)-haloalkyl-S— group, and a     C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group; -   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- wherein any CH₂ group is unsubstituted or     substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is     independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a     hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or     two substituents are optionally taken together with their     intervening atoms to form a saturated or partially unsaturated     3-6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or a 3-8 membered saturated or     partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms     independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)—     group, a —S(O)₂— group, and a —NR¹⁴— group; -   E is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a     —S(O)₂— group or a —NR¹⁴— group and constitutes the connecting     element to R⁴; -   m is 2, 3, or 4; -   R⁵ is selected from a COOH group, a

-    group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(aryl) group,     a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, and a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(aryl) group; -   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole         carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or         substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a         C₁-C₂-alkyl group; and     -   where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group         -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is             unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents             selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷             group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a             C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a             C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a             (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O—             group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an             aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an             aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a             heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a             heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a             heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a             heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group -   —R⁶—R¹⁰— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the carbon atom         of the phenyl moiety bearing the R¹⁰ substituent,     -   and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or         substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a         C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and     -   where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group         -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is             unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents             selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷             group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a             C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a             C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a             (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O—             group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an             aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an             aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a             heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a             heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a             heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a             heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group; -   n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; -   t is 0 or 1; -   p is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; -   q is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; -   r is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; -   v is 1; -   s is 0, 1, 2, or 3; -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, p, q, r, and v     result in forming a 9- to 16-membered ring independently from the     selection of variable A1, A2 or A3; -   B is independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)—     group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a     —O—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—O— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—,     and —S(O)₂—; -   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from         -   a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a             C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group,         -   a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, and a             NR²⁰R²¹ group; and     -   a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group; -   R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a

-   -    group, and a

-   -    group, where the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted         with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group         and     -   the heterocycloalkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with         an oxo (═O) group or is unsubstituted or substituted with one or         more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a         hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group,

-   or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally     comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from —O— and —NR¹⁴—;

-   R¹¹ and R¹³ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a     halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group;

-   R¹² is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a     C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy     group, and a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group;

-   R¹⁴ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is independently selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group         -   which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more             substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl             group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,             a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a             (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O—             group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O—             group, an (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O— group, and an             (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;     -   a phenyl group,     -   a group

-   -   a group

-   -    and     -   a group

-   -   where $ is the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom, to         which R¹⁵ is attached,

-   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a     C₁-C₆-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group, a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-C(O)— group, a C₁-C₃-alkylS(O)₂— group, and a     C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—C(═O)— group;

-   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹     group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a     (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)—     group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group;

R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and

-   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₆-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions

The term “substituted” means that one or more hydrogen atoms on the designated atom or group are replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valency under the existing circumstances is not exceeded. Combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible.

The term “unsubstituted or substituted” means that the number of substituents can be equal to or different from zero. Unless otherwise indicated, it is possible that substituted groups are substituted with as many optional substituents as can be accommodated by replacing a hydrogen atom with a non-hydrogen substituent on any available carbon or nitrogen atom. Commonly, it is possible for the number of optional substituents, when present, to be 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, in particular 1, 2 or 3.

When groups in the compounds according to the invention are substituted, it is possible for said groups to be mono-substituted or poly-substituted with substituent(s), unless otherwise specified. Within the scope of the present invention, the meanings of all groups which occur repeatedly are independent from one another. It is possible that groups in the compounds according to the invention are substituted with one, two, three, four or five identical or different substituents, particularly with one, two or three substituents.

Oxo, an oxo group or an oxo substituent means a doubly attached oxygen atom ═O. Oxo may be attached to atoms of suitable valency, for example to a saturated carbon atom or to a sulfur atom. For example, but without limitation, one oxo group is can be attached to a carbon atom, resulting in the formation of a carbonyl group C(═O), or two oxo groups are can be attached to one sulfur atom, resulting in the formation of a sulfonyl group —S(═O)₂. The term “ring substituent” means a substituent attached to an aromatic or nonaromatic ring which replaces an available hydrogen atom on the ring.

Should a composite substituent be composed of more than one parts, e.g., (C₁-C₄-alkoxy)-(C₁-C₄-alkyl)-, it is possible for the position of a given part to be at any suitable position of said composite substituent, i.e. the C₁-C₄-alkoxy part can be attached to any carbon atom of the C₁-C₄-alkyl part of said (C₁-C₄-alkoxy)-(C₁-C₄-alkyl)- group. A hyphen at the beginning or at the end of such a composite substituent indicates the point of attachment of said composite substituent to the rest of the molecule. Should a ring, comprising carbon atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms for example, be substituted with a substituent, it is possible for said substituent to be bound at any suitable position of said ring, be it bound to a suitable carbon atom and/or to a suitable heteroatom.

The term “comprising” when used in the specification includes “consisting of” but does not have to be the scope indicated by “consisting of”.

If within the present text any item is referred to as “as mentioned herein”, it means that it may be mentioned anywhere in the present text.

If within the present text any item is referred to as “supra” within the description it indicates any of the respective disclosures made within the specification in any of the preceding pages, or above on the same page.

If within the present text any item is referred to as “infra” within the description it indicates any of the respective disclosures made within the specification in any of the subsequent pages, or below on the same page.

The terms as mentioned in the present text have the following meanings:

The term “halogen atom” means a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, particularly a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom.

The term “C₁-C₈-alkyl-” means a linear or branched, saturated hydrocarbon group having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms, e.g., a methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, iso-propyl-, n-butyl-, iso-butyl-, sec-butyl-, tert-butyl-, n-pentyl-, iso-pentyl-, 2-methylbutyl-, 1-methylbutyl-, 1-ethylpropyl-, 1,2-dimethylpropyl-, neo-pentyl-, 1,1-dimethylpropyl-, n-hexyl-, 4-methylpentyl-, 3-methylpentyl-, 2-methylpentyl-, 1-methylpentyl-, 2-ethylbutyl-, 1-ethylbutyl-, 3,3-dimethylbutyl-, 2,2-dimethylbutyl-, 1,1-dimethylbutyl-, 2,3-dimethylbutyl-, 1,3-dimethylbutyl-, 1,2-dimethylbutyl-, n-heptyl-, 5-methylhexyl-, 4-methylhexyl-, 2-methylhexyl-, 1-methylhexyl-, 2-ethylpentyl-, 1-ethylpentyl-, 3,3-dimethylpentyl-, 2,2-dimethylpentyl-, 1,1-dimethylpentyl-, 2,3-dimethylpentyl-, 1,3-dimethylpentyl-, 1,2-dimethylpentyl-, n-octyl-, 6-methylheptyl-, 4-methylheptyl-, 2-methylheptyl-, 1-methylheptyl-, 2-ethylhexyl-, 1-ethylhexyl-, 3,3-dimethylhexyl-, 2,2-dimethylhexyl-, 1,1-dimethylhexyl-, 2,3-dimethylhexyl-, 1,3-dimethylhexyl-, 1,2-dimethylhexyl- group, or an isomer thereof. Preferably, said group has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms (“C₁-C₆-alkyl-”), e.g., a methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl-, iso-propyl-, n-butyl-, iso-butyl-, sec-butyl-, tert-butyl-, n-pentyl-, iso-pentyl-, 2-methylbutyl-, 1-methylbutyl-, 1-ethylpropyl-, 1,2-dimethylpropyl-, neo-pentyl-, 1,1-dimethylpropyl-, n-hexyl-, 4-methylpentyl-, 3-methylpentyl-, 2-methylpentyl-, 1-methylpentyl-, 2-ethylbutyl-, 1-ethylbutyl-, 3,3-dimethylbutyl-, 2,2-dimethylbutyl-, 1,1-dimethylbutyl-, 2,3-dimethylbutyl-, 1,3-dimethylbutyl- or 1,2-dimethylbutyl group, or an isomer thereof. More preferably, said group has 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms (“C₁-C₄-alkyl-”), e.g., a methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl-, iso-propyl-, n-butyl-, iso-butyl-, sec-butyl- or tert-butyl- group, 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms (“C₁-C₃-alkyl-”), e.g., a methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl- or iso-propyl group, or 1 or 2 carbon atoms (“C₁-C₂-alkyl-”), e.g., a methyl group or an ethyl group.

The same definitions can be applied should the alkyl group be placed within a chain as a bivalent “C₁-C₆-alkylene” moiety. All names as mentioned above then will bear an “ene” added to the end, thus e.g., a “pentyl” becomes a bivalent “pentylene” group. In addition, the term “C₁-C₆-heteroalkyl” refers to a C₁-C₆-alkyl group in which one or more of the carbon atoms have been replaced with an atom selected from N, O, S, or P, which are substituted as mentioned herein to satisfy atom valency requirements.

The term “C₂-C₆-alkylene” means a linear or branched, saturated, divalent hydrocarbon chain (or “tether”) having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, e.g., —CH₂—CH₂— (“ethylene” or “C₂-alkylene”), —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—, —C(H)(CH₃)—CH₂— or —C(CH₃)₂— (“propylene” or “C₃-alkylene”), or, for example —CH₂—C(H)(CH₃)—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(CH₃)₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂— (“butylene” or “C₄-alkylene”), “C₅-alkylene”, e.g., —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂— (“n-pentylene”), or “—C₆-alkylene-”, e.g., —CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂— (“n-hexylene”) or a —C(CH₃)₂—C(CH₃)₂ group.

The term “hydroxy-(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-” means a linear or branched, saturated, hydrocarbon group in which one or more hydrogen atoms of a “C₁-C₆-alkyl-” as defined supra are each replaced by a hydroxy group, e.g., a hydroxymethyl-, 1-hydroxyethyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl-, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl-, 3-hydroxy propyl-, 2-hydroxypropyl-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl-, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl-, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl-, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl-, or a 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl- group. Particularly the hydroxyalkyl group means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent hydrocarbon group has 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms in which 1 hydrogen atom is replaced with a hydroxy group e.g. a hydroxymethyl-, 1-hydroxyethyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl-, 3-hydroxypropyl-, 2-hydroxypropyl-, 1-hydroxypropyl-, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-ethyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆-haloalkyl” means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent hydrocarbon group in which the term “C₁-C₆-alkyl” is as defined supra and in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced, identically or differently, with a halogen atom. Preferably, said halogen atom is a fluorine atom. Said C₁-C₆-haloalkyl, particularly a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group is, for example, fluoromethyl-, difluoromethyl-, trifluoromethyl-, 2-fluoroethyl-, 2,2-difluoroethyl-, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-, pentafluoroethyl-, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl- or a 1,3-difluoropropan-2-yl group.

The term “C₁-C₆-alkoxy” means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent group of formula (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-O—, in which the term “C₁-C₆-alkyl” group is as defined supra, e.g. methoxy-, ethoxy-, n-propoxy-, isopropoxy-, n-butoxy-, sec-butoxy-, isobutoxy-, tert-butoxy-, pentyloxy-, isopentyloxy- or a n-hexyloxy group, or an isomer thereof.

The term “C₁-C₆-alkylthio” or “C₁-C₆-thioalkyl” means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent group of formula (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-S—, in which the term “C₁-C₆-alkyl” is as defined supra, e.g. methylthio-, ethylthio-, n-propylthio-, isopropylthio-, n-butylthio-, sec-butylthio-, isobutylthio-, tert-butylthio-, pentylthio-, isopentylthio- or a n-hexylthio group, or an isomer thereof.

The term “C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy” means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent C₁-C₆-alkoxy group, as defined supra, in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms is replaced, identically or differently, with a halogen atom. Preferably, said halogen atom in “C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy-” is fluorine, resulting in a group referred herein as “C₁-C₆-fluoroalkoxy-”. Representative C₁-C₆-fluoroalkoxy- groups include, for example, —OCF₃, —OCHF₂, —OCH₂F, —OCF₂CF₃ and —OCH₂CF₃.

The term “C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio” or “C₁-C₆-halothioalkyl” or “C₁-C₆-haloalkyl-S—” means a linear or branched, saturated, monovalent C₁-C₆-alkylthio group, as defined supra, in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms is replaced, identically or differently, with a halogen atom. Preferably, said halogen atom in “C₁-C₆-haloalkylthio-” is fluorine.

The term “C₂-C₆-alkenyl-” means a linear or branched, monovalent hydrocarbon group, which contains one or more double bonds and which has 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₄-alkenyl-”) or 2 or 3 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₃-alkenyl-”), it being understood that in the case in which said alkenyl- group contains more than one double bond, then said double bonds may be isolated from, or conjugated with, each other. Representative alkenyl groups include, for example, an ethenyl-, prop-2-enyl-, (E)-prop-1-enyl-, (Z)-prop-1-enyl-, iso-propenyl-, but-3-enyl-, (E)-but-2-enyl-, (Z)-but-2-enyl-, (E)-but-1-enyl-, (Z)-but-1-enyl-, 2-methylprop-2-enyl-, 1-methylprop-2-enyl-, 2-methylprop-1-enyl-, (E)-1-methylprop-1-enyl-, (Z)-1-methylprop-1-enyl-, buta-1,3-dienyl-, pent-4-enyl-, (E)-pent-3-enyl-, (Z)-pent-3-enyl-, (E)-pent-2-enyl-, (Z)-pent-2-enyl-, (E)-pent-1-enyl-, (Z)-pent-1-enyl-, 3-methylbut-3-enyl-, 2-methylbut-3-enyl-, 1-methylbut-3-enyl-, 3-methylbut-2-enyl-, (E)-2-methylbut-2-enyl-, (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enyl-, (E)-1-methylbut-2-enyl-, (Z)-1-methylbut-2-enyl-, (E)-3-methylbut-1-enyl-, (Z)-3-methylbut-1-enyl-, (E)-2-methylbut-1-enyl-, (Z)-2-methylbut-1-enyl-, (E)-1-methylbut-1-enyl-, (Z)-1-methylbut-1-enyl-, 1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl-, 1-ethylprop-1-enyl-, 1-propylvinyl-, 1-isopropylvinyl-, (E)-3,3-dimethylprop-1-enyl-, (Z)-3,3-dimethylprop-1-enyl-, penta-1,4-dienyl-, hex-5-enyl-, (E)-hex-4-enyl-, (Z)-hex-4-enyl-, (E)-hex-3-enyl-, (Z)-hex-3-enyl-, (E)-hex-2-enyl-, (Z)-hex-2-enyl-, (E)-hex-1-enyl-, (Z)-hex-1-enyl-, 4-methylpent-4-enyl-, 3-methylpent-4-enyl-, 2-methylpent-4-enyl-, 1-methylpent-4-enyl-, 4-methylpent-3-enyl-, (E)-3-methylpent-3-enyl-, (Z)-3-methylpent-3-enyl-, (E)-2-methylpent-3-enyl-, (Z)-2-methylpent-3-enyl-, (E)-1-methylpent-3-enyl-, (Z)-1-methylpent-3-enyl-, (E)-4-methylpent-2-enyl-, (Z)-4-methylpent-2-enyl-, (E)-3-methylpent-2-enyl-, (Z)-3-methylpent-2-enyl-, (E)-2-methylpent-2-enyl-, (Z)-2-methylpent-2-enyl-, (E)-1-methylpent-2-enyl-, (Z)-1-methylpent-2-enyl-, (E)-4-methylpent-1-enyl-, (Z)-4-methylpent-1-enyl-, (E)-3-methylpent-1-enyl-, (Z)-3-methylpent-1-enyl-, (E)-2-methylpent-1-enyl-, (Z)-2-methylpent-1-enyl-, (E)-1-methylpent-1-enyl-, (Z)-1-methylpent-1-enyl-, 3-ethylbut-3-enyl-, 2-ethylbut-3-enyl-, 1-ethylbut-3-enyl-, (E)-3-ethylbut-2-enyl-, (Z)-3-ethylbut-2-enyl-, (E)-2-ethylbut-2-enyl-, (Z)-2-ethylbut-2-enyl-, (E)-1-ethylbut-2-enyl-, (Z)-1-ethylbut-2-enyl-, (E)-3-ethylbut-1-enyl-, (Z)-3-ethylbut-1-enyl-, 2-ethylbut-1-enyl-, (E)-1-ethylbut-1-enyl-, (Z)-1-ethylbut-1-enyl-, 2-propylprop-2-enyl-, 1-propylprop-2-enyl-, 2-isopropylprop-2-enyl-, 1-isopropylprop-2-enyl-, (E)-2-propylprop-1-enyl-, (Z)-2-propylprop-1-enyl-, (E)-1-propylprop-1-enyl-, (Z)-1-propylprop-1-enyl-, (E)-2-isopropylprop-1-enyl-, (Z)-2-isopropylprop-1-enyl-, (E)-1-isopropylprop-1-enyl-, (Z)-1-isopropylprop-1-enyl-, hexa-1,5-dienyl- and a 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl-)ethenyl group. Particularly, said group is an ethenyl- or a prop-2-enyl group.

The same definitions can be applied should the alkenyl group be placed within a chain as a bivalent “C₂-C₆-alkenylene” moiety. All names as mentioned above then will bear a “ene” added to their end, thus e.g., a “pentenyl” becomes a bivalent “pentenylene” group.

The term “C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl-” means a linear or branched hydrocarbon group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms of a “C₂-C₆-alkenyl-” as defined supra are each replaced, identically or differently, by a halogen atom. Preferably, said halogen atom is fluorine, resulting in a group referred herein as “C₂-C₆-fluoroalkenyl-”. Representative C₂-C₆-fluoroalkenyl- groups include, for example, —CH═CF₂, —CF═CH₂, —CF═CF₂, —C(CH₃)═CF₂, —CH═C(F)—CH₃, —CH₂—CF═CF₂ and —CF₂—CH═CH₂.

The term “C₂-C₆-alkynyl-” means a linear or branched, monovalent hydrocarbon group which contains one or more triple bonds, and which contains 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₄-alkynyl-”) or 2 or 3 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₃-alkynyl-”). Representative C₂-C₆-alkynyl- groups include, for example, an ethynyl-, prop-1-ynyl-, prop-2-ynyl-, but-1-ynyl-, but-2-ynyl-, but-3-ynyl-, pent-1-ynyl-, pent-2-ynyl, pent-3-ynyl-, pent-4-ynyl-, hex-1-ynyl-, hex-2-ynyl-, hex-3-ynyl-, hex-4-ynyl-, hex-5-ynyl-, 1-methylprop-2-ynyl-, 2-methylbut-3-ynyl-, 1-methylbut-3-ynyl-, 1-methylbut-2-ynyl-, 3-methylbut-1-ynyl-, 1-ethylprop-2-ynyl-, 3-methylpent-4-ynyl-, 2-methylpent-4-ynyl-, 1-methyl-pent-4-ynyl-, 2-methylpent-3-ynyl-, 1-methylpent-3-ynyl-, 4-methylpent-2-ynyl-, 1-methyl-pent-2-ynyl-, 4-methylpent-1-ynyl-, 3-methylpent-1-ynyl-, 2-ethylbut-3-ynyl-, 1-ethylbut-3-ynyl-, 1-ethylbut-2-ynyl-, 1-propylprop-2-ynyl-, 1-isopropylprop-2-ynyl-, 2,2-dimethylbut-3-ynyl-, 1,1-dimethylbut-3-ynyl-, 1,1-dimethylbut-2-ynyl- and a 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ynyl- group. Particularly, said alkynyl- group is an ethynyl-, a prop-1-ynyl- or a prop-2-ynyl- group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl-” means a saturated mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring which contains 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms (“C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl-”). Said C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl- group may be, for example, a monocyclic hydrocarbon ring, e.g., a cyclopropyl-, cyclobutyl-, cyclopentyl-, cyclohexyl- or cycloheptyl- group, or a bicyclic hydrocarbon ring, such as a decalinyl- group. Preferably, said hydrocarbon ring is monocyclic and contains 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms (“C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl-”), e.g., a cyclopropyl-, cyclobutyl-, cyclopentyl-, cyclohexyl- or cycloheptyl- group, or 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms (“C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-”), e.g., a cyclopropyl-, cyclobutyl-, cyclopentyl- or a cyclohexyl- group. A cycloalkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted as defined at the respective part wherein such term is used.

The term “1,2(C₃-C₅)cycloakylene is used in the definition of —R⁶—R⁷— and means particularly

where * is the point of attachment of the ring to the adjacent —CH₂— group or to the indole nitrogen atom and ** is the point of attachment to the adjacent —CH₂— group or to —(B)_(t)—.

The term “C₄-C₈-cycloalkenyl” means a monovalent, mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring which contains 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and one double bond. Particularly, said ring contains 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms (“C₄-C₆-cycloalkenyl”). Said C₄-C₈-cycloalkenyl group is for example, a monocyclic hydrocarbon ring, e.g., a cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl or a cyclooctenyl group, or a bicyclic hydrocarbon ring, e.g., a bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enyl or a bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-enyl group.

The term “4- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl-” means a saturated mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring which contains 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 carbon atoms, and which contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms which may be identical or different, said heteroatoms preferably are selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, and wherein carbon atoms and heteroatoms add up to 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 ring atoms in total, it being possible for said heterocycloalkyl- group to be attached to the rest of the molecule via any one of the carbon atoms or, if present, a nitrogen atom. “Heterospirocycloalkyl-”, “heterobicycloalkyl-” and “bridged heterocycloalkyl-”, as defined infra, are also included within the scope of this definition.

Preferably, said “4- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl-” group is monocyclic and contains 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and one or two of the above-mentioned heteroatoms, adding up to 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring atoms in total (a “4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl-”), or contains 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms, and one or two of the above-mentioned heteroatoms, adding up to 4, 5 or 6 ring atoms in total (a “4- to 6-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl-”), or contains 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms, and one or two of the above-mentioned heteroatoms, adding up to 5 or 6 ring atoms in total (a “5- to 6-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl-”); it being possible for said heterocycloalkyl- group to be attached to the rest of the molecule via any one of the carbon atoms or the nitrogen atoms, if present;

Exemplarily, without being limited thereto, said “4-membered to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl-”, can be a 4-membered ring, a “4-membered heterocycloalkyl-” group, such as an azetidinyl- or an oxetanyl group; or a 5-membered ring, a “5-membered heterocycloalkyl-” group, such as a tetrahydrofuranyl-, dioxolinyl-, pyrrolidinyl-, imidazolidinyl-, pyrazolidinyl- or a pyrrolinyl group; or a 6-membered ring, a “6-membered heterocycloalkyl-” group, such as a tetrahydropyranyl-, piperidinyl-, morpholinyl-, 3-oxomorpholin-4-yl, dithianyl-, thiomorpholinyl- or a piperazinyl group; or a 7-membered ring, a “7-membered heterocycloalkyl-” group, such as an azepanyl-, diazepanyl- or an oxazepanyl group, for example. The heterocycloalkyl groups may be one or more times substituted with C₁-C₃-alkyl, C₁-C₃-alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen or a carbonyl group.

The term “5- to 7-membered heterocycloalkenyl” means a monocyclic, unsaturated, nonaromatic heterocycle with 5, 6, or 7 ring atoms in total, which contains one or two double bonds and one or two identical or different ring heteroatoms from the series: N, O, S; it being possible for said heterocycloalkenyl group to be attached to the rest of the molecule via any one of the carbon atoms or, if present, a nitrogen atom.

Said heterocycloalkenyl group is, for example, a 4H-pyranyl-, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl-, 2H-pyranyl-, dihydropyridinyl-, tetrahydropyridinyl-, 2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl-, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl-, [1,3]dioxolyl-, 4H-[1,3,4]thiadiazinyl-, 2,5-dihydrofuranyl-, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl-, 2,5-dihydrothiophenyl-, 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl-, 4,5-dihydrooxazolyl- or a 4H-[1,4]thiazinyl group. Those heterocycloalkenyl groups may be substituted with a hydroxy group or a methoxy group.

The term “fused heterocycloalkyl” or “heterobicycloalkyl-” means a bicyclic, saturated heterocycle with 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 ring atoms in total, in which the two rings share two adjacent ring atoms, which “fused heterocycloalkyl” contains one or two identical or different ring heteroatoms from the series: N, O, S; it being possible for said fused heterocycloalkyl group to be attached to the rest of the molecule via any one of the carbon atoms or, if present, a nitrogen atom.

Said fused heterocycloalkyl or “heterobicycloalkyl-” group is, for example, an azabicyclo[3.3.0]octyl-, azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonyl-, diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonyl-, oxazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonyl-, thiazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonyl- or an azabicyclo[4.4.0]decyl group.

The term “aryl” means a phenyl-, naphthyl-, 5,6-dihydronaphthyl-, 7,8-dihydronaphthyl-, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl-indanyl-, or an indenyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five substituents, each substituent independently selected from halogen, cyano, C₁-C₃-alkyl, C₁-C₃-haloalkyl, C₁-C₃-alkoxy, C₁-C₃-thioalkyl, C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy, C₁-C₃-halothioalkyl, C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl, particularly halogen, C₁-C₃-alkyl, C₁-C₃-haloalkyl, C₁-C₃-alkoxy, C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy.

The term “heteroaryl-” means a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring system having 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 ring atoms (a “5- to 14-membered heteroaryl-” group), preferably 5, 6, 9 or 10 ring atoms and which contains 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms which may be identical or different, said heteroatoms being selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Said heteroaryl- group can be a 5-membered heteroaryl group, such as, for example, a thienyl-, furanyl-, pyrrolyl-, oxazolyl-, thiazolyl-, imidazolyl-, pyrazolyl-, isoxazolyl-, isothiazolyl-, oxadiazolyl-, triazolyl-, thiadiazolyl- or a tetrazolyl group; or a 6-membered heteroaryl group, such as, for example, a pyridyl-, pyridazinyl-, pyrimidyl-, pyrazinyl- or a triazinyl group; or a benzo-fused 5-membered heteroaryl- group, such as, for example, a benzofuranyl-, benzothienyl-, benzoxazolyl-, benzisoxazolyl-, benzimidazolyl-, benzothiazolyl-, benzotriazolyl-, indazolyl-, indolyl- or a isoindolyl group; or a benzo-fused 6-membered heteroaryl group, such as, for example, a quinolinyl-, quinazolinyl-, isoquinolinyl-, cinnolinyl-, phthalazinyl- or quinoxalinyl-; or another bicyclic group, such as, for example, indolizinyl-, purinyl- or a pteridinyl group; or a tricyclic heteroaryl- group, such as, for example, a carbazolyl-, acridinyl- or a phenazinyl group.

Preferably, “heteroaryl-” is a monocyclic aromatic ring system having 5 or 6 ring atoms and which contains at least one heteroatom, if more than one, they may be identical or different, said heteroatom being selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur (“5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl-”), such as, for example, a thienyl-, furanyl-, pyrrolyl-, oxazolyl-, thiazolyl-, imidazolyl-, pyrazolyl-, isoxazolyl-, isothiazolyl-, oxadiazolyl-, triazolyl-, thiadiazolyl-, tetrazolyl-, pyridyl-, pyridazinyl-, pyrimidyl-, pyrazinyl- or a triazinyl- group.

In general, and unless otherwise mentioned, said heteroaryl- groups include all the possible isomeric forms thereof, e.g., the positional isomers thereof. Thus, for some illustrative non-restricting example, the term pyridyl- includes pyridin-2-yl-, pyridin-3-yl- and pyridin-4-yl-; the term thienyl- includes thien-2-yl- and thien-3-yl-. Furthermore, said heteroaryl- groups can be attached to the rest of the molecule via any one of the carbon atoms, or, if applicable, a nitrogen atom, e.g., a pyrrol-1-yl-, pyrazol-1-yl- or an imidazol-1-yl- group.

In general, and unless otherwise mentioned, the heteroaryl or heteroarylene groups include all possible isomeric forms thereof, e.g., tautomers and positional isomers with respect to the point of linkage to the rest of the molecule. Thus, for some illustrative non-restricting examples, the term pyridinyl includes pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl and pyridin-4-yl; or the term thienyl includes a thien-2-yl and a thien-3-yl group.

Particularly, the heteroaryl group is a pyridyl- or pyrimidyl group or a imidazolyl group, including a hydroxy substitution of the pyridyl group leading e.g. to a 2-hydroxy-pyridine which is the tautomeric form to a 2-oxo-2(1H)-pyridine.

The term “C₁-C₆”, as used throughout this text, e.g., in the context of the definition of “C₁-C₆-alkyl-”, “C₁-C₆-haloalkyl-”, “C₁-C₆-alkoxy-” or “C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy-” is to be understood as meaning an alkyl group having a whole number of carbon atoms from 1 to 6, i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms. It is to be understood further that said term “C₁-C₆” is to be interpreted as disclosing any sub-range comprised therein, e.g. C₁-C₆, C₂-C₅, C₃-C₄, C₁-C₂, C₁-C₃, C₁-C₄, C₁-C₅, C₁-C₆; preferably C₁-C₂, C₁-C₃, C₁-C₄, C₁-C₅, C₁-C₆; more preferably C₁-C₄; in the case of “C₁-C₆-haloalkyl-” or “C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy-” even more preferably C₁-C₂.

Similarly, as used herein, the term “C₂-C₆”, as used throughout this text, e.g., in the context of the definitions of “C₂-C₆-alkenyl-” and “C₂-C₆-alkynyl-”, is to be understood as meaning an alkenyl- group or an alkynyl group having a whole number of carbon atoms from 2 to 6, i.e., 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms. It is to be understood further that said term “C₂-C₆” is to be interpreted as disclosing any sub-range comprised therein, e.g., C₂-C₆, C₃-C₅, C₃-C₄, C₂-C₃, C₂-C₄, C₂-C₅; preferably C₂-C₃.

Further, as used herein, the term “C₃-C₇”, as used throughout this text, e.g., in the context of the definition of “C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl-”, is to be understood as meaning a cycloalkyl- group having a whole number of carbon atoms of 3 to 7, i.e., 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms. It is to be understood further that said term “C₃-C₇” is to be interpreted as disclosing any sub-range comprised therein, e.g., C₃-C₆, C₄-C₅, C₃-C₅, C₃-C₄, C₄-C₆, C₅-C₇; preferably C₃-C₆.

As used herein, the term “leaving group” refers to an atom or a group of atoms that is displaced in a chemical reaction as stable species taking with it the bonding electrons, e.g., typically forming an anion. Preferably, a leaving group is selected from the group comprising: halo, in particular a chloro, bromo or iodo, (methylsulfonyl)oxy-, [(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy-, [(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy-, [(nonafluorobutyl)sulfonyl]oxy-, [(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]oxy-, [(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]oxy-, [(2-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]oxy-, [(4-isopropylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy-, [(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy-, [(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy-, [(4-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy-, (phenylsulfonyl)oxy-, and a [(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]oxy group.

As used herein, the term “protective group” is a protective group attached to an oxygen or nitrogen atom in intermediates used for the preparation of compounds of the general formula (I). Such groups are introduced e.g., by chemical modification of the respective hydroxy or amino group in order to obtain chemoselectivity in a subsequent chemical reaction. Protective groups for hydroxy and amino groups are described for example in T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4^(th) edition, Wiley 2006; more specifically, protective groups for amino groups can be selected from substituted sulfonyl groups, such as a mesyl-, tosyl- or a phenylsulfonyl group, acyl groups such as a benzoyl-, acetyl- or a tetrahydropyranoyl group, or carbamate based groups, such as a tert-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc). Protective groups for hydroxy groups can be selected from acyl groups such as a benzoyl-, acetyl, pivaloyl- or a tetrahydropyranoyl group, or can include silicon, as in e.g., a tert-butyldimethylsilyl-, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-, triethylsilyl- or a triisopropylsilyl group.

The term “substituent” refers to a group “substituted” on, e.g., an alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl-, heterocycloalkenyl-, cycloalkenyl-, aryl-, or a heteroaryl group at any atom of that group, replacing one or more hydrogen atoms therein. In one aspect, the substituent(s) on a group are independently any one single, or any combination of two or more of the permissible atoms or groups of atoms delineated for that substituent. In another aspect, a substituent may itself be substituted with any one of the above substituents. Further, as used herein, the phrase “optionally substituted” means unsubstituted (e.g., substituted with an H) or substituted.

It will be understood that the description of compounds herein is limited by principles of chemical bonding known to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, where a group may be substituted by one or more of a number of substituents, such substitutions are selected so as to comply with principles of chemical bonding with regard to valencies, etc., and to give compounds which are not inherently unstable. For example, any carbon atom will be bonded to two, three, or four other atoms, consistent with the four valence electrons of carbon.

By “subject” is meant a mammal, including, but not limited to, a human or non-human mammal, such as a bovine, equine, canine, ovine, rodent, or feline.

It is possible for the compounds of general formula (I) to exist as isotopic variants. The invention therefore includes one or more isotopic variant(s) of the compounds of general formula (I), particularly deuterium-containing compounds of general formula (I).

The invention also includes all suitable isotopic variations of a compound of the invention.

The term “isotopic variant” of a compound or a reagent is defined as a compound exhibiting an unnatural proportion of one or more of the isotopes that constitute such a compound.

The expression “unnatural proportion” in relation to an isotope means a proportion of such isotope which is higher than its natural abundance. The natural abundances of isotopes to be applied in this context are described in “Isotopic Compositions of the Elements 1997”, Pure Appl. Chem., 70(1), 217-235, 1998.

An isotopic variation of a compound of the invention is defined as one in which at least one atom is replaced by an atom having the same atomic number but an atomic mass different from the atomic mass usually or predominantly found in nature.

Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into a compound of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulphur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, such as ²H (deuterium), ³H (tritium), ¹¹C, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ³²P, ³³P, ³³S, ³⁴S, ³⁵S, ³⁶S, ¹⁸F, ³⁶Cl, ⁸²Br, ¹²³I, ¹²⁴I, ¹²⁹I and ¹³¹I, respectively. Accordingly, recitation of “hydrogen” or “H” should be understood to encompass ¹H (protium), ²H (deuterium), and ³H (tritium) unless otherwise specified. Certain isotopic variations of a compound of the invention, for example, those in which one or more radioactive isotopes such as ³H or ¹⁴C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. Tritiated and carbon-14, i.e., ¹⁴C, isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with isotopes such as deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements and hence may be preferred in some circumstances. Isotopic variations of a compound of the invention can generally be prepared by conventional procedures known by a person skilled in the art such as by the illustrative methods or by the preparations described in the examples hereafter using appropriate isotopic variations of suitable reagents.

With respect to the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the disorders specified herein, the isotopic variant(s) of the compounds of general formula (I) preferably contain deuterium (“deuterium-containing compounds of general formula (I)”). Isotopic variants of the compounds of general formula (I) in which one or more radioactive isotopes, such as ³H or ¹⁴C, are incorporated are useful, e.g., in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. These isotopes are particularly preferred for the ease of their incorporation and detectability. Positron-emitting isotopes such as ¹⁸F or ¹¹C may be incorporated into a compound of general formula (I). These isotopic variants of the compounds of general formula (I) are useful for in vivo imaging applications. Deuterium-containing and ¹³C-containing compounds of general formula (I) can be used in mass spectrometry analyses in the context of preclinical or clinical studies.

Isotopic variants of the compounds of general formula (I) can generally be prepared by methods known to a person skilled in the art, such as those described in the schemes and/or examples herein, by substituting a reagent for an isotopic variant of said reagent, preferably for a deuterium-containing reagent. Depending on the desired sites of deuteration, in some cases deuterium from D₂O can be incorporated either directly into the compounds or into reagents that are useful for synthesizing such compounds. Deuterium gas is also a useful reagent for incorporating deuterium into molecules. Catalytic deuteration of olefinic bonds and acetylenic bonds is a rapid route for incorporation of deuterium. Metal catalysts (i.e. Pd, Pt, and Rh) in the presence of deuterium gas can be used to directly exchange deuterium for hydrogen in functional groups containing hydrocarbons. A variety of deuterated reagents and synthetic building blocks are commercially available from companies such as for example C/D/N Isotopes, Quebec, Canada; Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc., Andover, Mass., USA; and CombiPhos Catalysts, Inc., Princeton, N.J., USA.

The term “deuterium-containing compound of general formula (I)” is defined as a compound of general formula (I), in which one or more hydrogen atom(s) is/are replaced by one or more deuterium atom(s) and in which the abundance of deuterium at each deuterated position of the compound of general formula (I) is higher than the natural abundance of deuterium, which is about 0.015%. Particularly, in a deuterium-containing compound of general formula (I) the abundance of deuterium at each deuterated position of the compound of general formula (I) is higher than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%, preferably higher than 90%, 95%, 96% or 97%, even more preferably higher than 98% or 99% at said position(s). It is understood that the abundance of deuterium at each deuterated position is independent of the abundance of deuterium at other deuterated position(s).

The selective incorporation of one or more deuterium atom(s) into a compound of general formula (I) may alter the physicochemical properties (such as for example acidity [C. L. Perrin, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 4490], basicity [C. L. Perrin et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 9641], lipophilicity [B. Testa et al., Int. J. Pharm., 1984, 19(3), 271]) and/or the metabolic profile of the molecule and may result in changes in the ratio of parent compound to metabolites or in the amounts of metabolites formed. Such changes may result in certain therapeutic advantages and hence may be preferred in some circumstances. Reduced rates of metabolism and metabolic switching, where the ratio of metabolites is changed, have been reported (A. E. Mutlib et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2000, 169, 102). These changes in the exposure to parent drug and metabolites can have important consequences with respect to the pharmacodynamics, tolerability and efficacy of a deuterium-containing compound of general formula (I). In some cases deuterium substitution reduces or eliminates the formation of an undesired or toxic metabolite and enhances the formation of a desired metabolite (e.g., Nevirapine: A. M. Sharma et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2013, 26, 410; Efavirenz: A. E. Mutlib et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2000, 169, 102). In other cases the major effect of deuteration is to reduce the rate of systemic clearance. As a result, the biological half-life of the compound is increased. The potential clinical benefits would include the ability to maintain similar systemic exposure with decreased peak levels and increased trough levels. This could result in lower side effects and enhanced efficacy, depending on the particular compound's pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship. ML-337 (C. J. Wenthur et al., J. Med. Chem., 2013, 56, 5208) and Odanacatib (K. Kassahun et al., WO2012/112363) are examples for this deuterium effect. Still other cases have been reported in which reduced rates of metabolism result in an increase in exposure of the drug without changing the rate of systemic clearance (e.g., Rofecoxib: F. Schneider et al., Arzneim. Forsch./Drug. Res., 2006, 56, 295; Telaprevir: F. Maltais et al., J. Med. Chem., 2009, 52, 7993). Deuterated drugs showing this effect may have reduced dosing requirements (e.g., lower number of doses or lower dosage to achieve the desired effect) and/or may produce lower metabolite loads.

A compound of general formula (I) may have multiple potential sites of vulnerability to metabolism. To optimize the above-described effects on physicochemical properties and metabolic profile, deuterium-containing compounds of general formula (I) having a certain pattern of one or more deuterium-hydrogen exchange(s) can be selected. Particularly, the deuterium atom(s) of deuterium-containing compound(s) of general formula (I) is/are attached to a carbon atom and/or is/are located at those positions of the compound of general formula (I), which are sites of attack for metabolizing enzymes such as e.g., cytochrome P₄₅₀.

For example, in some embodiments, the present invention concerns a deuterium-containing compound of general formula (I), e.g.:

Such deuterium-containing compounds can be prepared by methods well-known to the person skilled in the art. Particularly, such deuterium-containing compounds can be prepared from the corresponding olefins, which are available by methods known to the person skilled in the art, such as ring closing metathesis reactions, as discussed e.g., in the general description of the synthesis of compounds of general formula (I), infra, in the context of Schemes 2c and 2j, respectively.

Where the plural form of the word compounds, salts, polymorphs, hydrates, solvates and the like, is used herein, this is taken to mean also a single compound, salt, polymorph, isomer, hydrate, solvate or the like. The terms “a” or “an,” as used in herein means one or more.

By “stable compound” or “stable structure” is meant a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.

Compounds of the present invention, as well as the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (II), are typically chiral merely as a result of restricted rotation around at least one single bond, which is due to limited conformational flexibility of their macrocyclic core as a whole or even of open chain precursors. Hence, compounds of the present invention as well as the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (II), can exist as atropisomers. Atropisomers represent a subclass of conformers which arise from restricted rotation around a single bond. The conformers (called atropisomers) can be isolated as separated species (IUPAC Gold book, http://goldbook.iupac.org/A00511.html; Pure and Appl. Chem., 2009, 68, 2193-2222). This induced chirality belongs to the axial type of chirality. The compounds of the present invention as well as the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (II), furthermore optionally contain one or more asymmetric centers, depending upon the location and nature of the various substituents desired. It is possible that one or more asymmetric carbon atoms are present in the (R) or (S) configuration, which can result in racemic mixtures in the case of a single asymmetric center, and in diastereomeric mixtures in the case of multiple asymmetric centers. Hence, compounds of the present invention, as well as the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (II), featuring the abovementioned atropisomerism and an additional asymmetric centre can also exist as diasteromeric mixtures as described supra.

Preferred compounds are those which produce the more desirable biological activity. Separated, pure or partially purified isomers and stereoisomers or racemic or diastereomeric mixtures of the compounds of the present invention are also included within the scope of the present invention. The purification and the separation of such materials can be accomplished by standard techniques known in the art.

If only one isomer (enantiomer) displays the desired biological activity, and the second isomer (enantiomer) is inactive, the preferred isomer is the one which produces the more desirable biological activity. Should one isomer (enantiomer/diastereomer) display better activity than the other isomer (enantiomer/diastreromer) the preferred isomer is the one which produces the better biological activity. These separated, pure or partially purified isomers or racemic mixtures of the compounds of this invention are also included within the scope of the present invention. The purification and the separation of such materials can be accomplished by standard techniques known in the art.

The optical isomers can be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixtures according to conventional processes, for example, by the formation of diastereoisomeric salts using an optically active acid or base or formation of covalent diastereomers. Examples of appropriate acids are tartaric, diacetyltartaric, ditoluoyltartaric and camphorsulfonic acid. Mixtures of diastereoisomers can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical and/or chemical differences by methods known in the art, for example, by chromatography or fractional crystallisation. The optically active bases or acids are then liberated from the separated diastereomeric salts. A different process for separation of optical isomers involves the use of chiral chromatography (e.g., HPLC columns using a chiral phase), with or without conventional derivatisation, optimally chosen to maximise the separation of the enantiomers. Suitable HPLC columns using a chiral phase are commercially available, such as those manufactured by Daicel, e.g., Chiracel OD and Chiracel OJ, for example, among many others, which are all routinely selectable. Enzymatic separations, with or without derivatisation, are also useful. The optically active compounds of the present invention can likewise be obtained by chiral syntheses utilizing optically active starting materials, enantioselective catalytic reactions, and other suitable methods.

In order to distinguish different types of isomers from each other reference is made to IUPAC Rules Section E (Pure Appl Chem 45, 11-30, 1976).

The present invention includes all possible stereoisomers of the compounds of the present invention as single stereoisomers, or as any mixture of said stereoisomers, in any ratio. Isolation of a single stereoisomer, e.g., a single enantiomer or a single diastereomer, of a compound of the present invention may be achieved by any suitable method, such as chromatography, especially chiral chromatography, for example.

Further, it is possible for the compounds of the present invention to exist as tautomers. For example, any compound of the present invention which contains an pyrazol moiety as a heteroaryl group for example can exist as a 1H tautomer, or a 2H tautomer, or even a mixture in any amount of the two tautomers, namely:

The present invention includes all possible tautomers of the compounds of the present invention as single tautomers, or as any mixture of said tautomers, in any ratio.

Further, the compounds of the present invention can exist as N-oxides, which are defined in that at least one nitrogen of the compounds of the present invention is oxidised. The present invention includes all such possible N-oxides.

The present invention also includes useful forms of the compounds of the present invention, such as metabolites, hydrates, solvates, prodrugs, salts, in particular pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and/or co-precipitates.

The compounds of the present invention can exist as a hydrate, or as a solvate, wherein the compounds of the present invention form a crystal that contains molecules of polar solvents, in particular water, methanol or ethanol, for example, as structural element of the crystal lattice of the compounds. The molecules of polar solvents, in particular water, may be present in a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric ratio with the molecules of the compound. In the case of stoichiometric solvates, e.g., a hydrate, hemi-, (semi-), mono-, sesqui-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- etc. solvates or hydrates, respectively, are possible. The present invention includes all such hydrates or solvates.

Further, it is possible for the compounds of the present invention to exist in free form, e.g., as a free base, or as a free acid, or as a zwitterion, or to exist in the form of a salt. Said salt may be any salt, either an organic or inorganic addition salt, particularly any pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic addition salt, which is customarily used in pharmacy, or which is used, for example, for isolating or purifying the compounds of the present invention.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to an inorganic or organic acid addition salt of a compound of the present invention. For example, see S. M. Berge, et al. “Pharmaceutical Salts,” J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66, 1-19. It includes any physiologically acceptable salt as referred to below.

Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds according to the invention encompass acid addition salts of mineral acids, carboxylic acids and sulfonic acids, for example salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, bisulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid or with an organic acid, such as formic, acetic, acetoacetic, pyruvic, trifluoroacetic, propionic, butyric, hexaneoic, heptanoic, undecanoic, lauric, benzoic, salicylic, 2-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-benzoic, camphoric, cinnamic, cyclopentanepropionic, digluconic, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic, nicotinic, pamoic, pectinic, persulfuric, 3-phenylpropionic, picric, pivalic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, itaconic, sulfamic, trifluoromethanesulfonic, dodecylsulfuric, ethansulfonic, benzenesulfonic, para-toluenesulfonic, methansulfonic, 2-naphthalenesulfonic, naphthalenedisulfonic, camphorsulfonic acid, citric, tartaric, stearic, lactic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, malic, adipic, alginic, maleic, fumaric, D-gluconic, mandelic, ascorbic, glucoheptanoic, glycerophosphoric, aspartic, sulfosalicylic, hemisulfuric, orthiocyanic acid, for example.

A “pharmaceutically acceptable anion” refers to the deprotonated form of a conventional acid, such as, for example, a hydroxide, a carboxylate, a sulfate, a halide, a phosphate, or a nitrate.

Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds according to the invention also comprise salts of conventional bases, such as, by way of example and by preference, alkali metal salts (for example lithium, sodium and potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (for example calcium, strontium and magnesium salts) and ammonium salts derived from ammonia or organic amines with 1 to 16 C atoms, such as, by way of example and by preference, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, arginine, lysine, ethylenediamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylglucamine, dimethylglucamine, ethylglucamine, 1,6-hexadiamine, glucosamine, sarcosine, serinol, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, aminopropanediol, Sovak base, and 1-amino-2,3,4-butanetriol.

Additionally, the compounds according to the invention may form salts with a quaternary ammonium ion obtainable, e.g., by quaternisation of a basic nitrogen-containing group with agents such as lower alkylhalides such as methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butylchlorides, -bromides and -iodides; dialkylsulfates such as dimethyl-, diethyl-, dibutyl- and diamylsulfates, long chain halides such as decyl-, lauryl-, myristyl- and stearylchlorides, -bromides and -iodides, aralkylhalides such as benzyl- and phenethylbromides and others. Examples of suitable quaternary ammonium ions are tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, tetra(n-propyl)ammonium, tetra (n-butyl)ammonium, or N-benzyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium.

The present invention includes all possible salts of the compounds of the present invention as single salts, or as any mixture of said salts, in any ratio.

Unless specified otherwise, suffixes to chemical names or structural formulae relating to salts, such as “hydrochloride”, “trifluoroacetate”, “sodium salt”, or “x HCl”, “x CF₃COOH”, “x Na⁺”, for example, mean a salt form, the stoichiometry of which salt form not being specified.

Solvates and hydrates of disclosed intermediates or example compounds, or salts thereof, which have been obtained, by the preparation and/or purification processes described herein, may be formed in any ratio.

Furthermore, the present invention includes all possible crystalline forms, or polymorphs, of the compounds of the present invention, either as a single polymorph, or as a mixture of more than one polymorph, in any ratio.

Moreover, the present invention also includes prodrugs of the compounds according to the invention. The term “prodrugs” designates compounds which themselves can be biologically active or inactive, but are converted (for example metabolically or hydrolytically) into compounds according to the invention during their residence time in the body. For example, a prodrug may be in the form of an in vivo hydrolysable ester of the specified compound. Derivatives of the compounds of formula (I) and the salts thereof which are converted into a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof in a biological system (bioprecursors or pro-drugs) are covered by the invention. Said biological system may be, for example, a mammalian organism, particularly a human subject. The bioprecursor is, for example, converted into the compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof by metabolic processes.

DESCRIPTION

In accordance with a first aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I)

wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent         or

-   A is

-    wherein optionally one or two of the groups selected from CR¹¹,     CR¹² and CR¹³ are replaced by a nitrogen atom,     -   wherein R⁶ and R¹⁰, together with three carbon atoms of the         phenyl ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; -   R¹ is a chlorine atom; -   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; -   R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or     five substituents and each substituent is independently selected     from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-thioalkyl     group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₃)-haloalkyl-S— group, and a     C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group; -   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- wherein any CH₂ group is unsubstituted or     substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is     independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a     hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or     two substituents are optionally taken together with their     intervening atoms to form a saturated or partially unsaturated     3-6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or a 3-8 membered saturated or     partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms     independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)—     group, a —S(O)₂— group, and a —NR¹⁴— group; -   E is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a     —S(O)₂— group or a —NR¹⁴— group and constitutes the connecting     element to R⁴; -   m is 2, 3, or 4; -   R⁵ is selected from a COOH group, a

-    group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(aryl) group,     a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, and a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(aryl) group; -   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole         carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or         substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a         C₁-C₂-alkyl group; and     -   where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group         -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is             unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents             selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷             group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a             C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a             C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a             (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O—             group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an             aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an             aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a             heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a             heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a             heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a             heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group     -   —R⁶—R¹⁰— is selected from         ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),         ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),         ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and         ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the carbon atom         of the phenyl moiety bearing the R¹⁰ substituent,     -   one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted         with one or more substituents independently selected from a         halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl         group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or         substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a         C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and     -   where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group         -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is             unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents             selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷             group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a             C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a             C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a             (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O—             group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an             aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an             aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a             heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a             heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a             heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a             heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group; -   n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; -   t is 0 or 1; -   p is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; -   q is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; -   r is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; -   v is 1; -   s is 0, 1, 2, or 3; -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, p, q, r, and v     result in forming a 9- to 16-membered ring independently from the     selection of variable A1, A2 or A3; -   B is independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)—     group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a     —O—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—O— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—,     and —S(O)₂—; -   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from         -   a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a             C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group,         -   a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, and a             NR²⁰R²¹ group; and     -   a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group; -   R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a

-   -    group, and a

-   -    group, where the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted         with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group         and     -   the heterocycloalkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with         an oxo (═O) group or is unsubstituted or substituted with one or         more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a         hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group,

-   or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally     comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from —O— and —NR¹⁴—;

-   R¹¹ and R¹³ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a     halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group;

-   R¹² is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a     C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy     group, and a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group;

-   R¹⁴ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is independently selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group         -   which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more             substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl             group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,             a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a             (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O—             group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O—             group, an (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O— group, and an             (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;     -   a phenyl group,     -   a group

-   -   a group

-   -    and     -   a group

-   -   where $ is the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom, to         which R¹⁵ is attached,

-   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a     C₁-C₆-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group, a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-C(O)— group, a C₁-C₃-alkylS(O)₂— group, and a     C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—C(═O)— group;

-   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹     group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a     (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)—     group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group;

-   R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group,     and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and

-   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₆-alkyl group; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof,     or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of     same.

Further Embodiments of the First Aspect of the Present Invention

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three,     substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a     halogen atom, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl     group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-thioalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₃)-haloalkyl-S— group and a     C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- wherein any CH₂ group is unsubstituted or     substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is     independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a     hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or two     substituents are optionally taken together with their intervening     atoms to form a saturated or partially unsaturated 3-6-membered     cycloalkyl ring, or a 3-8 membered saturated or partially     unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently     selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a     —S(O)₂— group and a —NR¹⁴— group;

-   m is 2, 3 or 4

-   E is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a     —S(O)₂— group or a —NR¹⁴— group and constitutes the connecting     element to R⁴,

-   R⁵ is selected from a COOH group, a

-    group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(aryl) group,     a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group and a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(aryl) group; -   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole         carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, and a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or         substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a         C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and     -   where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a         C₁-C₆-alkyl group         -   which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more             substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl             group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group             and an aryl group; -   n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; -   p is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; -   t is 0 or 1; -   s is 0, 1, 2, or 3; -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in     forming a 9- to 16-membered ring independently from the selection of     variable A1 or A2; -   B is independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)—     group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a     —O—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—O— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—,     and —S(O)₂—; -   R⁸ is a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group and a NR²⁰R²¹ group;     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group in which one or two not directly adjacent         carbon atoms are independently replaced by a heteroatom selected         from —O— and —NH—; -   R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a (C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₆-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a

-   -    group, and a

-   -    group, where the phenyl ring is optionally substituted with a         halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and     -   the heterocycloalkyl group is optionally substituted with an oxo         (═O) group or is optionally substituted with one or more         substituents independently selected from a halogen atom and a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally     comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from —O—, and —NR¹⁴—;

-   R¹⁴ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is independently selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group         -   which is optionally substituted with one or more             substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl             group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,             a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O—             group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a             (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group, a             (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group and an             aryl-heteroarylene-O— group;     -   a phenyl group, a group

-   -   a group

-   -    and     -   a group

-   -   where $ is the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom, to         which R¹⁵ is attached,

-   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a     C₁-C₆-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group, a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-C(O)— group, a C₁-C₃-alkylS(O)₂— group and a     C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—C(═O)— group;

-   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹     group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a     (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)—     group and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group;

-   R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group,     and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and

-   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₆-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I), wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 10- to 12-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three,     substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a     halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-;

-   E is a bond or an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element     to R⁴;

-   m is 2, 3, or 4;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#)     is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##)     is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the     R⁷ substituent; and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or         substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a         C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and     -   where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a         C₁-C₆-alkyl group         -   which is unsubstituted or substituted with a             heterocycloalkyl group,

-   n is 3, 4, 5, or 6;

-   t is 0 or 1;

-   p is 1;

-   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in     forming a 10- to 12-membered ring independently from the selection     of variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from a —N(R¹⁵)— group and —O— group;

-   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy         group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and a         NR²⁰R²¹ group;

-   R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   where the phenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with a         halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and     -   the heterocycloalkylene group is unsubstituted or substituted         with a substituent independently selected from an oxo (═O) group         and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;     -   or     -   R⁸ and R⁹ together form 6-membered ring optionally comprising         one or two oxygen atoms;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a group

-    a group

-    and a group

-   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a     C₁-C₆-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group; -   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹     group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a     (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—     group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group; -   R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group,     and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and -   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I), wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 10- or 11-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is an aryl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     halogen atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-;

-   E is an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴,

-   m is 3;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#)     is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##)     is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the     R⁷ substituent, and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group and     -   where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a         C₁-C₆-alkyl group         -   which is unsubstituted or substituted with a             heterocycloalkyl group;

-   n is 3 or 4;

-   t is 0;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 10- to 11-membered ring independently from the         selection of variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a         heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;

-   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group and a     (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group;

-   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I), wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form an 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     halogen atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is     the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is     the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷     substituent, and     -   where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group         -   which is unsubstituted or substituted with a             heterocycloalkyl group;

-   n is 4;

-   t is 0;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming an 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a         heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;

-   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group and a     (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group;

-   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I) selected from:

-   (rac)-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,     10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,     10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1) and -   4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,     10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2)     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of formula (I) A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent         or

-   A is

-    wherein optionally one or two of the groups selected from CR¹¹,     CR¹² and CR¹³ are replaced by a nitrogen atom,     -   wherein R⁶ and R¹⁰, together with three carbon atoms of the         phenyl ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; -   R¹ is a chlorine atom; -   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; -   R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or     five substituents and each substituent is independently selected     from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-thioalkyl     group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₃)-haloalkyl-S— group, and a     C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group; -   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- wherein any CH₂ group is unsubstituted or     substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is     independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a     hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or     two substituents are optionally taken together with their     intervening atoms to form a saturated or partially unsaturated     3-6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or a 3-8 membered saturated or     partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms     independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)—     group, a —S(O)₂— group, and a —NR¹⁴— group; -   E is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a     —S(O)₂— group or a —NR¹⁴— group and constitutes the connecting     element to R⁴; -   m is 2, 3, or 4; -   R⁵ is selected from a COOH group, a

-    group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(aryl) group,     a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, and a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(aryl) group; -   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole         carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or         substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a         C₁-C₂-alkyl group; and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl; -   —R⁶—R¹⁰— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the carbon atom         of the phenyl moiety bearing the R¹⁰ substituent,     -   one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted         with one or more substituents independently selected from a         halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl         group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or         substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a         C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl; -   n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; -   t is 0 or 1; -   p is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; -   q is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; -   r is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; -   v is 1; -   s is 0, 1, 2, or 3; -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, p, q, r, and v     result in forming a 9- to 16-membered ring independently from the     selection of variable A1, A2 or A3; -   B is independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)—     group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a     —O—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—O— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—,     and —S(O)₂—; -   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from         -   a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a             C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and     -   a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group; -   R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a

-   -    group, and a

-   -    group, where the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted         with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group         and     -   the heterocycloalkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with         an oxo (═O) group or is unsubstituted or substituted with one or         more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a         hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group,

-   or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally     comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from —O— and —NR¹⁴—;

-   R¹¹ and R¹³ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a     halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group;

-   R¹² is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a     C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy     group, and a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group;

-   R¹⁴ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is independently selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group         -   which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more             substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl             group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,             a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a             (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O—             group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O—             group, an (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O— group, and an             (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;     -   a phenyl group,     -   a group

-   -   a group

-   -    and     -   a group

-   -   where $ is the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom, to         which R¹⁵ is attached,

-   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a     C₁-C₆-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group, a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-C(O)— group, a C₁-C₃-alkylS(O)₂— group, and a     C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—C(═O)— group;

-   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹     group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a     (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)—     group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group;

-   R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group,     and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and

-   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₆-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I), wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three,     substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a     halogen atom, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl     group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-thioalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₃)-haloalkyl-S— group and a     C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- wherein any CH₂ group is unsubstituted or     substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is     independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a     hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or two     substituents are optionally taken together with their intervening     atoms to form a saturated or partially unsaturated 3-6-membered     cycloalkyl ring, or a 3-8 membered saturated or partially     unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently     selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a     —S(O)₂— group and a —NR¹⁴— group;

-   E is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a     —S(O)₂— group or a —NR¹⁴— group and constitutes the connecting     element to R⁴,

-   R⁵ is selected from a COOH group, a

-    group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(aryl) group,     a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group and a     —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(aryl) group; -   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and     ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole         carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, and a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or         substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a         C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl; -   n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; -   p is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; -   t is 0 or 1; -   s is 0, 1, 2, or 3; -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in     forming a 9- to 16-membered ring independently from the selection of     variable A1 or A2; -   B is independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)—     group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a     —O—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—O— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—,     and —S(O)₂—; -   R⁸ is a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy         group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and a         NR²⁰R²¹ group;     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group in which one or two not directly adjacent         carbon atoms are independently replaced by a heteroatom selected         from —O— and —NH—; -   R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a (C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₆-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a

-   -    group, and a

-   -    group, where the phenyl ring is optionally substituted with a         halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and     -   the heterocycloalkyl group is optionally substituted with an oxo         (═O) group or is optionally substituted with one or more         substituents independently selected from a halogen atom and a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally     comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from —O—, and —NR¹⁴—;

-   R¹⁴ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is independently selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group         -   which is optionally substituted with one or more             substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl             group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,             a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O—             group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a             (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group, a             (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group and an             aryl-heteroarylene-O— group;     -   a phenyl group, a group

-   -   a group

-   -    and     -   a group

-   -   where $ is the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom, to         which R¹⁵ is attached,

-   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a     C₁-C₆-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group, a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-C(O)— group, a C₁-C₃-alkylS(O)₂— group and a     C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—C(═O)— group;

-   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹     group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a     (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)—     group and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group;

-   R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group,     and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and

-   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₆-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I):

wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 10- to 12-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three,     substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a     halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-;

-   E is a bond or an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element     to R⁴;

-   m is 2, 3, or 4;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#)     is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##)     is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the     R⁷ substituent; and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or         substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a         C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 3, 4, 5, or 6;

-   t is 0 or 1;

-   p is 1;

-   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in     forming a 10- to 12-membered ring independently from the selection     of variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from a —N(R¹⁵)— group and —O— group;

-   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy         group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and a         NR²⁰R²¹ group;

-   R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   where the phenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with a         halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and     -   the heterocycloalkylene group is unsubstituted or substituted         with a substituent independently selected from an oxo (═O) group         and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;     -   or     -   R⁸ and R⁹ together form 6-membered ring optionally comprising         one or two oxygen atoms;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a group

-    a group

-    and a group

-   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a     C₁-C₆-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group; -   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹     group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a     (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—     group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group; -   R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group,     and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and -   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I): wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 10- or 11-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is an aryl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     halogen atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-;

-   E is an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴,

-   m is 3;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#)     is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##)     is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the     R⁷ substituent, and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 3 or 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 10- to 11-membered ring independently from the         selection of variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a         heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;

-   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group and a     (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group;

-   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I): wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 10- or 11-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of     which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents     and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom     and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-;

-   E is an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴,

-   m is 3;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein     ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and     ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom     bearing the R⁷ substituent and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 3 or 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 10- to 11-membered ring independently from the         selection of variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a         heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I): wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 10- or 11-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is an aryl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     halogen atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-;

-   E is an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴,

-   m is 3;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein     ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and     ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom     bearing the R⁷ substituent and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 3 or 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 10- to 11-membered ring independently from the         selection of variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a         heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I): wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 10- or 11-membered         ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the         indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     fluorine atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein     ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and     ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom     bearing the R⁷ substituent,     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or two substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 3 or 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1 or 2;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 10- or 11-membered ring independently from the         selection of variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is selected from a methyl group and a 2-morpholinoethyl group;

-   R⁹ is selected from a methyl group and an ethyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a     2,2-difluoroethyl group and a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I):

wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     halogen atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein     ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and     ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom     bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may     be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen atoms,     -   and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a

-   -    group or a

-   -    group where * is the point of attachment of the ring to the         adjacent —CH₂— group or to the indole nitrogen atom and ** is         the point of attachment to the adjacent —CH₂— group or to         —(B)_(t)—, and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted     with a heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I) wherein:

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     halogen atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#)     is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##)     is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the     R⁷ substituent and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more halogen atoms,     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅-cycloalkylene) group and said         1,2-(C₃-C₅-cycloalkylene) is unsubstituted;     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 3 or 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1 or 2;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with     a heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I) in which:

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     halogen atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole         carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 3 or 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1 or 2;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with     a heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I):

wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     halogen atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole         carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more halogen atoms, and     -   where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-(C₃-C₅-cycloalkylene) group and said         1,2-(C₃-C₅-cycloalkylene) is unsubstituted; and     -   wherein X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or         C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 3 or 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1 or 2;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with     a heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I):

wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     halogen atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and     -   wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen         atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole         carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or two fluorine atoms, and     -   and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a

-   -    group or a

-   -    group where * is the point of attachment of the ring to the         adjacent —CH₂— group or to the indole nitrogen atom and ** is         the point of attachment to the adjacent —CH₂— group or to         —(B)_(t)— and     -   wherein X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or         C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 3 or 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1 or 2;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted     with a heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I) wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     fluorine atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##)     and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein     ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and     ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom     bearing the R⁷ substituent and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,     -   and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a

-   -    group or a

-   -    group where * is the point of attachment of the ring to the         adjacent —CH₂— group or to the indole nitrogen atom and ** is         the point of attachment to the adjacent —CH₂— group or to         —(B)_(t)- and     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted     with a morpholino or 4-methyl-piperazino group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₂-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a     C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I) wherein:

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     fluorine atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein     ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and     ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom     bearing the R⁷ substituent and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;

-   R⁸ is a methyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₂-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a CH₂CF₃— and     a CH₂CHF₂ group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I) wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a 6-fluoro-naphthyl group;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein     ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and     ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom     bearing the R⁷ substituent and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   B is —O—;

-   R⁸ is a methyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₂-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I)

-   wherein A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a 6-fluoro-naphthyl group;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein     ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and     ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom     bearing the R⁷ substituent and     -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,     -   where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

-   n is 4;

-   t is 1;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   B is-NR¹⁵—

-   R⁸ is a methyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₂-alkyl group;

-   R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a CH₂CF₃— and     a CH₂CHF₂ group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I) wherein:

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     fluorine atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein     ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and     ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom     bearing the R⁷ substituent;

-   B is-NR¹⁵— or —O—;

-   n is 4;

-   t is 1;

-   P is 0;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   R⁸ is methyl or —(CH₂)₂-morpholino;

-   R⁹ is methyl or ethyl;

-   R¹⁵ is methyl or —CH₂—CF₃;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I):

wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     fluorine atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—NH—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CF₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CHF₂)—CH₂—^(##),     ^(#)—CH₂—CH═CH═CH₂—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂—)₆ ^(##),     ^(#)—(CH₂)₂—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—CH₂—CF₂—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₂—^(##),     ^(#)—CH₂—CF₂—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—^(##),

-    wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen     atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon     atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; -   n is 3 or 4; -   t is 1; -   p is 1 or 2;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming a 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2; -   R⁸ is selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl     group which is substituted with a morpholino group; -   R⁹ is a methyl group or an ethyl group;     or a tautomer or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same. In accordance with a further aspect, the present     invention provides compounds of general formula (I):     wherein     A is

wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 11-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; R¹ is a chlorine atom; R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom; L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—; R⁵ is a COOH group; —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

-   -   wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more halogen atoms,         and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a

group or a

group where * is the point of attachment of the ring to the adjacent —CH₂— group or to the indole nitrogen atom and ** is the point of attachment to the adjacent —CH₂— group or to —(B)_(t)—, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group; n is 4; t is 0; p is 1; where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in forming an 11-membered ring independently from the selection of variable A1 or A2; B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—; R⁸ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group; R⁹ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group; R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group; or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I):

wherein

A is

wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form an 11-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; R¹ is a chlorine atom; R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; R⁴ is an aryl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom; L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-; E is an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴, m is 3; R⁵ is a COOH group; —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         n is 3 or 4;         t is 0 or 1;         p is 1 or 2;         where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming an 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;         B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—;         R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and,         a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a         heterocycloalkyl group;         R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,         a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,         a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O— group,         a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,         a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl group,         a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,         a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and         a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;         R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a         C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;         R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano         group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group and         a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group;         R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom         and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;         or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a         mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds of general formula (I):

wherein

A is

wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form an 11-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; R¹ is a chlorine atom; R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; R⁴ is an aryl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom; L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-; E is an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴, m is 3; R⁵ is a COOH group; —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         n is 4;         t is 0;         p is 1;         where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming an 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;         R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and,         a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a         heterocycloalkyl group;         R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,         a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,         a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O— group,         a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,         a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl group,         a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,         a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and         a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;         R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a         C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;         R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano         group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group and         a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group;         R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom         and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;         or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a         mixture of same.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides compounds with the general formula (I):

wherein

-   A is

-   -   wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the         pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the         nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form an 11-membered ring         and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole         carbon atom bearing the A substituent;

-   R¹ is a chlorine atom;

-   R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom;

-   R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a     halogen atom;

-   L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—;

-   R⁵ is a COOH group;

-   —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is     the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is     the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷     substituent, and     -   where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group         -   which is unsubstituted or substituted with a             heterocycloalkyl group

-   n is 4;

-   t is 0;

-   p is 1;     -   where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in         forming an 11-membered ring independently from the selection of         variable A1 or A2;

-   R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen         atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a         heterocycloalkyl group;

-   R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;

-   R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group and a     (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group;

-   R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and     a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a     mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of general formula (I) selected from:

-   (rac)-(11 Z)-4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)     propyl]-1,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   rac-4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)     propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-2,3,14-trimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-2,3,14-trimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-2,3,14-trimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2) -   (rac)-(11     Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2,14-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-2,14-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)     propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-2,14-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)     propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-12-chloro-10,11-dimethyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrazolo[3′,4′:7,8][1,5]diazecino[9,10,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylic     acid-formic acid salt, -   (rac)-12-chloro-7,10,11-trimethyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrazolo[3′,4′:7,8][1,5]diazecino[9,10,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylic     acid, -   (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,14-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,14-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,14-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-methyl-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-methyl-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-methyl-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-(11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,13,14,15-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,13,14,15-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-ammonia salt (enantiomer 1), -   (11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,13,14,15-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-ammonia salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-methyl-2-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-3-methyl-2-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-3-methyl-2-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt—Enantiomer 1, -   (−)     4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt—Enantiomer 2, -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (rac)-4-chloro-12,12-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-12,12-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt—Enantiomer 1, -   4-chloro-12,12-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt—Enantiomer 2, -   (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid Enantiomer 1, -   4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid—Enantiomer 2, -   (rac)     4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (rac)-4-chloro-14-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (9aS,11aR)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-15-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9,9a,10,11,11a,     12-octahydrocyclobuta[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-14-carboxylic     acid—Stereoisomer 1, -   (9aR,11aS)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-15-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9,9a,10,11,11a,12-octahydrocyclobuta[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-14-carboxylic     acid—Stereoisomer 2, -   (9aS,10aR or 9aR,     10aS)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-14-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9a,     10,10a,     11-hexahydro-9H-cyclopropa[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-13-carboxylic     acid—Stereoisomer 1, -   (9aR,10aS or 9aS,     10aR)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-14-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9a,     10,10a,     11-hexahydro-9H-cyclopropa[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-13-carboxylic     acid—Stereoisomer 2, -   (rac)-4-chloro-11,11,12,12-tetrafluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid and -   (rac)-4-chloro-11,11-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of general formula (I) selected from:

-   4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   (+)-4-chloro-2,3,14-trimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (+)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   (+)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,14-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1) and -   4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid Enantiomer 1     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of general formula (I) selected from:

-   (rac)-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), -   (−)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), -   (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,     10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid, -   4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,     10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 1) and -   4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,     10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic     acid (enantiomer 2)     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of general formula (I) selected from example 71-example 85, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which a heterocyclyoalkyl can be a 4- to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl. Preferably, the heterocycloalkyl group is a 6-membered heterocycloalkyl group containing one or two heteroatoms selected from —O— and NR²². More preferably, the heterocycloalkyl group is monocyclic heterocycloalkyl group and contains 5 carbon atoms and one heteroatom selected from —O— and NR²², particularly an oxygen atom. More preferably, the heterocycloalkyl group is a tetrahydropyrane group. Most preferably, the heterocycloalkyl group is a tetrahydropyran-4-yl.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-thioalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₃)-haloalkyl-S— group, and a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three, substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-thioalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, and a (C₁-C₃)-haloalkyl-S— group and a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three, substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is selected from an aryl group, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is an aryl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is an aryl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one substituent which is a halogen atomor a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a aryl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine or a chlorine atom or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a aryl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom or tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a salt of an N-oxide or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a chlorine atom or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a napht-1-yl group or a 6-fluoro-naphth-1-yl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a napht-1-yl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a 6-fluoro-naphth-1-yl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is selected from 1-naphthyl group, a 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl-1-yl group, and a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-yl group, a 6-fluoro-naphthyl group, a 6-chloro-naphthyl group

In further embodiments the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is selected from a naphth-1-yl group, a 6-fluoro-naphthyl group and a 6-chloro-naphth-1-yl group

In further embodiments the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is selected from a 1-naphthyl group, a 4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl-1-yl group, and a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-yl group, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a halogen substituted naphthyl group, particularly 6-halo-naphthyl group, more particularly a 6-chloro-naphthyl group or a 6-fluoro-naphthyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ is a halogen substituted naphthyl group, particularly 6-halo-naphthyl group, more particularly a 6-fluoro-naphthyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁴ has one, two or three optional substituents.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or two substituents are optionally taken together with their intervening atoms to form a saturated or partially unsaturated 3-6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or a 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a —S(O)₂- group, and a —NR¹⁴— group, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which L is a —(CH₂)_(m)-E- group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a C₁-C₃-alkyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which L is an unsubstituted group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which E is an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which L is an unsubstituted group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- and E is an oxygen atom or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which L-R⁴ is an unsubstituted group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-R⁴ in which m is 3, E is an oxygen atom and R⁴ is a fluorine substituted naphthyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which L-R⁴ is an unsubstituted group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-R⁴ in which m is 3, E is an oxygen atom and R⁴ is 6-fluoro-naphthyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁵ is a COOH group, a

group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(aryl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, and a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(aryl) group; and s is 0, 1,2, or 3; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a salt of an N-oxide or a mixture of same

In yet further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁵ is a COOH group, a

group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(aryl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group and a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(aryl) group and s is 0, 1,2, or 3, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a salt of an N-oxide or a mixture of same

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in R⁵ is a COOH group, or a

group, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in R⁵ is a COOH group, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),

wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group; and where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group; and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),

wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group; and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),

wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group; and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),

wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),

wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),

wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and where a double bond in any alkenylene can be replaced by an unsubstituted a 1,2-(C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl) group, and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and

where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and where a double bond in any alkenylene can be replaced by an unsubstituted a 1,2-(C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl) group, and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and where a double bond in any alkenylene can be replaced by an unsubstituted a 1,2-(C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl) group, and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and

where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group,

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and where a double bond in any alkenylene can be replaced by an unsubstituted a 1,2-(C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl) group, and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and

where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₆)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group,

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and

where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group and

where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

or a tautomer or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a mixture of same. In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from

-   -   ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##),         ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein         ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom         and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon         atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and         wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more substituents independently selected         from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy         group, and         where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group and         and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group     -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         or a tautomer or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a         mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and

where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group and

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group;         or a tautomer or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a         mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and

where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group and

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a         mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more a halogen atoms,

and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group and where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl;

or a tautomer or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a mixture of same. In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from

-   -   ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and         ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein         ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom         and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon         atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and         wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or         substituted with one or more a halogen atoms,         and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a         1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group         and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group     -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         or a tautomer or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a         mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more a halogen atoms,

and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group;         or a tautomer or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a         mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more a halogen atoms,

and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-cyclopropylene group or a 1,2-cyclobutylene group

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a         mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more a halogen atoms,

and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by the groups

and where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more a halogen atoms,

and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by the groups

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more a halogen atoms,

and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by the groups

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more a halogen atoms,

and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by the groups

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and

wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, or a tautomer or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, and A is A1 or A2, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, and A is A1 or A2, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,

where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—(B)₀-(CH₂)₁—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group and R²² is defined according to any definition disclosed infra.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—(B)₀-(CH₂)₁—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and where X is —O—.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—(B)₀-(CH₂)₁—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and where X is a —NR²²— group and R²² is defined according to any definition disclosed infra.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,

and where X is —O—

or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,

and where X is a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In         other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of         formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is         ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is         the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##)         is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing         the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,         and where X is —O—         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,

and where X is a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In         other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of         formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is         ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is         the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##)         is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing         the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,         and where X is —O—;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,

and where X is a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein the —CH₂— groups are unsubstituted

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In         other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of         formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is         ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is         the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##)         is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing         the R⁷ substituent and wherein the —CH₂— groups are         unsubstituted         and where X is —O—;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein the —CH₂— groups are unsubstituted

and where X is a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein the —CH₂— groups are unsubstituted

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a ethyl group         which is unsubstituted or substituted with a tetrahydropyranyl         group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In         other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of         formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is selected from         ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is         the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##)         is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing         the R⁷ substituent and wherein the —CH₂— groups are         unsubstituted         and where X is —O—;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein the —CH₂— groups are unsubstituted

and where X is a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a ethyl group         which is unsubstituted or substituted with a tetrahydropyranyl         group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein the —CH₂— groups are unsubstituted

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is a methyl group or a ethyl group which is         substituted with a tetrahydropyranyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein the —CH₂— groups are unsubstituted

and where X is —O—;

or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent and wherein the —CH₂— groups are unsubstituted

and where X is a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is a methyl group or a ethyl group which is         substituted with a tetrahydropyranyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—NH—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CF₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CHF₂)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂—)₆ ^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₂—CF₂—CH₂O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—CH₂—CF₂—(CH₂)₂O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—CH₂—CF₂—CF₂—CH₂O—CH₂—^(##),

and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—NH—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CF₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CHF₂)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₆ ^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₂—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—^(##),

and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a salt of an N-oxide or a mixture of same

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—NH—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CF₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CHF₂)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂—)₆ ^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₂—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—^(##),

and wherein # is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a salt of an N-oxide or a mixture of same

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—NH—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CF₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CHF₂)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂—)₆ ^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₂—CF₂—CH₂O—CH₂—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a salt of an N-oxide or a mixture of same

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##),

and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a salt of an N-oxide or a mixture of same

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₃—NH—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CF₃)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—N(CH₂CHF₂)—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—N(CH₃)—CH₂—^(##), and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₄—O—CH₂—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)₂—CF₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—^(##),

and wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is —(CH₂—)₆ or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is —(CH₂—)₅—X— and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In         other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of         formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is —(CH₂—)₅—X—         and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group     -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is —(CH₂—)₅—X—

and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.     -   In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds         of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from         —(CH2-)5-N(CH3)-, —(CH2-)5-N{(CH2)2-[C(CH2)2O]}—, and —(CH₂-)5-O         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is —(CH₂—)₅—N(CH₃)— or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is —(CH₂—)₅—N{(CH₂)₂—[C(CH₂)₂O]}— or

a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R⁷— is —(CH₂—)_(s)—O— or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R¹⁰— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),

wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the carbon atom of the phenyl moiety bearing the R¹⁰ substituent,

or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, where a double bond in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₁-C₆)cycloalkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or C₁-C₆-alkyl; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R¹⁰— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),

wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the carbon atom of the phenyl moiety bearing the R¹⁰ substituent,

or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, where a double bond in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₁-C₆)cycloalkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R¹⁰— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),

wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the carbon atom of the phenyl moiety bearing the R¹⁰ substituent,

or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, where a double bond in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₁-C₆)cycloalkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which —R⁶—R¹⁰— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##),

wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the carbon atom of the phenyl moiety bearing the R¹⁰ substituent,

or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, where a double bond in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₁-C₆)cycloalkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which B is independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —O—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—O— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)₂—, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which Bis independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)— and —S(O)₂—, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which B is independently selected from a —N(R¹⁵)— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)— and —S(O)₂—, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which B is independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, —O— and —S— or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which B is independently selected from In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which B is independently selected from —O—, —S— and a —N(R¹⁵)— group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which B is independently selected from In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which B is independently selected from —O— and a —N(R¹⁵)— group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which B is a —NR¹⁵— group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which B is an oxygen atom or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which B is —NR¹⁵—, particularly-NH—, —N(C₁-C₃-alkyl)-, or —N(C₁-C₃-haloalkyl), more particularly-NH—, —N(CH₃)—, N(CH₂—CF₃)—, or —N(CH₂CHF₂) or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A2, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A3, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A3 and the macrocyclic ring is a 9-membered-, a 10-membered-, a 11-membered-, a 12-membered-, a 13-membered-, a 14-membered-, a 15-membered- or a 16-membered ring, particularly a 9-membered-, a 10-membered-, a 11-membered-, or a 12-membered ring, more particularly a 12-membered ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1 or A2, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1 or A2 and the macrocyclic ring is a 9-membered-, a 10-membered-, a 11-membered-, a 12-membered-, a 13-membered-, a 14-membered-, a 15-membered- or a 16-membered ring, particularly a 9- to 12-membered ring or a 12- or a 13-membered ring, more particularly a 10- to 11-membered ring, even more particularly a 11-membered ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1 or A2, which together with the indole moiety and the R⁶—R⁷ form a 9-membered-, a 10-membered- or a 11-membered-macrocyclic ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1 or A2, which together with the indole moiety and the R⁶—R⁷ form a 9-membered-, a 10-membered-, a 11-membered- or a 12-membered macrocyclic ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1, which together with the indole moiety and the R⁶—R⁷ form a 9-membered-, a 10-membered- or a 11-membered-macrocyclic ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1, which together with the indole moiety and the R⁶—R⁷ form a 9-membered-, a 10-membered-, a 11-membered- or a 12-membered macrocyclic ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A2, which together with the indole moiety and the R⁶—R⁷ form a 9-membered-, a 10-membered- or a 11-membered-macrocyclic ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a salt of an N-oxide or a mixture of same

In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A2, which together with the indole moiety and the R⁶—R⁷ form a 9-membered-, a IQ-membered-, a 11-membered- or a 12-membered macrocyclic ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1 or A2, which together with the indole moiety and the R⁶—R⁷ form a 10-membered- or a 11-membered macrocyclic ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1 or A2, which together with the indole moiety and the R⁶—R⁷ form a 11-membered macrocyclic ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A2, which together with the indole moiety and the R⁶—R⁷ form a 11-membered macrocyclic ring or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1 and R⁸ and R⁹ are C₁-C₃-alkyl, R⁸ is particularly methyl and R⁹ is methyl or ethyl or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A2 and R⁸ and R⁹ are C₁-C₃-alkyl, R⁸ is particularly methyl and R⁹ is methyl or ethyl or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1 or A2 and R⁸ and R⁹ are C₁-C₃-alkyl, R⁸ is particularly methyl, morpholinoethyl or morpholinopropyl and R⁹ is methyl or ethyl or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1 or A2 and R⁸ and R⁹ are independently selected from C₁-C₃-alkyl or a —(C₁-C₃-alkyl)-heterocyclyl or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet other embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which A is A1 or A2 and R⁸ and R⁹ are C₁-C₃-alkyl, R⁸ is particularly methyl and R⁹ is methyl or ethyl or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group,         a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a         C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a         C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a         heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a         (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group,         a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an         aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a         heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an         aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a         heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a         heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents         selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl         group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which X is —O— or a —NR²²— group

-   -   where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is         unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

The integers selected for variables n, t, p, q, r, and v may result in different ring sizes but still the rings obtained have to fulfill the rule that only rings of a ring size of 9 members up to a ring size of 16 members including 9 and 16 members are encompassed.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which

n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9;

t is 0 or 1;

p is 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

q is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

r is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

v is 0, 1, or 2;

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which

n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

t is 0 or 1;

p is 0, 1, or 2;

q is 2;

r is 2;

v is 0 or 1.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which

n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

t is 1;

p is 1;

q is 2;

r is 2;

v is 0 or 1.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which n is 3, 4, 5, or 6;

t is 0 or 1;

p is 0 or 1.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which

n is 3 or 4;

t is 1;

p is 1 or 2

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which

n is 4;

t is 0;

p is 1.

The limitations relating to A1 and A2 are independent from the limitations relating to A3.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom

-   -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with         one or more substituents independently selected from         -   a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a             C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group,         -   a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and a             NR²⁰R²¹ group; and     -   a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt         thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a         mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and, a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and, a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a heterocycloalkyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ is a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more heterocycloalkyl groups or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ is a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ is a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a morpholino group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a morpholino group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ is a methyl group which is unsubstituted or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which

-   -   R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene) group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a

-   -    group, and a

-   -    group, where the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted         with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group         and     -   the heterocycloalkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with         an oxo (═O) group or is unsubstituted or substituted with one or         more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a         hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group,         or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally         containing one or two heteroatoms selected from —O—, and —NR¹⁴—;         and where

-   R¹⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano     group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a     C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹     group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a     (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)—     group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group and where R¹⁸ is located     at any position chemically possible;

-   where R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl     group, and a NR²⁰R²¹ group and where R¹⁹ is located at any position     chemically possible; and

-   where R²⁰, R²¹ are independently selected from a hydrogen atom or a     C₁-C₆-alkyl group;     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁹ is selected from

-   -   a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene) group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a

-   -    group, and a

-   -    group, where the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted         with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group         and     -   the heterocycloalkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with         an oxo (═O) group or is unsubstituted or substituted with one or         more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a         hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group,

-   or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally     containing one or two heteroatoms selected from —O—, and —NR¹⁴—;     or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a     tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁹ is selected from

a hydrogen atom,

-   -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a (C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene) group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₆-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a

-   -    group, and a

-   -    group, where the phenyl ring is optionally substituted with a         halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and     -   the heterocycloalkyl group is optionally substituted with an oxo         (═O) group or is optionally substituted with one or more         substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, and a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group;         or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally         containing one or two heteroatoms selected from of —O—, and         —NR¹⁴—;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁹ is selected from

-   -   a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a (C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₆-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   where the phenyl ring is optionally substituted with a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and     -   the heterocycloalkyl group is optionally substituted with an oxo         (═O) group or is optionally substituted with one or more         substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, and a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁹ is selected from

-   -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene) group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a         (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-         group,     -   a

-   -    group, and a

-   -    group, where the phenyl ring is optionally substituted with a         halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and     -   the heterocycloalkyl group is optionally substituted with an oxo         (═O) group or is optionally substituted with one or more         substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, and a         C₁-C₃-alkyl group;         or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally         containing one or two heteroatoms selected from of —O—, and         —NR¹⁴—;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁹ is selected from

-   -   a hydrogen atom,     -   a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group,     -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl) group,     -   a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   where the phenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with a         halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and     -   the heterocycloalkylene group is unsubstituted or substituted         with a substituent independently selected from an oxo (═O) group         and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;     -   or R⁸ and R⁹ together form 6-membered ring optionally containing         one or two oxygen atoms;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,

-   -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O— group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,

-   -   a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group,     -   a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group,     -   a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and     -   a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁹ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group;

or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁹ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group;

or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally containing one or two heteroatoms selected from —O—, and —NR¹⁴—, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally containing one or two oxygen atoms, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 6-membered ring optionally containing one or two oxygen atoms, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 6-membered ring optionally containing one oxygen atoms, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R⁸ and R⁹ together are *—(CH₂—)₃—O—**, *—(CH₂)₂O—CH₂—**, —(CH₂)₄—, where * means the point of attachment at the pyrazol nitrogen atom (R⁸ site) whereas ** means the point of attachment to the carbon atom (R⁹ site) of the pyrazol. or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹² is a methoxy group, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹² is hydrogen or a methoxy group, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹³ is hydrogen or a methyl group, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹⁵ is independently selected from a hydrogen atom,

-   -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group         -   which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more             substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl             group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a             C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a             (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an             aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O—             group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O—             group, an (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O— group, and an             (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group;     -   a phenyl group,     -   a group

-   -   a group

-   -    and     -   a group

-   -   where $ is the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom, to         which R¹⁵ is attached,         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹⁵ is independently selected from a hydrogen atom,

-   -   a C₁-C₆-alkyl group         -   which is optionally substituted with one or more             substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl             group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group,             a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a             heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a             (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O—             group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a             (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group, a             (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group and an             aryl-heteroarylene-O— group;     -   a phenyl group, a group

-   -   a group

-   -    and     -   a group

-   -   where $ is the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom, to         which R¹⁵ is attached,         or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a         tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a group

a group

and a group

or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group;

or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a 2,2-difluoroethyl group and a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group;

or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group, a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-C(O)— group, a C₁-C₃-alkylS(O)₂— group, and a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—C(═O)— group; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In yet further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group and (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group;

or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, wherein

R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and

or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, wherein R¹⁹ is a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group;

or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), supra, in which R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a N-oxide or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), or a salt thereof.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), or a tautomer or a salt thereof or a salt of a tautomer or a mixture of same.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), which are salts.

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), which are a tautomer, or a salt of a tautomer or a mixture of same

In further embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of formula (I), which are a an N-oxide, or a salt of an N-oxide or a mixture of same

In further embodiments of the first aspect, the present invention provides combinations of two or more of the above mentioned embodiments under the heading “further embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention”.

Furthermore it is understood that the invention includes any subcombination of the disclosed single embodiments herein for certain residues or subcombination of residues of formula (I).

The present invention includes any sub-combination within any embodiments or aspects of the present invention of compounds of general formula (I), supra.

The present invention includes any sub-combination within any embodiments or aspects of the present invention of compounds or intermediate compounds of general formula (I or II). The present invention includes the compounds of general formula (I) which are disclosed in the Example Section of this text, infra.

General Synthesis of Compounds of General Formula (I) of the Present Invention

A. General Synthesis Route

Compounds of general formula (I) can be synthesized according to the general synthesis route depicted in Scheme 1, encompassing a Suzuki coupling of starting materials of formulae (VII) and (VI) to give intermediates of formula (V), elaboration of the macrocyclic core by attachment of a group R^(P2) to the indole nitrogen present in compounds of formula (V), by reaction with compounds of formula (IV), in which LG represents a leaving group as defined herein and R^(P2) is discussed below, followed by (or together in one step with) macrocyclisation of the resulting intermediates of formula (III), e.g. by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, to give macrocyclic intermediates of formula (II). Dependent inter alia on the nature of R^(P1) and R^(P2), which together give rise to a group ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##) or ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)—(B)—(CH₂)_(r)—(B)—(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##), which groups are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I) after elaboration into the compounds of the present invention, the conversion of compounds of formula (V) into said macrocyclic intermediates of formula (II) may proceed with or without the intermediacy of intermediates of formula (III) e.g. directly from the compounds of formula (V) to the macrocyclic intermediates of formula (II) without requiring the use of compounds of formula (IV); for details see e.g. the Schemes 2a-2j, infra. Finally, conversion of R^(5E) into R⁵, e.g. by ester saponification, optionally followed by conversion of the resulting carboxylic acid into an acylsulfonamide according to methods known to the person skilled in the art (see for example: Bioorg. Med Chem. Lett. 2006, 16, 3639-3641; Bioorg. Med Chem. Lett. 2012, 22, 713-717; Org. Lett. 2012, 14(2), 556-559), yields the compounds of formula (I).

Said general synthesis route commences with a well-known Suzuki coupling of compounds of formula (VII), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and L are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), and in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, with compounds of formula (VI), in which A′, together with the group R^(P1) attached to it, represents a group suitable to act as precursor of a group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), to give compounds of formula (V). The group R⁴, constituting the terminus of the side chain attached to C-3 of the indole core in formula (VII), can alternatively be established on later stage (see e.g. Scheme 2i and its discussion for details). Examples of groups A′ are exemplified further below in this chapter.

In formulae (VI) and (VII), FG¹ in combination with FG² represents a pair of functional groups together enabling a Suzuki coupling; either FG¹ represents bromo, iodo or a trifluoromethanesulfonyl- group and FG² represents a group —B(OR^(B))₂, or vice versa. Said group —B(OR^(B))₂ may be a boronic acid moiety (R^(B)═—H) or an alkyl ester of the boronic acid, e.g. its isopropyl ester (R^(B)═C₁-C₄-alkyl, e.g. —CH(CH₃)₂), or an ester derived from a diol such as pinacol in which the boronic acid intermediate forms a cyclic boronic ester, preferably a 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (R^(B)—R^(B)═C₂-C₆-alkylene, preferably-C(CH₃)₂—C(CH₃)₂—). Many boronic acids and their esters are commercially available and their synthesis is well-known to the person skilled in the art; see e.g. D. G. Hall, Boronic Acids, 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, ISBN 3-527-30991-8 and references cited therein, and Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2015, 58, 2180-2194. Alternatively to boronic acid derivatives, also tetrafluoroborates, in which —BF₄ ⁻ replaces the —B(OR^(B))₂ moiety, can also be employed.

Said Suzuki coupling reaction can be catalysed by palladium catalysts, exemplified by but not limited to by Pd(O) catalysts such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O) [Pd(PPh₃)₄], tris(dibenzylideneacetone)di-palladium(O) [Pd₂(dba)₃] in combination with a ligand, e.g. a phosphine such as triphenylphosphine, or by Pd(II) catalysts such as dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(II) [Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂], dichloropalladium-tricyclohexylphosphine (1:2), palladium(II) acetate in combination with a ligand, e.g. a phosphine such as triphenylphosphine, chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II), (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate, or by [1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]-palladium dichloride, in free form [Pd(dppf)Cl₂] or as dichloromethane adduct [Pd(dppf)Cl₂×CH₂Cl₂].

The reaction is preferably carried out in solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, DMF, THF, toluene or n-propanol, or mixtures thereof, optionally also in mixture with water, and in the presence of a base such as aqueous potassium carbonate, aqueous sodium carbonate or aqueous potassium phosphate.

The reaction is performed at temperatures ranging from room temperature (i.e. 20° C.) to the boiling point of the solvent. Additionally, the reaction can be performed at temperatures above the boiling point using pressure tubes and a microwave oven, (for a review on Suzuki couplings see: D. G. Hall, Boronic Acids, 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, ISBN 3-527-30991-8 and references cited therein).

The reaction is preferably completed after 1 to 36 hours of reaction time.

Synthetic approaches to starting materials of formulae (VI) and (VII) are discussed in context of chapter D, infra.

Compounds of formula (II) can be obtained using various methods described in more detail below, e.g. by reacting compounds of formula (V) with compounds of formula (IV) in which LG represents a leaving group, preferably bromo or iodo, and in which R^(P2) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor for the group R⁶ as defined for the compounds of general formula (I). The following paragraphs outline more specific examples of said conversion of compounds of formulae (Va), (Vb), (Ve), (Vh) and (Vj), all of them constituting sub-compartments of formula (V), into compounds of (IIa), (IIc), (IIe), (IIf), (IIh) and (IIj), all of them constituting sub-compartments of formula (II), some of which with the intermediacy of compounds of formulae (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIIf) and (IIIh), all of them constituting sub-compartments of formula (III), as discussed in the context of Scheme 1.

Said macrocyclic intermediates of formula (II) can finally be converted into the compounds of general formula (I) as described in further detail in context with Scheme 3, infra.

B. More Specific Synthesis Routes for Establishing the Macrocyclic Core, Schemes 2a-2i:

Examples for R^(P1) and R^(P2) groups, as referred to in the general Synthesis Route of Scheme 1 above, are listed below and are put into their synthetic context in the more specific synthesis routes for establishing the macrocyclic core as present in advanced macrocyclic intermediates of formula (II), from compounds of formula (V), described further below. R^(P1) groups are exemplified by but not limited to groups such as —C(═O)H, —X—OH, —X—(CH₂)_(b)—OH, —X—(CH₂)_(b)-LG², —X—(CH₂)_(b)-LG³, —X—(CH₂)_(c)—OH, —X—(CH₂)_(c)-Q-(CH₂)_(d)—CH═CH₂, —CH═CH—(CH₂)_(g)—OH, —(CH₂)_(g+2)-LG¹⁰, —X—(CH₂)_(c)—NR¹⁵(PG²),

—X—O—(CH₂)_(k)—(CF₂)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)—OH and —X—O—(CH₂)_(k)—(CF₂)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)-LG¹⁴, in which LG², LG³ and LG¹⁰, independently from each other, represent a leaving group as defined supra, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, in which LG¹⁴ represents a leaving group as defined supra, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, or an alkylsulfonate or an arylsulfonate, preferably methanesulfonate, in which R¹⁵ is as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which PG² represents a protective group, and in which indices “b”, “c”, “d”, “g”, “k”, “w”, “x”, “y” and “z” are as defined infra, and R^(P2) groups are exemplified by but not limited to groups such as —(CH₂)_(a)—N(R¹⁵)—PG¹,

—(CH₂)_(e)—CH═CH₂, —(CH₂)_(f)-LG⁹ or a hydrogen atom, in which R¹⁵ is as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), PG¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group, LG⁹ represents a leaving group as defined supra, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, and indices “a”, “e” and “f” are as defined infra.

The reader is referred to the fact that the indices “a”, “b”, “c”, ““d”, “e”, “f”, “g”, “h”, “i”, “j”, “k”, “w”, “x”, “y” and “z” used within and in the context of the following Schemes 2a-2j have been introduced independently from the corresponding indices “n”, “p”, “q”, “r”, “t” and “v” used in the claims, in order to reflect diversity of chemotypes encompassed within the general formula (I), and of the various synthesis routes useful for their preparation. Said diversity encompasses inter alia

-   -   the fact that whilst A contributes two carbon atoms to the         macrocyclic core if being derived from pyrazole, A contributes         three carbon atoms to the macrocyclic core if being derived from         benzene;     -   the fact that inherently unstable formaldehyde aminals or         hemiaminals result when “t” represents an integer 1 and a         nitrogen or oxygen atom (but not a carbon atom), which is         encoded for by (B)_(t), is separated from the core indole         nitrogen only by one carbon atom;     -   the fact that certain parts of precursor groups of —R⁶—R⁷ and         —R⁶—R¹⁰, such as olefinic double bonds, have been drawn         explicitly in some the Schemes for the sake of chemical clarity,         mandating independent indices for the remaining parts of said         precursor groups.

According to Scheme 2a, compounds of formula (IIa), in which R⁷ (which is a feature of group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I)) and R⁶ together form a ^(##)—X—(CH₂)_(b)—N(R¹⁵)—(CH₂)_(a)—^(#) group, in which * represents the point of attachment to the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) represents the point of attachment to the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, can be obtained from compounds of formula (Va), in which X, R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and L are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, and in which R^(P2) represents a hydrogen atom and R^(P1) (see General Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a —X—(CH₂)_(b)—OH group (in which the index “b” represents an integer selected from 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7), by (i) reacting with compounds of formula (IVa), in which R¹⁵ is as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), the index “a” represents an integer selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, with the proviso that the sum of the integers representing indices “a” and “b” is at least 2 and does not exceed 9, LG¹ represents a leaving group and PG¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group, followed by (ii) conversion of said —X—(CH₂)_(b)—OH group into a —X—(CH₂)_(b)-LG² group, and (iii), if PG¹ represents a protective group, cleavage of said protective group, to give compounds of formula (Ilia), in which R^(P1) represents a —X—(CH₂)_(b)-LG² group (in which in turn LG² represents a leaving group, preferably bromo), and in which R^(P2) represents a —(CH₂)_(a)—NH(R¹⁵) group. Dependent on the reaction and/or work-up conditions, compounds of the formula (Ilia) can be isolated as free bases or as salts, e.g. salts with hydrochloric acid. Subsequently, said compounds of formula (Ilia) can be subjected to an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, giving rise to the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (IIa).

The abovementioned sequence of transformations can be advantageously accomplished by (step i) deprotonating a compound of formula (Va) with a suitable base, such as cesium carbonate, potassium tert-butoxide, or sodium hydride, in a suitable solvent, such as DMF, acetonitrile or THF, followed by addition of a compound of formula (IVa); subsequently (step ii) by halogenation of said —X—(CH₂)_(b)—OH group, e.g. by treatment with tetrabromomethane and triphenylphosphine in a halogenated hydrocarbon, such as dichloromethane, as a solvent, and (step iii), if PG¹ represents a protective group, by an appropriate deprotection method (see e.g. T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4^(th) edition, Wiley 2006), such as the cleavage of a tert-butoxycarbonyl group by hydrogen chloride in dioxane or by trifluoroacetic acid. The subsequent macrocyclization is favorably accomplished by reacting a compound of formula (Ilia) in the presence of a base such as an alkali carbonate or an alkali phosphate, preferably cesium carbonate, in a dipolar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide or N-methyl pyrrolidin-2-one, preferably DMF, at a temperature between 20° C. and 120° C., preferably between 50° C. and 80° C.

In an analogous fashion, and as outlined in Scheme 2b, compounds of formula (Mb), in which R⁷ (which is a feature of group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I)) and R⁶ together form a

group, in which ^(#) represents the point of attachment to the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) represents the point of attachment to the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, and in which Q⁻ represents an anion corresponding to a leaving group, preferably a halide ion such as a bromide ion, can be obtained from compounds of formula (IIIb), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and L are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, in which R^(P1) (see General Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a —X—(CH₂)_(b)-LG³ group (in which the index “b” represents an integer selected from 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, and LG represents a leaving group, preferably bromo), and in which R^(P2) (see General Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a

group (in which the index “a” represents an integer selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10), by subjection to an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, with the proviso that the sum of the integers representing indices “a” and “b” is at least 2 and does not exceed 9. Compounds of formula (IIIb) can be prepared in analogy to the approach outlined in Scheme 2a, supra.

Said intramolecular nucleophilic substitution can be favorably accomplished by reacting a compound of formula (IIIb) in the presence of a base such as an alkali carbonate or an alkali phosphate, preferably potassium carbonate, in a dipolar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA) or N-methyl pyrrolidin-2-one, preferably DMA, at a temperature between 20° C. and 120° C., preferably between 40° C. and 70° C.

According to Scheme 2c, compounds of formula (IIc), in which R⁷ (which is a feature of group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I)) and R⁶ together form a ^(##)—X—(CH₂)_(c)—O—(CH₂)_(d)—CH═CH—(CH₂)_(e)—^(#) group, in which * represents the point of attachment to the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) represents the point of attachment to the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, can be obtained from compounds of formula (Vb), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, L and X are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, in which R^(P2) represents a hydrogen atom and R^(P1) (see General Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a —X—(CH₂)_(c)—OH group, in which index “c” represents an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2, by reacting with compounds of formula (IVc), followed by compounds of formula (IVd), in which indices “d” and “e”, independently from each other, represent an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, with the proviso that the sum of the integers representing indices “c”, “d” and “e” does not exceed 7, and LG⁴ and LG⁵, independently from each other, represent a leaving group, to give compounds of formula (IIIc), in which R^(P1) represents a —X—(CH₂)_(c)—O—(CH₂)_(d)—CH═CH₂ group, and in which R^(P2) represents a —(CH₂)_(e)—CH═CH₂ group. Subsequently, said compounds of formula (IIIc) can be subjected to a ring closing metathesis (RCM) reaction (see e.g. Chem. Rev., 2009, 109 (8), pp 3783-3816), giving rise to the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (IIc).

The abovementioned sequence of transformations can be advantageously accomplished by deprotonating a compound of formula (Vb) with one equivalent of a suitable base, such as sodium hydride or cesium carbonate, in a suitable solvent, such as THF, dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethylacetamide (DMA), followed by addition of a compound of formula (IVc), followed by the addition of one further equivalent of a suitable base, such as sodium hydride or cesium carbonate, followed by addition of a compound of formula (IVd). Whenever indices “d” and “e” are identical, said base can be added in one portion, followed by one reagent of formula (IVc) or (IVd). The subsequent macrocyclization is favorably accomplished by reacting a compound of formula (IIIc) in the presence of a catalyst suitable for the performance of a ring closing metathesis exemplified by but not limited to

-   (1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene)dichloro(phenylmethylene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium     or -   (1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene)dichloro(o-isopropoxyphenyl-methylene)ruthenium,     in a halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloromethane, chloroform, or     1,2-dichloroethane, preferably dichloromethane, at a temperature     between 0° C. and 50° C., preferably between 20° C. and 30° C.,     using pressure tubes and a microwave oven if needed.

In an alternative approach outlined in Scheme 2d, compounds of the formula (IIc), as defined above in context of Scheme 2c, can be prepared in one synthetic step from compounds of formula (Vb), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, L and X are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, in which R^(P2) represents a hydrogen atom and R^(P1) (see General Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a —X—(CH₂)_(c)—OH group, in which in turn index “c” represents an integer selected from 0, 1 or 2, by reacting with compounds of formula (IVe), in which indices “d” and “e”, independently from each other, represent an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, with the proviso that the sum of the integers representing indices “c”, “d” and “e” does not exceed 87 and LG⁶ and LG⁷ represent, independently from each other, a leaving group, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, giving rise to the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (IIc). If compounds of formula (IVe) are being employed as (Z)-alkenes, macrocyclic compounds of formulas (IIc) can be obtained as single (Z) double bond isomers.

Said reaction can be advantageously accomplished by reacting a compound of formula (Vb) with a compound of formula (IVe) in the presence of a base such as an alkali carbonate or an alkali phosphate, preferably cesium carbonate, preferably in the presence of an alkali iodide, preferably sodium iodide (to convert LG⁶ and/or LG⁷ into iodo in situ), in a solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis-(2-methoxymethyl) ether or acetonitrile, at a temperature between 0° C. and 100° C., preferably between 15° C. and 75° C.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said reaction is performed in the presence of one to three equivalents (relative to the compound of formula (IVe) of sodium iodide, in a solvent selected from acetonitrile and bis-(2-methoxymethyl) ether, initially at a temperature between 15° C. and 40° C. for a period of 2 to 30 hours, followed by a temperature between 50° C. and 80° C., for a period of 2 to 8 hours.

According to Scheme 2e, Compounds of formula (IIe), in which R⁷ (which is a feature of group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I)) and R⁶ together form a ^(##)—X—(CH₂)_(c)—O—(CH₂)_((d+e+2))—^(#) group, in which * represents the point of attachment to the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) represents the point of attachment to the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, can be obtained from compounds of formula (IIc), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, L and X are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, and in which R⁷ and R⁶ together form a —X—(CH₂)_(c)—O—(CH₂)_(d)—CH═CH—(CH₂)_(e)— group as defined in context of Schemes 2c and 2d, by hydrogenation of the olefinic double bond.

Said hydrogenation of the olefinic double bond can be advantageously accomplished by catalytic hydrogenation which is well known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. by reacting a solution of a compound of formula (IIc) in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, THF or ethyl acetate, with an atmosphere of hydrogen under ambient or elevated pressure, in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst such as palladium on carbon.

According to Scheme 2f, compounds of the formula (IIf), in which R⁷ (which is a feature of group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I)) and R⁶ together form a ^(##)—X—(CH₂)_(c)—O—(CH₂)_(f)—^(#) group, in which * represents the point of attachment to the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) represents the point of attachment to the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, can be obtained from compounds of formula (Vb), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, L and X are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, in which R^(P2) represents a hydrogen atom and R^(P1) (see General Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a —X—(CH₂)_(c)—OH group, in which in turn index “c” represents an integer selected from 0, 1 or 2, by reacting with compounds of formula (IVf), in which index “f” represents an integer selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, with the proviso that the sum of the integers representing indices “c” and “f” is at least 3 and does not exceed 9, and in which LG⁸ and LG⁹ represent, independently from each other, a leaving group, preferably bromo or iodo, giving rise to the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (IIf). Dependent on the reaction conditions and the choice of leaving groups LG⁸ and LG⁹, intermediate compounds of formula (IIIf) can be isolated and subsequently cyclised to the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (IIf).

Said reaction can be advantageously accomplished in one step by reacting a compound of formula (Vb) with a compound of formula (IVf), in which both LG⁸ and LG⁹ represent iodo, in the presence of a base such as an alkali carbonate or an alkali phosphate, preferably cesium carbonate, in a solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), at a temperature between 0° C. and 100° C., preferably between 15° C. and 50° C.

As outlined in Scheme 2g, compounds of formula (IIh), in which R⁷ (which is a feature of group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I)) and R⁶ together form a —(CH₂)_(g)+2— group, can be obtained from compounds of formula (Vh), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and L are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, and in which R^(P2) represents a hydrogen atom and R^(P1) (see General Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a —CH═CH—(CH₂)_(g)—OH group (in which the index “g” represents an integer selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), by (i) conversion of said-CH═CH—(CH₂)_(g)—OH group into a —(CH₂)_(g+2)—OH group by means of catalytic hydrogenation, and (ii) conversion of said —(CH₂)_(g+2)—OH group into a —(CH₂)_(g+2)-LG¹⁰ group, to give compounds of formula (IIIh), in which R^(P1) represents a —(CH₂)_(g+2)-LG¹⁰ group (in which in turn LG¹⁰ represents a leaving group, preferably bromo), and in which R^(P2) represents a hydrogen atom. Subsequently, said compounds of formula (IIIh) can be subjected to an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, giving rise to the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (IIh).

The abovementioned sequence of transformations can be advantageously accomplished by (step i) hydrogenating a compound of formula (Vh) in an atmosphere of hydrogen at a pressure between 1 and 20 bar, in ethanol as a solvent and in the presence of a palladium on charcoal hydrogenation catalyst, followed (step ii) by halogenation of the resulting —(CH₂)_(g)+2—OH group, e.g. by treatment with tetrabromomethane and triphenylphosphine in a halogenated hydrocarbon, such as dichloromethane, as a solvent. The subsequent macrocyclization can be favorably accomplished by reacting a compound of formula (IIIh) in the presence of a base such as potassium tert-butoxide, in an ethereal solvent such as 1,4-dioxane, THF or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, preferably 1,4-dioxane, at a temperature between 20° C. and 120° C., preferably between 60° C. and 100° C., using pressure tubes and a microwave oven if needed. Starting materials of the formula (Vh) are available in analogy to Scheme 1, e.g. by employing a compound of formula (VI), in which FG² represents a halogen atom such as bromine, and in which R^(P1) represents a —(CH₂)—OH group, which can be (a) oxidized by methods well known to the person skilled in the art, such as a Swern oxidation, to the corresponding aldehyde (in which R^(P1) represents a —C(═O)H group), followed by (b) reacting said aldehyde in a well-known Wittig or Wadsworth-Horner-Emmons olefination reaction with a suitable phosphonium salt, and (c) subsequently establishing the terminal hydroxy group from a precursor group present in said phosphonium salt, e.g. by removal of a protective group or reduction of a corresponding carboxylic acid ester to give the corresponding hydroxyalkenyl compound of formula (VI) in which R^(P1) represents a —CH═CH—(CH₂)_(g)—OH group, and finally (d) a Suzuki coupling with a compound of formula (VII) as outlined in Scheme 1.

As outlined in Scheme 2h, compounds of formula (IIj), in which R⁷ (which is a feature of group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I)) and R⁶ together form an ^(##)—X—O—(CH₂)_(h)—O—(CH₂)_(i)—^(#) group, in which * represents the point of attachment to the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) represents the point of attachment to the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, can be obtained from compounds of formula (Vj), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, L and X are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, in which R^(P2) represents a hydrogen atom and R^(P1) (see general Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a group —X as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), by reaction with compounds of formula (IVj), in which the indices “h” and “i”, independently from each other, represent an integer selected from 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, with the proviso that the sum of the integers representing indices “h” and “i” does not exceed 8, and in which LG¹² and LG¹³, independently from each other, represent a leaving group, preferably iodo), to directly give the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (IIj). If said indices “h” and “i” are different from each other, regioisomeric mixtures (inverse arrangement of “h” and “i” in the reaction product) may result which may be separated by methods known to the person skilled in the art, such as preparative HPLC.

Said reaction can be favorably accomplished by reacting a compound of formula (Vj) with a compound of formula (IVj) in the presence of a base such as an alkali carbonate or an alkali phosphate, preferably cesium carbonate, in a solvent such bis-(2-methoxyethyl) ether, at a temperature between 15° C. and 100° C., preferably between 15° C. and 80° C.

As outlined in Scheme 2i, compounds of formula (IIk), in which R⁷ (which is a feature of group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I)) and R⁶ together form a

group, in which ^(#) represents the point of attachment to the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) represents the point of attachment to the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, can be obtained from compounds of formula (IIIk), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, X and L are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, and in which R^(P2) represents a hydrogen atom and R^(P1) (see General Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a

group (in which the index “x” represents an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2, and index “k” represents an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, in which the index “w” represents an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, with the proviso that the sum of the integers representing indices “k” and “w” does not exceed 7, by (i) conversion of said

qroup of the a compound of general formula (IIIk) into a group

to yield a compound of general formula (Him), in which LG¹⁴ represents a leaving group as defined supra, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, or an alkylsulfonate or an arylsulfonate, preferably methanesulfonate, and (ii) subsequent cyclisation to yield a compound of general formula (IIk).

Alternatively a compound of general formula (IIIk) can be cyclized to deliver a compound of general formula (IIk).

The abovementioned sequence of transformations can be advantageously accomplished by (step i), reacting a compound of formula (IIIk) in the presence of a base such as a trialkylamine, preferably triethylamine, in a solvent such as dichloromethane, at a temperature between 0° C. and 40° C., with an arylsulfonyl chloride, or alkylsulfonyl chloride or alkylsulfonyl anhydride, preferably methanesulfonyl chloride, at a temperature between 0° C. and 40° C., preferably at room temperature, followed by (step ii), reacting a compound of formula (Him) in the presence of a base such as cesium carbonate, in a solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature between 40° C. and 150° C., preferably between 80° C. and 130° C.

The macrocyclisation of a compound of formula (IIIk) to deliver a compound of general formula (IIk) can be favorably accomplished by reacting a compound of formula (IIIk) in the presence of triphenylphosphine and di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature between −10° C. and 40° C., preferably at a temperature between −10° C. and room temperature.

Starting materials of the formula (IIIk) are available in analogy to Scheme 1. Specific examples are given in the Experimental section, infra.

As outlined in Scheme 2j, compounds of formula (IIn), in which R⁷ (which is a feature of group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I)) and R⁶ together form a ##—X—(CH₂)_(k)—(CF₂)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)—# group, in which * represents the point of attachment to the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) represents the point of attachment to the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, can be obtained from compounds of formula (IIIn), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, X and L are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, and in which R^(P2) represents a hydrogen atom and R^(P1) (see General Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a —X—(CH₂)_(k)—(CF₂)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)—OH group (in which the index “k” represents an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and index “y” represents an integer selected from 1,2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and index “z” represents an integer selected from 1,2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, with the proviso that the sum of the integers representing indices “k”, “y” and “z” does not exceed 9, by (i) conversion of said —X—(CH₂)_(k)—(CF₂)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)—OH group of the a compound of general formula (IIIn) into a group —X—(CH₂)_(k)—(CF₂)_(y)—(CH₂)_(z)-LG¹⁴ to yield a compound of general formula (IIIo), in which LG¹⁴ represents a leaving group as defined supra, preferably chloro, bromo or iodo, or an alkylsulfonate or an arylsulfonate, preferably methanesulfonate, and (ii) subsequent cyclisation to yield a compound of general formula (IIn).

Alternatively a compound of general formula (IIIn) can be cyclised to deliver a compound of general formula (IIn).

The abovementioned sequence of transformations can be advantageously accomplished by (step i), reacting a compound of formula (IIIn) in the presence of a base such as a trialkylamine, preferably triethylamine, in a solvent such as dichloromethane, at a temperature between 0° C. and 40° C., with an arylsulfonyl chloride, or alkylsulfonyl chloride or alkylsulfonyl anhydride, preferably methanesulfonyl chloride, at a temperature between 0° C. and 40° C., preferably at room temperature, followed by (step ii), reacting a compound of formula (IIIo) in the presence of a base such as cesium carbonate, in a solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature between 40° C. and 150° C., preferably between 80° C. and 130° C.

The macrocyclisation of a compound of formula (IIIn) to deliver a compound of general formula (IIn) can be favorably accomplished by reacting a compound of formula (IIIn) in the presence of triphenylphosphine and di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature between −10° C. and 40° C., preferably at a temperature between −10° C. and room temperature.

Starting materials of the formula (IIIn) are available in analogy to Scheme 1. Specific examples are given in the Experimental section, infra.

Scheme 2k outlines a modified general synthesis route for certain macrocyclic intermediates of general formula (IIp), constituting a sub-compartment of formula (II), supra, in which E represents an oxygen atom, which employs indole starting materials of formula (VIIe), in turn constituting a sub-compartment of formula (VII), supra. The approach differs from the ones described in the preceding Schemes in that the group R⁴ is only introduced on late stage, after elaboration of the macrocyclic core, and hence is particularly useful for preparing multiple compounds of the present invention with many different R⁴ groups.

As shown in Scheme 2k, indole starting materials of formula (VIIe), in which R¹, R², R³, and m are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, and in which FG¹ represents bromo, iodo, a trifluoromethanesulfonyl- group or a group —B(OR^(B))₂, preferably a group —B(OR^(B))₂, are protected at their free hydroxy group attached to —(CH₂)_(m)— with PG², a protective group for hydroxy groups as defined herein, such as tert-butyldimethylsilyl-, by reaction with a suitable reagent such as tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane, in the presence of a base such as imidazole, using a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as dichloromethane, as a solvent, to give indole derivatives of formula (VIIf). It is well possible to elaborate said —B(OR^(B))₂ group, if not present already in the compounds of formula (VIIe), from bromo upon introduction of the protective group PG². Specific examples are given in the Experimental Section, infra. In formulae (VI), (VIIe) and (VIIIe), FG¹ in combination with FG² represents a pair of functional groups together enabling a Suzuki coupling; either FG¹ represents bromo, iodo or a trifluoromethanesulfonyl- group and FG² represents a group —B(OR^(B))₂, or vice versa. Said group —B(OR^(B))₂ may be a boronic acid moiety (R^(B)═—H) or an alkyl ester of the boronic acid, e.g. its isopropyl ester (R^(B)═C₁-C₄-alkyl, e.g. —CH(CH₃)₂), or an ester derived from a diol such as pinacol in which the boronic acid intermediate forms a cyclic boronic ester, preferably a 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (R^(B)—R^(B)═C₂-C₆-alkylene, preferably —C(CH₃)₂—C(CH₃)₂—).

Said indole derivatives of formula (VIIIe) can, in analogy to the methods discussed in the context of Scheme 1, be reacted in a well-known Suzuki coupling with compounds of formula (VI), in which FG² is as discussed above and in and in which A′, together with the group R^(P1) attached to it, represents a group suitable to act as precursor of a group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), to give compounds of formula (Ve). Said indole starting materials of formula (VIIe) are well known to the person skilled in the art and can be prepared as described infra.

In subsequent steps, the macrocyclic core can be elaborated using approaches such as those outlined and discussed in the context of Scheme 1 and Schemes 2a-2h to deliver compounds of general formula (XVIIe)

Said macrocyclic intermediate compounds of formula (XVIIe) can be subsequently subjected to a cleavage of the protective group PG², according to methods known to the person skilled in the art (see e.g. T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4^(th) edition, Wiley 2006), to give compounds of the formula (XVIIIe). The hydroxy group present in said compounds of the formula (XVIIIe) can then be converted into LG⁴, representing a leaving group as defined herein, by methods known to the person skilled in the art, such as the reaction with tetrabromomethane in the presence of triphenylphosphane, in a suitable solvent such as a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, e.g. dichloromethane, or by reaction with an arylsulfonyl chloride, or alkylsulfonyl chloride or alkylsulfonyl anhydride, such as methanesulfonyl chloride, giving rise to compounds of the formula (XIXe). The group R⁴ can finally be introduced by reaction of said compounds of the formula (XIXe) with a compound of the formula R⁴—OH, in which R⁴ is as defined for the compounds of formula (I), in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydride or cesium carbonate, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), to give compounds of formula (IIp).

Alternatively, the compounds of formula (IIp) can be obtained by reacting an alcohol R⁴—OH, in which R⁴ is as defined for the compounds of formula (I) and a compound of formula (XVIIIe) in the presence of triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate or di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature between −10° C. and 40° C., preferably at a temperature between −10° C. and room temperature.

Specific examples are given in the Experimental section, infra.

According to Scheme 2z, compounds of formula (IIz), in which R⁷ (which is a feature of group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I)) and R⁶ together form a ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) group, in which A, B, t, n, p and X are as defined for the compounds of the general formula (I), ^(#) represents the point of attachment to the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) represents the point of attachment to the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, can be obtained from compounds of formula (Vz), in which A′ is A or represents a group suitable to act as precursor of a group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in a sense that it is only differing from A as its substituent R⁷ is not yet forming a ring together with R⁶ of the indol nitrogen atom substituent, in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, B, t, n, p and L are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, in which R^(P2) represents a hydrogen atom and R^(P1) (see General Synthesis Route, Scheme 1) represents a —X—(CH₂)_(p)—(B)_(t)—(CH₂)_(n)—OH group, by direct alkylation of the indole nitrogen atom, such as by nucleophilic substitution or preferably by reacting in a so-called Mitsunobu reaction (see e.g. O. Mitsunobu, Synthesis 1981, 1, 1-28) with an azodicarboxylate of the formula C₁-C₄-alkyl-O₂C—N═N—CO₂—C₁-C₄-alkyl, preferably diisopropyl azodicarboxylate or di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate, and a phosphine (R^(P))₃P, in which the three groups R^(P) are independently selected from each other from C₁-C₄-alkyl, phenyl, and furan-2-yl, whereby phenyl is optionally substituted one or two times with C₁-C₃-alkyl, C₁-C₃-alkoxy, or halogen; giving rise to the corresponding macrocyclic intermediates of formula (IIz). Optionally, cyanomethylene phosphoranes of the formula NC—C═PR^(P) ₃ can be used, wherein the three groups R^(P) are as defined above, preferably wherein the three groups R^(P) are selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, more preferably wherein the three groups R^(P) are n-butyl. Cyanomethylene phosphoranes are easily accessible to a skilled person via literature procedures (see e.g. T. Tsunoda, Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 5081) and/or commercially available.

Said reaction can be advantageously accomplished in a solvent selected from an acyclic or cyclic ether, such as tetrahydrofurane, tetrahydropyrane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis-(2-methoxymethyl) ether, diethyl ether, or in a dipolar aprotic solvent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or acetonitrile, or an aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbon of the formula C₁-C₃-haloalkyl-H, such as dichloromethane, chloroform, or 1,2-dichloroethane, at a temperature in a range from 0° C. to 60° C. Preferably, the reaction is carried out in tetrahydrofurane at room temperature, that is, in a temperature range from 20° C. to 25° C. Phosphines (R^(P))₃P and azodicarboxylates of the formula C₁-C₄-alkyl-O₂C—N═N—CO₂—C₁-C₄-alkyl are widely commercially available.

Specific examples are given in the Experimental section, infra.

C. Conversion into Compounds of Formula (I), Scheme 3:

According to Scheme 3, compounds of formula (II) (such as the compounds of the formulae (IIa), (Mb), (IIc), (IIe), (IIf), (IIh), (IIj), (IIk), (IIn) and (IIp)), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁶, A and L are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), and in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a carboxylic ester group, such as e.g. a —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl group or a benzyl ester, can be readily converted into compounds of formula (I) by transforming group R^(5E) into group R⁵ as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), preferably by reacting with an alkali hydroxide, such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, preferably lithium hydroxide, in a mixture of water with THF and/or an aliphatic alcohol of the formula C₁-C₃-alkyl-OH, preferably methanol or ethanol, at a temperature between 0° C. and 100° C., and subsequent usual workup as known by the person skilled in the art and as for example disclosed in the experimental section.

Said compounds of general formula (I) may be obtained as free acids or converted into pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, such as alkali salts, e.g. sodium or potassium salts, earth alkali salts, e.g. magnesium or calcium salts, and ammonium salts, e.g. ammonium (NH₄ ⁺), diethylammonium (herein also referred to as N-ethylethanamine salts) or triethylammonium salts, by methods known to the person skilled in the art. Compounds of the invention featuring a basic nitrogen atom, such as some of those obtainable from macrocyclic intermediates of formula (He), can be isolated as salts with a counteranion of the basic nitrogen, such as trifluoroacetate, and the like, or as inner carboxylate salts. Further, compounds of formula (I) in which R⁵ represents a free carboxylic acid group can be optionally converted into an acylsulfonamide according to methods known to the person skilled in the art (see for example: Bioorg. Med Chem. Lett. 2006, 16, 3639-3641, Bioorg. Med Chem. Lett. 2012, 22, 713-717; Org. Lett. 2012, 14(2), 556-559).

Further, single enantiomers of said compounds of general formula (I) may be obtained by methods known to the person skilled in the art, such as preparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase, as described supra, and as exemplified in the Experimental Section, infra.

D. Synthesis Routes to Starting Materials of Formulae (VI) and (VII); Schemes 4a-4B:

As outlined in Schemes 4a and 4b below, several approaches, which are intended to illustrate but not to limit the synthetic routes available to the person skilled in the art for this purpose, can be followed in order to prepare starting materials of the formula (VI), as defined in the context of Scheme 1, supra, i.e. in which A′, together with the group R^(P1) attached to it, represents a group suitable to act as precursor of a group A as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), and in which FG², in combination with the group FG¹ present in formula (VII), represents a pair of functional groups together enabling a Suzuki coupling; either FG¹ represents bromo, iodo or a trifluoromethanesulfonyl- group and FG² represents a group —B(OR^(B))₂ as defined supra, or vice versa. Preferably, FG² represents bromo. Conversion of compounds, in which FG² represents bromo, into compounds in which FG² represents a group —B(OR^(B))₂, is possible on various steps of the outlined synthesis routes using methods well known to the person skilled in the art.

Scheme 4a illustrates the synthesis route enabling the preparation of compounds of formula (VI), in which A′ is derived from pyrazole, namely compounds of formulae (VIa) and (VIb), both of them constituting sub-compartments for formula (VI).

Said compounds of formulae (VIa) and (VIb) can be prepared from well-known α,γ-diketoesters of formula (XI), in which R⁹ is as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), and in which R^(E) represents a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, by reaction with hydrazines HN(R⁸)—NH₂, in which R⁸ is as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), to give regioisomeric mixtures of pyrazole derivatives of formulae (XIIa) and (XIIb), which can be separated on this step or on one of the steps described below. If unsubstituted hydrazine (R⁸═H) is used, R⁸ groups different from a hydrogen atom can be introduced into compounds of formulae (XIIa) and (XIIb) e.g. by suitable alkylating agents such as a C₁-C₆-alkyl halide or a di(C₁-C₆-alkyl)sulfate in the presence of a base, such as sodium carbonate, in a solvent such as dichloromethane or N,N-dimethylformamide.

Said pyrazole derivatives of formulae (XIIa) and (XIIb) can subsequently reacted with reagents suitable to introduce FG², such as N-halo succinimides or solutions of elemental halogens, to give pyrazole derivatives of formulae (XIIa) and (XIIIb); preferably, N-bromo succinimide in a halogenated hydrocarbon, such as 1,2-dichloroethane, as a solvent, or bromine in a solvent such as glacial acetic acid or a halogenated hydrocarbon, such as dichloromethane, can be used. Said pyrazole derivatives of formulae (XIIa) and (XIIIb) can be subsequently reduced by a suitable reducing agent not interfering with the groups FG², such as lithium borohydride, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, to give pyrazolyl methanols of formulae (VIa) and (VIb). Specific examples are given in the Experimental section, infra. It is readily recognised by the person skilled in the art that the —CH₂OH group present in said pyrazolyl methanols of formulae (VIa) and (VIb) can be converted in various other R^(P1) groups (see formula (VI)).

Scheme 4b illustrates synthesis routes enabling the preparation of compounds of formula (VI), in which A′ is derived from phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyridazinyl, namely compounds of formula (VIc), constituting yet another sub-compartment of formula (VI).

Starting from compounds of formula (XIV), in which R¹¹, R¹², and R¹³ are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), and wherein one or two of the groups selected from CR¹¹, CR¹² or CR¹³ may be replaced by a nitrogen atom, and in which FG², in combination with the group FG¹ present in formula (VII), represents a pair of functional groups together enabling a Suzuki coupling; either FG¹ represents bromo, iodo or a trifluoromethanesulfonyl- group and FG² represents a group —B(OR^(B))₂ as defined supra, or vice versa, and in which PG³ represents a protective group, compounds of formula (VIc), in which R^(P1) represents a hydroxy group, can be readily obtained. Likewise, compounds of formula (XV), in which R¹¹, R¹², and R¹³ are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), and wherein one or two of the groups selected from CR¹¹, CR¹² or CR¹³ may be replaced by a nitrogen atom, and in which FG², in combination with the group FG¹ present in formula (VII), represents a pair of functional groups together enabling a Suzuki coupling; either FG¹ represents bromo, iodo or a trifluoromethanesulfonyl- group and FG² represents a group —B(OR^(B))₂ as defined supra, or vice versa, and R^(E) represents a group —C₁-C₆-alkyl, can be converted into compounds of formula (VIc), in which R^(P1) represents a —CH₂—OH group, a —C(═O)H group, or a —CH₂-LG⁵ group, in which LG⁵ represents a leaving group, preferably bromo, in analogy to methods known to the person skilled in the art.

Compounds of formulae (XIV) and (XV) are commercially available, and known to the person skilled in the art, in considerable variety. Using known methods, groups R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ can be broadly modified using known methods at various stages of the synthesis. Protective groups as present in compounds of formula (XIV), and methods of their removal, are well known to the person skilled in the art, see e.g. T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4^(th) edition, Wiley 2006.

Indole based starting materials of formula (VII), in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and L are as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), in which R^(5E) represents a group suitable to act as a precursor of a —C(═O)OH or a tetrazol-5-yl group, preferably a group —C(═O)O—C₁₋₄-alkyl, and in which FG¹ represents bromo, iodo, a trifluoromethanesulfonyl- group or a group —B(OR^(B))₂, preferably a group —B(OR^(B))₂, can be prepared using methods well known to the person skilled in the art, see e.g. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2015, 58, 2180-2194. Said group —B(OR^(B))₂ may be a boronic acid moiety (R^(B)═—H) or an alkyl ester of the boronic acid, e.g. its isopropyl ester (R^(B)═C₁-C₄-alkyl, e.g. —CH(CH₃)₂), or an ester derived from a diol such as pinacol in which the boronic acid intermediate forms a cyclic boronic ester, preferably a 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (R^(B)—R^(B)═C₂-C₆-alkylene, preferably-C(CH₃)₂—C(CH₃)₂—). Alternatively to boronic acid derivatives, also tetrafluoroborates, in which —BF₄ ⁻ replaces the —B(OR^(B))₂ moiety, can also be employed.

Modification of any of the substituents, such as R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R^(5E), R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, R¹⁵, R^(P1) and R^(P2) can be achieved before and/or after the exemplified transformation. However, also other routes may be used to synthesise the target compounds, in accordance with common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art of organic synthesis. Also, suitable and optionally protected precursor groups of said substituents can be carried through the synthesis routes described in context of the Schemes above, to be elaborated into the actual substituents as defined for the general formula (I) on late stage, as exemplified in the Experimental Section below.

Said modifications can be such as the introduction of protective groups, cleavage of protective groups, reduction or oxidation of functional groups, formation or cleavage of esters or carboxamides, halogenation, metalation, substitution or other reactions known to a person skilled in the art. These transformations include those which introduce a functionality which allows for further interconversion of substituents. Appropriate protective groups and their introduction and cleavage are well-known to a person skilled in the art (see for example T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4^(th) edition, Wiley 2006). Further, it is possible that two or more successive steps may be performed without work-up being performed between said steps, e.g. a “one-pot” reaction, as it is well-known to a person skilled in the art.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a compound of general formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, said method comprising the step of reacting an intermediate compound of general formula (II):

-   -   wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁶, A and L are as defined for the         compound of general formula (I) according to any one of claims 1         to 5, and R^(5E) represents a carboxylic ester group or a benzyl         ester group,     -   with an alkali hydroxide in a mixture of water and THF and/or an         aliphatic alcohol of formula C₁-C₃-alkyl-OH, at a temperature         from 0° C. to 100° C.,     -   to transform the group R^(5E) into a group R⁵ as defined for the         compounds of general formula (I), and subsequently optionally to         convert the free acid group R⁵ into a pharmaceutically         acceptable salt thereof to obtain a compound of general formula         (I)

-   -   wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, A and L are as defined for the         compound of general formula (I) according to any one of claims 1         to 5 or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a hydrate, a         solvate, or a salt thereof, or a mixture of same and     -   optionally separating enantiomers by means of preparative HPLC         on a chiral stationary phase.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention covers a method of preparing compounds of general formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, said method comprising the step of reacting an intermediate compound of general formula (II)

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁶, A and L are as defined for the compound of general formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and R^(5E) represents a carboxylic ester group or a benzyl ester with an alkali hydroxide such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, preferably lithium hydroxide, in a mixture of water and THF and/or an aliphatic alcohol of the formula C₁-C₃-alkyl-OH, preferably methanol or ethanol, at a temperature from 0° C. to 100° C., preferably from 20° C. to 60° C., to transform the group R^(5E) into a group R⁵ as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), and subsequently optionally to convert the free acid group R⁵ into a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof to obtain a compound of general formula (I)

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, A and L are as defined for the compound of general formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, or a salt thereof, or a mixture of same and subsequently optionally separating enantiomers by means of preparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase.

The present invention provides methods of preparing compounds of the present invention of general formula (I), said methods comprising the steps as described in the Experimental Section herein.

In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention provides intermediate compounds which are useful for the preparation of the compounds of general formula (I), supra.

Particularly, the invention provides the intermediate compounds of general formula (II)

in which R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁶, A and L are as defined for the compound of general formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and R^(5E) represents a carboxylic ester group or a benzyl group.

In accordance with another aspect, the present invention provides the use of said intermediate compounds for the preparation of a compound of general formula (I) as defined supra.

In accordance with another aspect, the present invention provides a method of using the intermediate compound of general formula (II) for the preparation of a compound of general formula (I).

The present invention provides the intermediate compounds which are disclosed in the Example Section of this text, infra.

The present invention provides any sub-combination within any embodiment or aspect of the present invention of intermediate compounds of general formula (II), supra.

The compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention can be converted to any salt, preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as described herein, by any method which is known to the person skilled in the art. Similarly, any salt of a compound of general formula (I) of the present invention can be converted into the free compound, by any method which is known to the person skilled in the art.

Methods and Administration

Compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention demonstrate a valuable pharmacological spectrum of action and pharmacokinetic profile, both of which could not have been predicted. Compounds of the present invention have surprisingly been found to effectively inhibit MCL-1 activity, and it is possible therefore that said compounds can be used for the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases, preferably hyperproliferative disorders in humans and animals.

As used herein, “prophylaxis” includes a use of the compound that, in a statistical sample, reduces the occurrence of the disorder or condition in the treated sample relative to an untreated control sample, or delays the onset or reduces the severity of one or more symptoms of the disorder or condition relative to the untreated control sample, when administered to prior to the onset of the disorder or condition.

Compounds of the present invention can be utilized to inhibit, block, reduce, and/or decrease cell proliferation and/or cell division, and/or induce apoptosis. Disclosed methods include administering to a mammal in need thereof, including a human, an amount of a compound of general formula (I) of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, isomer, polymorph, metabolite, hydrate, solvate or ester thereof, which is effective to treat the disorder.

Hyperproliferative disorders include, but are not limited to, for example: psoriasis, keloids, and other hyperplasias affecting the skin, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), solid tumours, such as cancers of the breast, respiratory tract, brain, reproductive organs, digestive tract, urinary tract, eye, liver, skin, head and neck, thyroid, parathyroid and their distant metastases. Those disorders also include lymphomas, sarcomas, and leukemias.

Examples of breast cancers include, but are not limited to, invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, and lobular carcinoma in situ.

Examples of cancers of the respiratory tract include, but are not limited to, small-cell and non-small-cell lung carcinoma, as well as bronchial adenoma and pleuropulmonary blastoma.

Examples of brain cancers include, but are not limited to, brain stem and hypophtalmic glioma, cerebellar and cerebral astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, as well as neuroectodermal and pineal tumours.

Tumours of the male reproductive organs include, but are not limited to, prostate and testicular cancer.

Tumours of the female reproductive organs include, but are not limited to, endometrial, cervical, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancer, as well as sarcoma of the uterus.

Tumours of the digestive tract include, but are not limited to, anal, colon, colorectal, oesophageal, gallbladder, gastric, pancreatic, rectal, small-intestine, and salivary gland cancers.

Tumours of the urinary tract include, but are not limited to, bladder, penile, kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, urethral and human papillary renal cancers.

Eye cancers include, but are not limited to, intraocular melanoma and retinoblastoma.

Examples of liver cancers include, but are not limited to, hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cell carcinomas with or without fibrolamellar variant), cholangiocarcinoma (intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma), and mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma.

Skin cancers include, but are not limited to, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant melanoma, Merkel cell skin cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancer.

Head-and-neck cancers include, but are not limited to, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer and squamous cell.

Lymphomas include, but are not limited to, AIDS-related lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and lymphoma of the central nervous system.

Sarcomas include, but are not limited to, sarcoma of the soft tissue, osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, lymphosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma.

Leukemias include, but are not limited to, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia.

The present invention also provides methods of treating angiogenic disorders including diseases associated with excessive and/or abnormal angiogenesis.

Inappropriate and ectopic expression of angiogenesis can be deleterious to an organism. A number of pathological conditions are associated with the growth of extraneous blood vessels. These include, for example, diabetic retinopathy, ischemic retinal-vein occlusion, and retinopathy of prematurity [Aiello et al., New Engl. J. Med., 1994, 331, 1480; Peer et al., Lab. Invest., 1995, 72, 638], age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [Lopez et al., Invest. Opththalmol. Vis. Sci., 1996, 37, 855], neovascular glaucoma, psoriasis, retrolental fibroplasias, angiofibroma, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), restenosis, in-stent restenosis, and vascular graft restenosis. In addition, the increased blood supply associated with cancerous and neoplastic tissue encourages growth, leading to rapid tumour enlargement and metastasis. Moreover, the growth of new blood and lymph vessels in a tumour provides an escape route for rapidly dividing cells, encouraging metastasis and the consequence spread of the cancer. Thus, compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention can be utilized to treat and/or prevent any of the aforementioned angiogenesis disorders, for example by inhibiting and/or reducing blood vessel formation; by inhibiting, blocking, reducing, and/or decreasing endothelial cell proliferation, or other pathways involved in angiogenesis, as well as causing cell death or apoptosis of such cell types.

These disorders have been well characterized in humans, but also exist with a similar etiology in other mammals, and can be treated by administering pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.

By “subject” is meant a mammal, including, but not limited to, a human or non-human mammal, such as a bovine, equine, canine, ovine, or feline.

The term “treating” or “treatment” as stated throughout this document is used conventionally, for example the management or care of a subject for the purpose of combating, alleviating, reducing, relieving, and/or improving the condition of a disease or disorder, such as a carcinoma.

The compounds of the present invention can be used in particular in therapy and prevention, i.e., prophylaxis, of tumour growth and metastases, especially in solid tumours of all indications and stages with or without pre-treatment of the tumour growth.

Generally, the use of chemotherapeutic agents and/or anti-cancer agents in combination with a compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention will serve to:

-   -   1. yield better efficacy in reducing the growth of a tumour or         even eliminate the tumour as compared to administration of         either agent alone,     -   2. provide for the administration of lesser amounts of the         administered chemotherapeutic agents,     -   3. provide for a chemotherapeutic treatment that is well         tolerated in the patient with fewer deleterious pharmacological         complications than observed with single agent chemotherapies and         certain other combined therapies,     -   4. provide for treating a broader spectrum of different cancer         types in mammals, especially humans,     -   5. provide for a higher response rate among treated patients,     -   6. provide for a longer survival time among treated patients         compared to standard chemotherapy treatments,     -   7. provide a longer time for tumour progression, and/or     -   8. yield efficacy and tolerability results at least as good as         those of the agents used alone, compared to known instances         where other cancer agent combinations produce antagonistic         effects.

In addition, the compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention can also be used in combination with radiotherapy and/or surgical intervention.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention may be used to sensitize a cell to radiation, i.e., treatment of a cell with a compound of the present invention prior to radiation treatment of the cell renders the cell more susceptible to DNA damage and cell death than the cell would be in the absence of any treatment with a compound of the present invention. In some embodiments, the cell is treated with at least one compound of general formula (I) of the present invention.

Thus, the present invention also provides a method of killing a cell, wherein a cell is administered one or more compounds of the present invention in combination with conventional radiation therapy.

The present invention also provides a method of rendering a cell more susceptible to cell death, wherein the cell is treated with one or more compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention prior to the treatment of the cell to cause or induce cell death. In some embodiments, after the cell is treated with one or more compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention, the cell is treated with at least one compound, or at least one method, or a combination thereof, in order to cause DNA damage for the purpose of inhibiting the function of the normal cell or killing the cell.

In other embodiments of the present invention, a cell is killed by treating the cell with at least one DNA damaging agent, i.e., after treating a cell with one or more compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention to sensitize the cell to cell death, the cell is treated with at least one DNA damaging agent to kill the cell. DNA damaging agents useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., cis platin), ionizing radiation (X-rays, ultraviolet radiation), carcinogenic agents, and mutagenic agents.

In other embodiments, a cell is killed by treating the cell with at least one method to cause or induce DNA damage. Such methods include, but are not limited to, activation of a cell signalling pathway that results in DNA damage when the pathway is activated, inhibiting of a cell signalling pathway that results in DNA damage when the pathway is inhibited, and inducing a biochemical change in a cell, wherein the change results in DNA damage. By way of a non-limiting example, a DNA repair pathway in a cell can be inhibited, thereby preventing the repair of DNA damage and resulting in an abnormal accumulation of DNA damage in a cell.

In some embodiments, a compound of general formula (I) of the present invention is administered to a cell prior to the radiation or other induction of DNA damage in the cell. In some embodiments, a compound of general formula (I) of the present invention is administered to a cell concomitantly with the radiation or other induction of DNA damage in the cell. In some embodiments, a compound of general formula (I) of the present invention is administered to a cell immediately after radiation or other induction of DNA damage in the cell has begun.

In some embodiments, the cell is in vitro. In some embodiments, the cell is in vivo.

Thus in some embodiments, the present invention includes a method of inhibiting proliferation of a cell and/or the induction of apoptosis in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1-6.

Another aspect of the invention is a method for controlling cancer (e.g., through treatment and/or prophylaxis) in a subject (e.g., human, other mammal, such as rat, etc.) by administering an effective amount of at least one compound of general formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, polymorph, metabolite, hydrate, solvate or ester thereof to the subject.

In some embodiments, the subject may be administered a medicament, comprising at least one compound of general formula (I) and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, and/or diluents.

Furthermore in some embodiments, the present invention includes a method of using a compound of general formula (I) for the treatment of diseases.

Particularly in some embodiments, the present invention includes a method of treating a hyperproliferative disease, more particularly cancer, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound of general formula (I) according to any one of claims 1-6.

In some embodiments, the method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of a hyperproliferative disorder in a subject may comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of general formula (I). The hyperproliferative disorder may be, for example, cancer (e.g., breast cancer; esophageal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma; and multiple myeloma, etc.).

A method of inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity in a cancer cell is also provided, wherein the method comprises contacting a cancer cell with a compound of general formula (I). The cancer cell may be in vitro or in vivo.

Furthermore in some embodiments, the present invention includes a method of treating cancer, particularly breast cancer; esophageal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma; and multiple myeloma comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1-6.

Furthermore in some embodiments, the present invention includes a method of treating cancer, particularly multiple myeloma, acute monocytic leukemia, melanoma and lung cancer, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1-6.

In some embodiments the present invention provides for compounds of general formula (I) for use in a method of treating cancer, particularly where the cancer disease is breast cancer; esophageal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma and multiple myeloma; and multiple myeloma.

Furthermore in some embodiments, the present invention includes a method of treating cancer, particularly breast cancer; esophageal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma; and multiple myeloma comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1-6.

Furthermore in some embodiments, the present invention includes a method of treating cancer, particularly breast cancer; esophageal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer; lymphoma including non-Hodgkin-lymphoma type, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtype including GC-DLBCL* and ABC-DLBCL** subtypes, and mantle cell lymphoma; acute leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia type, acute monocytic leukemia; melanoma; multiple myeloma; ovarian cancer; pancreas cancer. GC-DLBCL means Germinal B-cell Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and **ABC-DLBCL means Activated B-cell Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1-6.

Furthermore in some embodiments, the present invention includes a method of treating cancer, particularly breast cancer; esophageal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer; lymphoma, melanoma; and multiple myeloma comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1-6. Furthermore in accordance with another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) for use of treating diseases.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes a compound of general formula (I) for use in a method of inhibiting proliferation of a cell and/or the induction of apoptosis in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1-6.

Furthermore in some embodiments, the present invention includes a method of treating [lymphoma] in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I).

Particularly in some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of general formula (I) for use in a method of treating a hyperproliferative disease, more particularly wherein the hyperproliferative disease is cancer, and yet even more particularly wherein the cancer disease is breast cancer; esophageal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma and multiple myeloma.

In yet some embodiments, the present invention includes compounds of general formula (I) for use in a method of treating a hyperproliferative disease, more particularly wherein the hyperproliferative disease is cancer, and yet even more particularly wherein the cancer disease is breast cancer; esophageal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer; lymphoma including non-Hodgkin-lymphoma type, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtype including GC-DLBCL* and ABC-DLBCL** subtypes, and mantle cell lymphoma; acute leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia type, acute monocytic leukemia; melanoma; multiple myeloma; ovarian cancer; pancreas cancer. GC-DLBCL means Germinal B-cell Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and **ABC-DLBCL means Activated B-cell Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

In some embodiments, the present invention includes use of the compounds of general formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disease, particularly cancer and more particularly breast cancer; esophageal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma; and multiple myeloma.

It is possible for the compounds according to the invention to have systemic and/or local activity. For this purpose, they can be administered in a suitable manner, such as, for example, via the oral, parenteral, pulmonary, nasal, sublingual, lingual, buccal, rectal, vaginal, dermal, transdermal, conjunctival, or otic route or as an implant or stent.

For these administration routes, it is possible for the compounds according to the invention to be administered in suitable administration forms.

For oral administration, it is possible to formulate the compounds according to the invention into dosage forms known in the art that deliver the compounds of the invention rapidly and/or in a modified manner, such as, for example, tablets (uncoated or coated tablets, for example with enteric or controlled release coatings that dissolve with a delay or are insoluble), orally-disintegrating tablets, films/wafers, films/lyophylisates, capsules (for example hard or soft gelatin capsules), sugar-coated tablets, granules, pellets, powders, emulsions, suspensions, aerosols or solutions. It is possible to incorporate the compounds according to the invention in crystalline and/or amorphous and/or dissolved form into said dosage forms.

Parenteral administration can be effected with avoidance of an absorption step (for example intravenous, intraarterial, intracardial, intraspinal or intralumbal) or with inclusion of absorption (for example intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracutaneous, percutaneous or intraperitoneal). Administration forms which are suitable for parenteral administration are, inter alia, preparations for injection and infusion in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, lyophylisates or sterile powders.

Examples which are suitable for other administration routes are pharmaceutical forms for inhalation (inter alia powder inhalers, nebulizers), nasal drops, nasal solutions, nasal sprays; tablets/films/wafers/capsules for lingual, sublingual or buccal administration; suppositories; eye drops, eye ointments, eye baths, ocular inserts, ear drops, ear sprays, ear powders, ear-rinses, ear tampons; vaginal capsules, aqueous suspensions (lotions, mixturae agitandae), lipophilic suspensions, emulsions, ointments, creams, transdermal therapeutic systems (such as, for example, patches), milk, pastes, foams, dusting powders, implants or stents.

The compounds according to the invention can be incorporated into the stated administration forms. This can be effected in a manner known per se by mixing with pharmaceutically suitable excipients. Pharmaceutically suitable excipients include, inter alia,

-   -   fillers and carriers (for example, cellulose, microcrystalline         cellulose (such as, for example, Avicel®), lactose, mannitol,         starch, calcium phosphate (such as, for example, Di-Cafos®)),     -   ointment bases (for example petroleum jelly, paraffins,         triglycerides, waxes, wool wax, wool wax alcohols, lanolin,         hydrophilic ointment, polyethylene glycols),     -   bases for suppositories (for example, polyethylene glycols,         cacao butter, hard fat),     -   solvents (for example, water, ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol,         propylene glycol, medium chain-length triglycerides, fatty oils,         liquid polyethylene glycols, paraffins),     -   surfactants, emulsifiers, dispersants or wetters (for example,         sodium dodecyl sulfate), lecithin, phospholipids, fatty alcohols         (such as, for example, Lanette®), sorbitan fatty acid esters         (such as, for example, Span®), polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty         acid esters (such as, for example, Tween®), polyoxyethylene         fatty acid glycerides (such as, for example, Cremophor®),         polyoxethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol         ethers, glycerol fatty acid esters, poloxamers (such as, for         example, Pluronic®),     -   buffers, acids and bases (for example, phosphates, carbonates,         citric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide         solution, ammonium carbonate, trometamol, triethanolamine),     -   isotonicity agents (for example, glucose, sodium chloride),     -   adsorbents (for example, highly-disperse silicas),     -   viscosity-increasing agents, gel formers, thickeners and/or         binders (for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose,         hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxy propyl-cellulose,         carboxymethylcellulose-sodium, starch, carbomers, polyacrylic         acids (such as, for example, Carbopol®); alginates, gelatin),     -   disintegrants (for example, modified starch,         carboxymethylcellulose-sodium, sodium starch glycolate (such as,         for example, Explotab®), cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone,         croscarmellose-sodium (such as, for example, AcDiSol®)),     -   flow regulators, lubricants, glidants and mould release agents         (for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc,         highly-disperse silicas (such as, for example, Aerosil®)),     -   coating materials (for example, sugar, shellac) and film formers         for films or diffusion membranes which dissolve rapidly or in a         modified manner (for example, polyvinylpyrrolidones (such as,         for example, Kollidon®), polyvinyl alcohol,         hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose,         ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate,         cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, polyacrylates,         polymethacrylates such as, for example, Eudragit®)),     -   capsule materials (for example, gelatin,         hydroxypropylmethylcellulose),     -   synthetic polymers (for example, polylactides, polyglycolides,         polyacrylates, polymethacrylates (such as, for example,         Eudragit®), polyvinylpyrrolidones (such as, for example,         Kollidon®), polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates, polyethylene         oxides, polyethylene glycols and their copolymers and         blockcopolymers),     -   plasticizers (for example, polyethylene glycols, propylene         glycol, glycerol, triacetine, triacetyl citrate, dibutyl         phthalate),     -   penetration enhancers,     -   stabilisers (for example, antioxidants such as, for example,         ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, sodium ascorbate,         butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluene, propyl gallate),     -   preservatives (for example, parabens, sorbic acid, thiomersal,         benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine acetate, sodium benzoate),     -   colourants (for example, inorganic pigments such as, for         example, iron oxides, titanium dioxide), and     -   flavourings, sweeteners, flavour- and/or odour-masking agents.

The present invention furthermore relates to a pharmaceutical composition which comprise at least one compound according to the invention, conventionally together with one or more pharmaceutically suitable excipient(s), and to their use according to the present invention.

In some embodiments, the present invention includes pharmaceutical combinations, in particular medicaments, comprising at least one compound of general formula (I) of the present invention and at least one or more further active ingredients, in particular for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a hyperproliferative disorder, particularly cancer.

Particularly, the present invention includes a pharmaceutical combination, which comprises:

-   -   one or more first active ingredients, in particular compounds of         general formula (I) as defined supra, and     -   one or more further active ingredients, in particular for the         treatment and/or prophylaxis of hyperproliferative disorder,         particularly cancer.

The term “combination” in the present invention is used as known to persons skilled in the art, it being possible for said combination to be a fixed combination, a non-fixed combination or a kit-of-parts.

A “fixed combination” in the present invention is used as known to persons skilled in the art and is defined as a combination wherein, for example, a first active ingredient, such as one or more compounds of general formula (I) of the present invention, and a further active ingredient are present together in one unit dosage or in one single entity. One example of a “fixed combination” is a pharmaceutical composition wherein a first active ingredient and a further active ingredient are present in admixture for simultaneous administration, such as in a formulation. Another example of a “fixed combination” is a pharmaceutical combination wherein a first active ingredient and a further active ingredient are present in one unit without being in admixture.

A non-fixed combination or “kit-of-parts” in the present invention is used as known to persons skilled in the art and is defined as a combination wherein a first active ingredient and a further active ingredient are present in more than one unit. One example of a non-fixed combination or kit-of-parts is a combination wherein the first active ingredient and the further active ingredient are present separately. It is possible for the components of the non-fixed combination or kit-of-parts to be administered separately, sequentially, simultaneously, concurrently or chronologically staggered.

The compounds of the present invention can be administered as the sole pharmaceutical agent, or in combination with one or more other pharmaceutically active ingredients where the combination causes no unacceptable adverse effects. The present invention also includes such pharmaceutical combinations. For example, the compounds of the present invention can be combined with known anti-cancer agents.

Examples of anti-cancer agents include:

131I-chTNT, abarelix, abemaciclib, abiraterone, acalabrutinib, aclarubicin, adalimumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, afatinib, aflibercept, aldesleukin, alectinib, alemtuzumab, alendronic acid, alitretinoin, altretamine, amifostine, aminoglutethimide, hexyl aminolevulinate, amrubicin, amsacrine, anastrozole, ancestim, anethole dithiolethione, anetumab ravtansine, angiotensin II, antithrombin III, apalutamide, aprepitant, arcitumomab, arglabin, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase, atezolizumab, avelumab, axicabtagene ciloleucel, axitinib, azacitidine, basiliximab, belotecan, bendamustine, besilesomab, belinostat, bevacizumab, bexarotene, bicalutamide, bisantrene, bleomycin, blinatumomab, bortezomib, bosutinib, buserelin, brentuximab vedotin, brigatinib, busulfan, cabazitaxel, cabozantinib, calcitonine, calcium folinate, calcium levofolinate, capecitabine, capromab, carbamazepine carboplatin, carboquone, carfilzomib, carmofur, carmustine, catumaxomab, celecoxib, celmoleukin, ceritinib, cetuximab, chlorambucil, chlormadinone, chlormethine, cidofovir, cinacalcet, cisplatin, cladribine, clodronic acid, clofarabine, cobimetinib, copanlisib, crisantaspase, crizotinib, cyclophosphamide, cyproterone, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, daratumumab, darbepoetin alfa, dabrafenib, dasatinib, daunorubicin, decitabine, degarelix, denileukin diftitox, denosumab, depreotide, deslorelin, dianhydrogalactitol, dexrazoxane, dibrospidium chloride, dianhydrogalactitol, diclofenac, dinutuximab, docetaxel, dolasetron, doxifluridine, doxorubicin, doxorubicin+estrone, dronabinol, durvalumab, eculizumab, edrecolomab, elliptinium acetate, elotuzumab, eltrombopag, enasidenib, endostatin, enocitabine, enzalutamide, epirubicin, epitiostanol, epoetin alfa, epoetin beta, epoetin zeta, eptaplatin, eribulin, erlotinib, esomeprazole, estradiol, estramustine, ethinylestradiol, etoposide, everolimus, exemestane, fadrozole, fentanyl, filgrastim, fluoxymesterone, floxuridine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, flutamide, folinic acid, formestane, fosaprepitant, fotemustine, fulvestrant, gadobutrol, gadoteridol, gadoteric acid meglumine, gadoversetamide, gadoxetic acid, gallium nitrate, ganirelix, gefitinib, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab, Glucarpidase, glutoxim, GM-CSF, goserelin, granisetron, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, histamine dihydrochloride, histrelin, hydroxycarbamide, 1-125 seeds, lansoprazole, ibandronic acid, ibritumomab tiuxetan, ibrutinib, idarubicin, ifosfamide, imatinib, imiquimod, improsulfan, indisetron, incadronic acid, ingenol mebutate, inotuzumab ozogamicin, interferon alfa, interferon beta, interferon gamma, iobitridol, iobenguane (123I), iomeprol, ipilimumab, irinotecan, Itraconazole, ixabepilone, ixazomib, lanreotide, lansoprazole, lapatinib, lasocholine, lenalidomide, lenvatinib, lenograstim, lentinan, letrozole, leuprorelin, levamisole, levonorgestrel, levothyroxine sodium, lisuride, lobaplatin, lomustine, lonidamine, lutetium Lu 177 dotatate, masoprocol, medroxyprogesterone, megestrol, melarsoprol, melphalan, mepitiostane, mercaptopurine, mesna, methadone, methotrexate, methoxsalen, methylaminolevulinate, methylprednisolone, methyltestosterone, metirosine, midostaurin, mifamurtide, miltefosine, miriplatin, mitobronitol, mitoguazone, mitolactol, mitomycin, mitotane, mitoxantrone, mogamulizumab, molgramostim, mopidamol, morphine hydrochloride, morphine sulfate, mvasi, nabilone, nabiximols, nafarelin, naloxone+pentazocine, naltrexone, nartograstim, necitumumab, nedaplatin, nelarabine, neratinib, neridronic acid, netupitant/palonosetron, nivolumab, pentetreotide, nilotinib, nilutamide, nimorazole, nimotuzumab, nimustine, nintedanib, niraparib, nitracrine, nivolumab, obinutuzumab, octreotide, ofatumumab, olaparib, olaratumab, omacetaxine mepesuccinate, omeprazole, ondansetron, oprelvekin, orgotein, orilotimod, osimertinib, oxaliplatin, oxycodone, oxymetholone, ozogamicine, p53 gene therapy, paclitaxel, palbociclib, palifermin, palladium-103 seed, palonosetron, pamidronic acid, panitumumab, panobinostat, pantoprazole, pazopanib, pegaspargase, PEG-epoetin beta (methoxy PEG-epoetin beta), pembrolizumab, pegfilgrastim, peginterferon alfa-2b, pembrolizumab, pemetrexed, pentazocine, pentostatin, peplomycin, Perflubutane, perfosfamide, Pertuzumab, picibanil, pilocarpine, pirarubicin, pixantrone, plerixafor, plicamycin, poliglusam, polyestradiol phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone+sodium hyaluronate, polysaccharide-K, pomalidomide, ponatinib, porfimer sodium, pralatrexate, prednimustine, prednisone, procarbazine, procodazole, propranolol, quinagolide, rabeprazole, racotumomab, radium-223 chloride, radotinib, raloxifene, raltitrexed, ramosetron, ramucirumab, ranimustine, rasburicase, razoxane, refametinib, regorafenib, ribociclib, risedronicacid, rhenium-186 etidronate, rituximab, rolapitant, romidepsin, romiplostim, romurtide, rucaparib, samarium (153Sm) lexidronam, sargramostim, sarilumab, satumomab, secretin, siltuximab, sipuleucel-T, sizofiran, sobuzoxane, sodium glycididazole, sonidegib, sorafenib, stanozolol, streptozocin, sunitinib, talaporfin, talimogene laherparepvec, tamibarotene, tamoxifen, tapentadol, tasonermin, teceleukin, technetium (99mTc) nofetumomab merpentan, 99mTc-HYNIC-[Tyr3]-octreotide, tegafur, tegafur+gimeracil+oteracil, temoporfin, temozolomide, temsirolimus, teniposide, testosterone, tetrofosmin, thalidomide, thiotepa, thymalfasin, thyrotropin alfa, tioguanine, tisagenlecleucel, tocilizumab, topotecan, toremifene, tositumomab, trabectedin, trametinib, tramadol, trastuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine, treosulfan, tretinoin, trifluridine+tipiracil, trilostane, triptorelin, trametinib, trofosfamide, thrombopoietin, tryptophan, ubenimex, valatinib, valrubicin, vandetanib, vapreotide, vemurafenib, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinflunine, vinorelbine, vismodegib, vorinostat, vorozole, yttrium-90 glass microspheres, zinostatin, zinostatin stimalamer, zoledronic acid, zorubicin.

Based upon standard laboratory techniques known to evaluate compounds useful for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases, by standard toxicity tests and by standard pharmacological assays for the determination of treatment of the conditions identified above in mammals, and by comparison of these results with the results of known active ingredients or medicaments that are used to treat these conditions, the effective dosage of the compounds of the present invention can readily be determined for treatment of each desired indication. The amount of the active ingredient to be administered in the treatment of one of these conditions can vary widely according to such considerations as the particular compound and dosage unit employed, the mode of administration, the period of treatment, the age and sex of the patient treated, and the nature and extent of the condition treated.

The total amount of the active ingredient to be administered will generally range from about 0.001 mg/kg to about 200 mg/kg body weight per day, and preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 40 mg/kg body weight per day. Clinically useful dosing schedules will range from one to three times a day dosing to once every four weeks dosing. In addition, it is possible for “drug holidays”, in which a patient is not dosed with a drug for a certain period of time, to be beneficial to the overall balance between pharmacological effect and tolerability. It is possible for a unit dosage to contain from about 0.5 mg to about 3000 mg of active ingredient, and can be administered one or more times per day or less than once a day. The average daily dosage for administration by injection, including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and parenteral injections, and use of infusion techniques will preferably be from about 0.01 to about 200 mg/kg of total body weight. The average daily rectal dosage regimen will preferably be from about 0.01 to about 200 mg/kg of total body weight. The average daily vaginal dosage regimen will preferably be from about 0.01 to about 200 mg/kg of total body weight. The average daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from about 0.1 to about 200 mg administered between one to four times daily. The transdermal concentration will preferably be that required to maintain a daily dose of from about 0.01 to about 200 mg/kg. The average daily inhalation dosage regimen will preferably be from about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg of total body weight.

In one embodiment the average daily dosage for administration by injection, including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and parenteral injections, and use of infusion techniques will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight. The average daily rectal dosage regimen will preferably be from abut 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight. The average daily vaginal dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg of total body weight. The average daily topical dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.1 to 200 mg administered between one to four times daily. The transdermal concentration will preferably be that required to maintain a daily dose of from 0.01 to 200 mg/kg. The average daily inhalation dosage regimen will preferably be from 0.01 to 100 mg/kg of total body weight.

Of course the specific initial and continuing dosage regimen for each patient will vary according to the nature and severity of the condition as determined by the attending diagnostician, the activity of the specific compound employed, the age and general condition of the patient, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion of the drug, drug combinations, and the like. The desired mode of treatment and number of doses of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester or composition thereof can be ascertained by those skilled in the art using conventional treatment tests.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Experimental Section—NMR Spectra

To the extent NMR peak forms and multiplicities are specified, they are stated as they appear in the spectra, possible higher order effects have not been considered.

The ¹H-NMR data of selected examples are listed in the form of ¹H-NMR peaklists. For each signal peak the δ value in ppm is given, followed by the signal intensity, reported in round brackets. The δ value-signal intensity pairs from different peaks are separated by commas. Therefore, a peaklist is described by the general form: δ₁ (intensity₁), δ₂ (intensity₂), . . . , δ_(i) (intensity_(i)), . . . , δ_(n) (intensity_(n)).

The intensity of a sharp signal correlates with the height (in cm) of the signal in a printed NMR spectrum. When compared with other signals, this data can be correlated to the real ratios of the signal intensities. In the case of broad signals, more than one peak, or the center of the signal along with their relative intensity, compared to the most intense signal displayed in the spectrum, are shown. A ¹H-NMR peaklist is similar to a classical ¹H-NMR readout, and thus usually contains all the peaks listed in a classical NMR interpretation. Moreover, similar to classical ¹H-NMR printouts, peaklists can show solvent signals, signals derived from stereoisomers of target compounds (also the subject of the invention), and/or peaks of impurities. The peaks of stereoisomers, and/or peaks of impurities are typically displayed with a lower intensity compared to the peaks of the target compounds (e.g., with a purity of >90%). Such stereoisomers and/or impurities may be typical for the particular manufacturing process, and therefore their peaks may help to identify the reproduction of our manufacturing process on the basis of “by-product fingerprints”. An expert who calculates the peaks of the target compounds by known methods (MestReC, ACD simulation, or by use of empirically evaluated expectation values), can isolate the peaks of target compounds as required, optionally using additional intensity filters. Such an operation would be similar to peak-picking in classical ¹H-NMR interpretation. A detailed description of the reporting of NMR data in the form of peaklists can be found in the publication “Citation of NMR Peaklist Data within Patent Applications” (cf. Research Disclosure Database Number 605005, 2014, 1 Aug. 2014, or http://www.researchdisclosure.com/searching-disclosures). In the peak picking routine, as described in the Research Disclosure Database Number 605005, the parameter “MinimumHeight” can be adjusted between 1% and 4%. Depending on the chemical structure and/or depending on the concentration of the measured compound it may be reasonable to set the parameter “MinimumHeight”<1%.

Experimental Section—Abbreviations

The following table lists the abbreviations used in this paragraph and in the Intermediates and Examples section as far as they are not explained within the text body. Other abbreviations have their meanings customary per se to the skilled person. A comprehensive list of the abbreviations utilized by organic chemists of ordinary skill in the art appears presented in the first issue of each volume of the Journal of Organic Chemistry; this list is typically presented in a table titled “Standard List of Abbreviations”. In case of doubt, the abbreviations and/or their meaning according to the following table shall prevail.

TABLE 1 Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning br. broad signal (NMR) BPR Back Pressure Regulator d doublet (NMR) DAD Diode array detector dd doublet of doublet (NMR) dt doublet of triplet (NMR) DMF N,N-dimethylformamide DMSO dimethylsulfoxide EDC N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N′- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride ESI electrospray (ES) ionisation h, hr (hrs) hour(s) HCl hydrogen chloride, hydrochloric acid HPLC high performance liquid chromatography LC-MS liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry m multiplet (NMR) min minute(s) MS mass spectrometry MWD Multiple wavelength detector NHS N-hydroxysuccinimide NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: chemical shifts (δ) are given in ppm. The chemical shifts were corrected by setting the DMSO signal to 2.50 ppm using dmso-d6 unless otherwise stated. q quartet (NMR) rt room temperature R_(t), Rt retention time s singulet (NMR) SFC Supercritical Fluid Chromatography t triplet (NMR) td triplet of doublet (NMR) TFA trifluoroacetic acid THF tetrahydrofuran TLC thin layer chromatography UPLC ultra performance liquid chromatography UV ultraviolet tt triplet of triplet (NMR) δ chemical shift XPhos Pd G2 chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′- triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino- 1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) (Cas No: 1310584-14-5) XPhos Pd G3 (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl- 1,1′-biphenyl)[2-(2′-amino-1,1′- biphenyl)]palladium(II)methanesulfonate (Cas No: 1445085-55-1)

Other abbreviations have their meanings customary per se to the skilled person.

The various aspects of the invention described in this application are illustrated by the following examples which are not meant to limit the invention in any way.

The example testing experiments described herein serve to illustrate the present invention and the invention is not limited to the examples given.

Experimental Section—General Part

All reagents, for which the synthesis is not described in the experimental part, are either commercially available, or are known compounds or may be formed from known compounds by known methods by a person skilled in the art. Reactions were set up and started, e.g. by the addition of reagents, at temperatures as specified in the protocols; if no temperature is specified, the respective working step was performed at ambient temperature, i.e. between 18 and 25° C.

“Silicone filter” or “water resistant filter” refers to filter papers which are made hydrophobic (impermeable to water) by impregnation with a silicone. With the aid of these filters, water can be separated from water-immiscible organic solvents by means of a filtration (i.e. filter paper type MN 617 WA, Macherey-Nagel).

The compounds and intermediates produced according to the methods of the invention may require purification. Purification of organic compounds is well known to the person skilled in the art and there may be several ways of purifying the same compound. In some cases, no purification may be necessary. In some cases, the compounds may be purified by crystallization. In some cases, impurities may be removed by trituration using a suitable solvent or solvent mixture. In some cases, the compounds may be purified by chromatography, particularly flash column chromatography, using for example prepacked silica gel cartridges, e.g. Biotage SNAP cartridges KP-Sil® or KP-NH® in combination with a Biotage autopurifier system (SP4® or Isolera Four®) and eluents such as gradients of hexane/ethyl acetate or DCM/ethanol. In flash column chromatography, unmodified (“regular”) silica gel may be used as well as aminophase functionalized silica gel. As used herein, “Biotage SNAP cartridge silica” refers to the use of regular silica gel; “Biotage SNAP cartridge NH₂ silica” refers to the use of aminophase functionalized silica gel. If reference is made to flash column chromatography or to flash chromatography in the experimental section without specification of a stationary phase, regular silica gel was used. Further, column chromatography can also be used advantageously in the reversed-phase mode, using materials such as C18 siliga gel as stationary phase, and using eluents such as gradients of water and acetonitrile which may contain additives such as trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, diethylamine or aqueous ammonia. If reference is made to reversed phase column chromatography in the experimental section without specification of a stationary phase, C18 siliga gel was used.

In some cases, the compounds may be purified by preparative HPLC using for example a Waters autopurifier equipped with a diode array detector and/or on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometer in combination with a suitable prepacked reverse phase column and eluents such as gradients of water and acetonitrile which may contain additives such as trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, diethylamine or aqueous ammonia.

In some cases, purification methods as described above can provide those compounds of the present invention which possess a sufficiently basic or acidic functionality in the form of a salt, such as, in the case of a compound of the present invention which is sufficiently basic, a trifluoroacetate or formate salt for example, or, in the case of a compound of the present invention which is sufficiently acidic, an ammonium salt for example. A salt of this type can either be transformed into its free base or free acid form, respectively, by various methods known to the person skilled in the art, or be used as salts in subsequent biological assays. It is to be understood that the specific form (e.g. salt, free base etc.) of a compound of the present invention as isolated and as described herein is not necessarily the only form in which said compound can be applied to a biological assay in order to quantify the specific biological activity.

UPLC-MS Standard Procedures

Analytical UPLC-MS was performed as described below. The masses (m/z) are reported from the positive mode electrospray ionisation unless the negative mode is indicated (ESI−).

Analytical UPLC Methods:

Method 1:

Instrument: Waters Acquity UPLCMS SingleQuad; Column: Acquity UPLC BEH C18 1.7 μm, 50×2.1 mm; eluent A: water+0.1 vol % formic acid (99%), eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0-1.6 min 1-99% B, 1.6-2.0 min 99% B; flow 0.8 mL/min; temperature: 60° C.; DAD scan: 210-400 nm.

Method 2:

Instrument: Waters Acquity UPLCMS SingleQuad; Column: Acquity UPLC BEH C18 1.7 μm, 50×2.1 mm; eluent A: water+0.2 vol % aqueous ammonia (32%), eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0-1.6 min 1-99% B, 1.6-2.0 min 99% B; flow 0.8 mL/min; temperature: 60° C.; DAD scan: 210-400 nm.

Method 3:

Column: CSH C18 1.7 μm 2.1×50 mm, Waters Acquity Binary pump (Flow 0.8 mL/min), Waters Acquity Autosampler, Waters Acquity QDA, Waters Acquity PDA, Run Time: 4.60 mins, Solvents: A) 0.1% formic acid in water, B) Acetonitrile+0.1% formic acid, Gradient: 2-95% B in 4.00 mins, hold at 95% B 4.60 min

Preparative HPLC Methods:

Method P1:

Instrument: pump: Labomatic HD-5000 or HD-3000, head HDK 280, lowpressure gradient module ND-B1000; manual injection valve: Rheodyne 3725i038; detector: Knauer Azura UVD 2.15; collector: Labomatic Labocol Vario-4000; column: Chromatorex RP C-1810 μm, 125×30 mm; Eluent acidic: solvent A: water+0.1 vol-% formic acid, solvent B: acetonitrile; 0.00-0.50 min 30% B (150 mL/min), 0.50-6.00 min 30-70% B (150 mL/min), 6.00-6.10 min 70-100% B (150 mL/min), 6.10-8.00 min 100% B (150 mL/min)

Method P2:

Instrument: Pump: Labomatic HD-5000 or HD-3000, Head HDK 280, low pressure gradient module ND-B1000; Manual injection valve: Rheodyne 3725i038; Detector: Knauer Azura UVD 2.15; Collector: Labomatic Labocol Vario-4000; Column: Chromatorex RP C-1810 μm, 125×30 mm; solvent A: water+0.1 vol-% formic acid, solvent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0.00-0.50 min 65% B (150 mL/min), 0.50-6.00 min 65-100% B (150 mL/min), 6.00-8.00 min 100% B (150 mL/min), UV-Detection.

Method P3:

Instrument: pump: Labomatic HD-5000 or HD-3000, head HDK 280, lowpressure gradient module ND-B1000; manual injection valve: Rheodyne 3725i038; detector: Knauer Azura UVD 2.15; collector: Labomatic Labocol Vario-4000; column: Chromatorex RP C-1810 μm, 125×30 mm; Eluent basic: solvent A: water+0.2 vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%), solvent B: acetonitrile; 0.00-0.50 min 15% B (150 mL/min), 0.50-6.00 min 15-55% B (150 mL/min), 6.00-6.10 min 55-100% B (150 mL/min), 6.10-8.00 min 100% B (150 mL/min)

Specific Optial Rotation Methods:

Method O1:

Instrument: JASCO P2000 Polarimeter; wavelength 589 nm; temperature: 20° C.; integration time 10 s; path length 100 mm.

INTERMEDIATES Intermediate 1 tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)methylcarbamate

Tert-butyl (4-hydroxybutyl)methylcarbamate (CAS 99207-32-6, 10.6 g, 95% purity, 49.3 mmol) and triphenylphosphane (17.5 g, 66.6 mmol) were provided in 200 mL of dichloromethane at 0° C. and tetrabromomethane (21.5 g, 64.1 mmol) was added slowly and in portions. The mixture was stirred overnight at rt and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with hexane, the solid material was isolated by filtration and dried under reduced pressure to give the title compound (15.5 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.388 (16.00), 2.748 (0.68), 3.157 (0.57), 3.174 (1.09), 3.192 (0.55), 3.532 (0.81), 3.549 (1.66), 3.565 (0.80), 7.698 (1.28).

Intermediate 2 di-tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)-2-imidodicarbonate

Di-tert-butyl 2-imidodicarbonate (CAS 51779-32-9, 27.0 g, 124 mmol) was solved in 510 mL DMF and 500 mL THF and sodium hydride (4.97 g, 60% purity, 124 mmol) was added portionswise to the reaction mixture. After complete addition it was stirred at 65° C. for 2 hours. Then it was cooled to rt and 1,4-dibromobutane (CAS 110-52-1.65 mL, 550 mmol) was added dropwise into the reaction mixture. It was stirred at 65° C. for 3 hours. Linder cooling the mixture was diluted with methyl tert. butyl ether and water. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether twice. The organic layers were dried using a waterresistant filter. The clear filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified using a 340 g silica column (Gradient: hexane/ethyl acetate 0-60) to provide the target compound in 95% purity: 41.6 g.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.45 (s, 18H), 1.56-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.82 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.56 (m, 2H).

Intermediate 3 5-((2-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-6-ethoxy-6-oxohexaneoic Acid

To a stirred solution of 2-bromo-3-chloro-aniline (CAS 96558-73-5, 50 g, 242 mmol) in aqueous hydrochloric acid (2.5 M, 500 mL) was added sodium nitrite (17 g, 247 mmol) in water (100 mL) drop-wise at 0° C. over 0.5 hour. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 hour. Then sodium acetate (84 g, 1.02 mol) in water (500 mL) was added into the reaction mixture, followed by ethyl 2-oxocyclopentanecarboxylate (40 g, 256 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 hour and then it was warmed to 25° C. and stirred for 1 hour. Dichloromethane (800 mL) was added into the reaction mixture. Two layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (300 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with water (300 mL×3), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by evaporation in vacuum to give 5-((2-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-6-ethoxy-6-oxohexaneoic acid (108 g, crude) as black oil, which was used directly for the next step.

Intermediate 4 Ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of 5-((2-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-6-ethoxy-6-oxohexaneoic acid (see Intermediate 3, 108 g, crude) in ethanol (600 mL) was added cone, sulphuric acid (150 mL) drop-wise. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 16 hours. LC-MS indicated the reaction completed. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was added to water (3 L) with stirring and the formed solid was collected by filtration. The solid was then added to dichloromethane (800 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour and then filtered. The filtrate was filtered through a short plug of silica gel and the silica gel was washed with dichloromethane. The combined filtrate and washings were concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was slurried with petrol ether (500 mL) and then filtered. The filter cake was dried in vacuum to give ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-ethoxy-3-oxo-propyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (62 g) as a gray solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ=11.61 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, 1H), 7.33 (d, 1H), 4.44-4.38 (m, 2H), 4.06-4.03 (m, 2H), 3.33-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.62 (m, 2H), 1.41 (t, 3H), 1.15 (t, 3H).

Intermediate 5 Ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

The reactions were performed as two batches in parallel: to a stirred solution of ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-ethoxy-3-oxo-propyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 4, 51 g, 127 mmol) in THF (250 mL) was boran dimethylsulfide (10 M, 17 mL) drop-wise over 0.5 hour at 25° C. under nitrogen. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 16 hours. The reactions were performed as two batches in parallel and the combined reaction mixture (two batches) was quenched by methanol (40 mL) drop-wise at 0° C. After addition, the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 0.5 hour, and then concentrated by evaporation in vacuum. The residue was slurried with petrol ether (400 mL) and filtered. The cake was dried in vacuum to afford ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (81 g, 85% purity) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ=11.45 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H), 7.29 (d, 1H), 4.47 (t, 1H), 4.38-4.35 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.04-3.02 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.37 (t, 3H).

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=0.945 min; m/z=360.0 (M+H)⁺

The title compound was prepared as described in J. Med. Chem. 2015, 58, 3794-3805.

Intermediate 6 Ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 5, 6.62 g, 18.4 mmol), naphthalen-1-ol (3.21 g, 99% purity, 22.0 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (5.84 g, 22.0 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (4.4 mL, 22 mmol) at 10° C. and the mixture was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. For work-up, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and was washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (hexane/dichloromethane gradient 20→100% dichloromethane) to give, after trituration with methanol, the title compound (3.5 g).

Intermediate 7 Ethyl 6-chloro-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a degassed mixture of ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 6, 5.50 g, 11.3 mmol) and 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (8.61 g, 33.9 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (97 mL) was added potassium acetate (4.44 g, 45.2 mmol) and to the mixture was added 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-palladium(II)chloride (827 mg, 1.13 mmol), and the reaction mixture was purged with argon for 10 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 24 hours at 80° C. For work-up the mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage SNAP cartridge silica, hexanes/ethyl acetate gradient, 7%→25% ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (1.5 g).

Intermediate 8 Ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Triphenylphospane (1.60 g, 6.10 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of THF and 6-fluoronaphthalen-1-ol (CAS 804498-72-4, 989 mg, 6.10 mmol) was added. The mixture was cooled to −10° C. and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.2 mL, 6.1 mmol) was added dropwise. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. Ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 5, 2.00 g, 5.55 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of THF and was added dropwise. The mixture was allowed to warm to rt and was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with methanol. The remaining solids were isolated by filtration. In a second preparation triphenylphospane (1.60 g, 6.10 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of THF and 6-fluoronaphthalen-1-ol (CAS 804498-72-4, 989 mg, 6.10 mmol) was added. The mixture was cooled to −10° C. and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.2 mL, 6.1 mmol) was added dropwise. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. Ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 5, 2.00 g, 5.55 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of THF and was added dropwise. The mixture was allowed to warm to rt and was stirred for 3 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with methanol. The remaining solids were isolated by filtration. In a third preparation triphenylphospane (1.60 g, 6.10 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of THF and 6-fluoronaphthalen-1-ol (CAS 804498-72-4, 989 mg, 6.10 mmol) was added. The mixture was cooled to −10° C. and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.2 mL, 6.1 mmol) was added dropwise. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. Ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 5, 2.00 g, 5.55 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of THF and was added dropwise. The mixture was allowed to warm to rt and was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with methanol. The remaining solids were isolated by filtration. Combined with the products of the other preparations the crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient). The obtained material was triturated with a mixture of tert.-butyl methyl ether and petroleum ether and the remaining solids were isolated by filtration and dried to give the title compound (2.4 g). The filtrate was concentrated and triturated with methanol. The remaining solids were isolated by filtration and dried to give a second batch of the title compound (1.88 g).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.80 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=502 [M−H]⁻

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.191 (0.89), 1.208 (1.68), 1.226 (0.79), 1.275 (7.17), 1.286 (1.82), 1.293 (16.00), 1.303 (2.45), 1.310 (7.38), 1.321 (1.00), 2.177 (1.63), 2.194 (2.33), 2.211 (1.65), 2.227 (0.56), 2.518 (5.40), 2.523 (3.59), 3.280 (2.10), 3.299 (3.61), 3.317 (2.70), 4.147 (2.35), 4.162 (4.59), 4.176 (2.33), 4.190 (0.84), 4.269 (2.24), 4.286 (7.10), 4.304 (6.99), 4.322 (2.10), 5.759 (0.86), 6.834 (1.79), 6.842 (1.91), 6.848 (1.61), 6.856 (1.91), 7.168 (5.12), 7.189 (5.66), 7.240 (0.68), 7.249 (0.72), 7.261 (0.61), 7.271 (0.61), 7.316 (1.23), 7.322 (1.37), 7.333 (1.19), 7.339 (2.17), 7.345 (2.33), 7.360 (1.21), 7.367 (1.37), 7.391 (0.51), 7.412 (3.59), 7.418 (3.89), 7.426 (8.20), 7.438 (0.54), 7.579 (0.51), 7.600 (0.49), 7.624 (2.17), 7.630 (2.17), 7.650 (2.14), 7.656 (2.07), 7.721 (4.87), 7.743 (4.59), 7.757 (0.58), 7.778 (0.47), 8.046 (1.89), 8.061 (1.98), 8.069 (1.91), 8.084 (1.82), 11.517 (3.28).

On larger scale the title compound could be obtained in a similar manner with slightly modified reaction conditions in two batches: To a stirred solution of ethyl 7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 6, 2000 g) and N,N-diethylethanamine (1.77 kg) in dichloromethane (20.0 L) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (1.30 kg) dropwise over 3 hrs at 0-5° C. under an atmosphere of nitrogen. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 hrs. The mixture was washed with water (8 L) and concentrated to give a brown solid (3.99 kg, crude). This material (697 g) was added to a stirred solution of 6-fluoronaphthalen-1-ol (CAS 804498-72-4, 214 g) and potassium carbonate (428 g) in acetonitrile (5400 mL) under an atmosphere of nitrogen, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 16 hrs. The mixture was filtered, and the solution was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (petrol ether/dichloromethane=3/1) to obtain a crude material, which was then slurried in petrol ether/dichloromethane (800/200 mL) at 20° C. for 16 hrs, and was filtered to obtain the title compound (262 g).

Intermediate 9 Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxa-borolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-7-bromo-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 8, 200 mg, 396 μmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of DMF. 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-Octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (CAS 78183-34-3151 mg, 594 μmol), potassium acetate (117 mg, 1.19 mmol) and [1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloro-palladium(II) (32.4 mg, 39.6 μmol) were added. The mixture was purged with argon for 10 minutes. The tube was sealed and stirred at 95° C. for 12 hours. After cooling to rt the mixture was filtered and purified by preparative HPLC (Method P3) to give the title compound (34 mg, 12% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.90 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=552 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.257 (2.02), 1.275 (4.69), 1.292 (2.08), 1.324 (2.13), 1.373 (2.56), 1.383 (16.00), 2.202 (0.58), 2.219 (0.41), 2.518 (1.69), 2.522 (1.13), 3.301 (0.50), 3.320 (1.26), 4.144 (0.54), 4.159 (1.11), 4.173 (0.52), 4.235 (0.54), 4.252 (1.83), 4.270 (1.80), 4.288 (0.51), 5.758 (0.73), 6.824 (0.49), 6.832 (0.50), 6.838 (0.42), 6.846 (0.53), 7.045 (1.22), 7.067 (1.18), 7.319 (0.49), 7.326 (0.53), 7.408 (0.98), 7.414 (1.04), 7.422 (2.36), 7.622 (0.57), 7.629 (0.58), 7.648 (0.58), 7.655 (0.57), 7.839 (0.81), 7.861 (0.72), 8.010 (0.44), 8.024 (0.47), 8.033 (0.47), 8.047 (0.45), 9.978 (0.64).

On larger scale the title compound could be obtained in a similar manner with slightly modified reaction conditions: To a stirred solution of 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (CAS 78183-34-3151 mg, 91.7 g), sodium carbonate (76.6 g) and [1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloro-palladium(II) (4.40 g) in 1,4-dioxane (700 mL) was added ethyl-7-bromo-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 8, 70 g) under an atmosphere of nitrogen, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 40 hrs. The residue was slurried in a mixture of ethanol and dichloromethane (300 and 50 mL) at 20° C. for 16 hrs, then recrystallized in dichloromethane (80 mL) from 50° C. to 0° C. for 3 hrs, and filtered to obtain the title compound (84.8 g). The filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petrol ether/ethyl acetate/dichloromethane=20/0/020/1/1) to obtain the title compound (21.2 g).

Intermediate 10 ethyl-7-bromo-3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-7-bromo-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 5, 20.0 g, 55.5 mmol) was dissolved in 400 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 1H-imidazole (5.66 g, 83.2 mmol), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (339 mg, 2.77 mmol) and tert-butyl(chloro)dimethylsilane (CAS 18162-48-6, 10.0 g, 66.5 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, was poured into water and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate, were filtered and were concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (23.7 g, 87% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.94 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=474 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.46), 0.007 (0.55), 0.842 (0.87), 0.849 (16.00), 0.856 (1.01), 1.326 (1.22), 1.344 (2.74), 1.361 (1.25), 3.027 (0.47), 3.574 (0.45), 3.590 (1.01), 3.605 (0.44), 4.327 (1.21), 4.345 (1.19), 7.256 (0.94), 7.277 (1.00), 7.680 (0.97), 7.701 (0.83).

Intermediate 11 Ethyl 3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-chloro-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxa-borolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-7-bromo-3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 10, 13.7 g, 28.8 mmol), 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (CAS 78183-34-3, 8.79 g, 34.6 mmol), potassium acetate (5.66 g, 57.7 mmol) and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocenpalladium(II)chloride (1.18 g, 1.44 mmol) in 30 mL of dried and degassed 1,4-dioxane were stirred for 3 days at 90° C., were filtered and were purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (7.90 g, 50% yield).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.007 (0.60), 0.007 (0.48), 0.844 (1.28), 0.850 (16.00), 0.857 (0.99), 1.281 (0.56), 1.325 (1.24), 1.342 (2.82), 1.360 (1.64), 1.373 (12.47), 3.044 (0.49), 3.568 (0.46), 3.584 (1.00), 3.600 (0.44), 4.318 (1.18), 4.336 (1.16), 7.120 (0.94), 7.141 (0.98), 7.791 (0.66), 7.812 (0.60), 9.956 (0.51).

Intermediate 12 Ethyl 4-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

N-Bromosuccinimide (11.2 g, 62.4 mmol) was added to a solution of ethyl 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (5.00 g, 29.7 mmol, CAS No: 5744-40-1) in 1,2-dichloroethane (100 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 15 h at 65-80° C. followed by 3 days at room temperature. For work-up, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and the organic phase was filtrated through a silicone filter and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage SNAP cartridge silica, hexanes/dichloromethane gradient, 0%→100% dichloromethane) to give the title compound (6.69 g, 89% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.15 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=247 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.308 (4.21), 1.325 (8.89), 1.343 (4.18), 2.155 (14.47), 3.862 (1.45), 4.008 (16.00), 4.302 (1.34), 4.320 (4.19), 4.337 (4.07), 4.355 (1.24).

Intermediate 13 (4-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol

Lithium aluminium hydride (27 mL, 1.0 M in THF, 27 mmol) was added dropwise at 0° C. to a solution of ethyl 4-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (see Intermediate 12, 6.69 g, 27.1 mmol) in THF (220 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction was quenched by dropwise addition of water (5.4 mL) followed by aqueous sodium hydroxide (5.4 mL, 2 M, 11 mmol) and again water (5.4 mL). The mixture was then filtrated through a pad of celite, eluted with THF and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage SNAP cartridge silica 100 g, hexanes/ethyl acetate gradient, 20%→80% ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (3.77 g, 67% yield).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 2.083 (14.56), 3.334 (16.00), 4.422 (2.80), 4.435 (2.81), 5.311 (0.59), 5.325 (1.50), 5.337 (0.56).

Intermediate 14 Ethyl 4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

N-Bromosuccinimide (16.3 g, 90.5 mmol) was added to a solution of ethyl 1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (7.25 g, 43.1 mmol, CAS No 5744-51-4) in 1,2-dichloroethane (150 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 15 h at 80° C. For work-up, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with water and the organic phase was filtrated through a silicone filter and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage SNAP cartridge silica 340 g, hexanes/dichloromethane gradient, 0→100% dichloromethane) to give the title compound (6.49 g, 61% yield).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.261 (4.14), 1.278 (8.78), 1.296 (4.21), 2.268 (14.94), 2.518 (0.74), 2.523 (0.49), 3.857 (16.00), 4.229 (1.31), 4.247 (4.03), 4.264 (3.94), 4.282 (1.24).

Intermediate 15 (4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methanol

Lithium borohydride (711 mg, 32.6 mmol) was added to a solution of ethyl 4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (see Intermediate 14, 6.45 g, 26.1 mmol) in THF (150 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature and 7 h at 60° C. The reaction was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was filtrated through a silicone filter and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate gradient, 50%→100% ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (4.07 g, 76% yield).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 2.205 (16.00), 2.518 (0.43), 3.330 (10.35), 4.285 (3.97), 4.299 (4.13), 4.933 (1.00), 4.946 (2.22), 4.960 (0.93).

Intermediate 16 Ethyl 5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Ethyl 2,4-dioxohexaneoate (CAS 13246-52-1, 5.00 g, 29.0 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL of acetic acid. Under ice cooling methylhydrazine (1.5 mL, 29.0 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 23 hours. Methylhydrazine (0.5 mL, 10.0 mmol) was added and stirring was continued at rt for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried using a water resistant filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified using silica gel (gradient hexane ethyl acetate) to obtain the title compound (2.13 g, 40% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=0.92 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=183 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.170 (6.09), 1.188 (12.55), 1.208 (6.57), 1.245 (7.14), 1.263 (16.00), 1.280 (7.23), 2.601 (1.10), 2.602 (1.08), 2.619 (3.24), 2.621 (3.35), 2.638 (3.29), 2.640 (3.34), 2.657 (1.02), 2.659 (1.03), 3.331 (8.78), 4.200 (1.95), 4.218 (6.25), 4.236 (6.29), 4.254 (1.95), 5.759 (0.98), 6.518 (4.92).

Intermediate 17 Ethyl 4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Ethyl 5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (see Intermediate 16, 2.10 g, 11.5 mmol) was dissolved in 15 mL of acetic acid. A solution of bromine in acetic acid (23 mL, 1.0 M, 23 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred for 18 hours at rt. The mixture was poured into ice water and aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (10%) was added. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried using a water resistant filter and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 2.97 g of the title compound. The crude material was used without further purification in the next step.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.08 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=261 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.077 (2.69), 1.096 (6.29), 1.115 (2.81), 1.260 (3.48), 1.278 (7.87), 1.295 (3.68), 1.907 (1.63), 2.518 (0.62), 2.523 (0.41), 2.673 (0.89), 2.692 (2.71), 2.711 (2.65), 2.730 (0.75), 3.894 (16.00), 4.231 (1.11), 4.249 (3.60), 4.266 (3.59), 4.284 (1.10).

Intermediate 18 (4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methanol

Ethyl 4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (see Intermediate 17, 2.97 g) was dissolved in 45 mL of THF and lithium borohydride (310 mg, 14.2 mmol) was added portionwise. This mixture was stirred for 20 hours at rt and for 22 hours at 60° C. Lithium borohydride (50 mg, 2.3 mmol) was added and stirring was continued for 24 hours at rt and 3 hours at 60° C. The reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonia chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried using a water resistant filter and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (2.18 g). The crude material was used without further purification in the next step.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=0.79 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=219 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.068 (3.21), 1.087 (7.19), 1.105 (3.37), 2.518 (0.44), 2.609 (1.02), 2.628 (3.36), 2.647 (3.29), 2.666 (1.04), 3.761 (16.00), 4.287 (4.77), 4.301 (4.91), 4.941 (1.34), 4.955 (2.69), 4.969 (1.21).

Intermediate 19 (4-bromo-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol

To a solution of ethyl 4-bromo-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (CAS, 128537-28-0, 200 g, 766 mmol, 1 eq) in 200 mL THF was added lithiumborohydride (83 g, 3.83 mol, 5 eq) slowly. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of water (2000 mL) at 20° C., and then extracted with ethyl acetate (1000 mL) three times. The combined organic layers were washed with brine (800 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by triturating with PE (2000 mL) for 3 times to give the target compound (112 g, 99% purity) as a white solid.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) δ [ppm]=4.60 (s, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.58 (q, 2H), 1.20 (t, 3H).

Intermediate 20 Ethyl 5-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl 2,4-dioxohexaneoate (CAS 13246-52-1, 3.00 g, 17.1 mmol) in acetic acid (24 mL) was added 4-(2-hydrazinylethyl)morpholine (CAS 2154-24-7, 2.53 g, 17.1 mmol) at 0° C. and the reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 3 h. Upon cooling, the mixture was concentrated. The residue was diluted with ethyl actetate and the organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and brine. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate. After filtration and removal of the solvents the crude product was purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient, 50%→100% ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (1.96 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.192 (5.34), 1.211 (12.80), 1.230 (6.02), 1.249 (7.04), 1.267 (16.00), 1.285 (7.15), 2.385 (2.88), 2.396 (3.98), 2.408 (3.12), 2.518 (1.26), 2.523 (0.85), 2.642 (3.19), 2.658 (5.49), 2.661 (5.21), 2.663 (4.60), 2.669 (1.00), 2.675 (2.92), 2.680 (3.82), 2.682 (3.66), 2.700 (1.08), 3.519 (4.16), 3.530 (5.19), 3.542 (4.09), 4.175 (2.39), 4.192 (4.57), 4.207 (3.68), 4.225 (6.71), 4.242 (6.56), 4.260 (1.95), 6.511 (5.60).

Intermediate 21 Ethyl 3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

The title compound was isolated as a side product in the synthesis of ethyl 5-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (see Intermediate 20).

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.000 (5.34), 1.145 (7.12), 1.155 (0.41), 1.160 (16.00), 1.175 (7.30), 1.283 (6.71), 1.298 (14.69), 1.312 (7.24), 1.906 (0.75), 2.367 (2.57), 2.376 (3.50), 2.384 (2.63), 2.529 (1.62), 2.544 (4.72), 2.559 (4.59), 2.574 (1.47), 2.602 (2.50), 2.615 (4.09), 2.629 (2.56), 3.329 (3.25), 3.501 (3.51), 3.510 (4.71), 3.519 (3.52), 4.255 (2.16), 4.269 (6.47), 4.284 (6.75), 4.298 (2.08), 4.507 (2.42), 4.520 (4.07), 4.534 (2.37), 6.653 (7.25).

Intermediate 22 Ethyl 4-bromo-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate

A solution of bromine in acetic acid (8.2 mL, 1.0 M, 8.2 mmol) was added to a solution of ethyl 3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (770 mg, 2.74 mmol; see Intermediate 21) in acetic acid (16 mL) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred for 4 h at room temperature. For work-up, the reaction was poured into ice water followed by the addition of a saturated aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution and the pH of the mixture was adjusted to pH>7 by the addition of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate. After filtration and removal of the solvents the crude product was purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient, 0%→100% ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (810 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): Rt=1.28 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=360 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=4.61 (t, 2H), 4.39 (q, 2H), 3.75-3.53 (m, 4H), 2.71 (t, 2H), 2.64 (q, 2H), 2.51-2.36 (m, 4H), 1.59 (s, 2H), 1.43 (t, 3H), 1.23 (t, 3H).

Intermediate 23 {4-bromo-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-5-yl}methanol

To a solution of ethyl 4-bromo-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate (810 mg, 2.25 mmol; see Intermediate 22) in THF (9 mL) was added a solution of lithium borohydride in THF (1.3 mL, 2.0 M, 2.7 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 24 hours. For work-up, sodium sulfate hydrate was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by flash chromatography (dichloromethane/acetone gradient, 0%→40% acetone) to give the title compound (650 mg).

Intermediate 24 ethyl-1-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Ethyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (CAS 4027-57-0, 10.0 g, 64.9 mmol) and 3-bromopropoxy-(tert-butyl)-dimethylsilane (CAS 89031-84-5, 17 mL, 71 mmol) were dissolved in 100 mL of DMF and cesium carbonate (52.8 g, 162 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate, were filtered and were concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (6.10 g, 27% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.55 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=327 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.000 (0.86), 0.003 (0.63), 0.018 (0.49), 0.835 (1.24), 0.839 (1.08), 0.846 (16.00), 0.854 (0.89), 1.221 (1.41), 1.239 (3.08), 1.256 (1.41), 1.890 (0.56), 2.257 (3.58), 3.517 (0.60), 3.532 (1.20), 3.547 (0.58), 4.091 (0.56), 4.109 (0.95), 4.126 (0.53), 4.176 (0.45), 4.194 (1.43), 4.211 (1.40), 4.229 (0.42), 6.484 (1.06), 6.486 (1.06).

Intermediate 25 ethyl-4-bromo-1-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

Ethyl-1-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (see Intermediate 24, 6.10 g, 18.7 mmol) and 1-bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (CAS 128-08-5, 4.99 g, 28.0 mmol) were dissolved in 80 mL of DMF and the mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with a solution of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and brine, was dried using sodium sulfate, was filtered and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (3.66 g, 48% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.66 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=405 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.000 (0.52), 0.015 (0.41), 0.833 (0.90), 0.840 (16.00), 0.847 (0.76), 1.242 (1.43), 1.260 (3.27), 1.278 (1.46), 1.893 (0.48), 2.264 (5.14), 3.533 (0.52), 3.547 (1.01), 3.562 (0.49), 4.176 (0.48), 4.194 (0.85), 4.212 (0.69), 4.230 (1.39), 4.248 (1.37), 4.266 (0.41).

Intermediate 26 [4-bromo-1-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]methanol

Ethyl-4-bromo-1-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate (see Intermediate 25, 3.66 g, 9.03 mmol) was dissolved in 80 mL of THF and lithium borohydride solution (2.9 mL, 4M in THF, 11.74 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 hours and at rt for 72 hours. The mixture was diluted with aqueous saturated ammonia chloride solution and extracted ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (3.12 g). The crude material was used without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.45 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=363 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.000 (0.58), 0.015 (0.44), 0.836 (0.99), 0.843 (16.00), 0.850 (0.92), 1.846 (0.51), 2.190 (5.40), 3.514 (0.61), 3.528 (1.13), 3.543 (0.53), 4.029 (0.53), 4.047 (0.83), 4.064 (0.50), 4.273 (1.54), 4.287 (1.60), 4.916 (0.47), 4.930 (1.08), 4.944 (0.44).

Intermediate 27 4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde

Ethanedioyl dichloride (CAS 79-37-8, 9.0 mL, 100 mmol) was dissolved in 170 mL of dichloromethane under an argon atmosphere. The mixture was cooled to −72° C. and DMSO (14.6 mL, 205 mmol) was added dropwise. After 15 minutes of stirring a mixture of (4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methanol (see Intermediate 18, 15.0 g, 68.5 mmol) in 120 mL of dichloromethane and triethylamine (57 mL, 410 mmol) were added dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt over a period of 1.5 hours. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried using sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (16.6 g). The crude material was used without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=0.94 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=217 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.094 (2.90), 1.113 (6.29), 1.132 (2.93), 1.178 (0.45), 2.101 (0.72), 2.539 (5.77), 2.691 (0.90), 2.710 (2.83), 2.729 (2.74), 2.748 (0.82), 3.958 (16.00), 9.800 (5.92).

Intermediate 28 Ethyl (5E)-6-(4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)hex-5-enoate

4-Bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde (see Intermediate 2712.9 g, 59.4 mmol), (5-ethoxy-5-oxopentyl)(triphenyl)phosphanium bromide (CAS 118026-77-0, 35.0 g, 74.3 mmol) and potassium carbonate (10.3 g, 74.3 mmol) were stirred in 500 mL of 2-propanol under reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to give 2.40 g of the title compound and 1.90 g of the Z-isomer (see Intermediate 29).

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.34 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=329 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.053 (0.76), 1.063 (3.17), 1.068 (1.10), 1.082 (7.55), 1.090 (0.95), 1.100 (4.00), 1.109 (0.42), 1.152 (4.38), 1.169 (9.61), 1.187 (4.68), 1.649 (1.28), 1.667 (1.95), 1.686 (1.41), 1.704 (0.42), 2.108 (1.26), 2.142 (0.53), 2.145 (0.55), 2.162 (1.43), 2.179 (1.40), 2.197 (0.48), 2.200 (0.47), 2.285 (1.89), 2.304 (3.63), 2.322 (1.80), 2.518 (0.82), 2.523 (0.53), 2.609 (0.90), 2.628 (3.04), 2.639 (0.43), 2.647 (3.01), 2.666 (0.98), 3.765 (16.00), 3.772 (1.46), 3.783 (1.23), 4.017 (1.36), 4.034 (4.07), 4.052 (4.04), 4.070 (1.28), 4.395 (0.67), 4.651 (0.67), 6.159 (0.57), 6.162 (1.20), 6.166 (0.57), 6.199 (0.84), 6.202 (1.69), 6.206 (0.85), 6.352 (0.62), 6.369 (1.35), 6.387 (0.60), 6.392 (0.44), 6.409 (0.90), 6.427 (0.41).

Intermediate 29 Ethyl (5Z)-6-(4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)hex-5-enoate

The title compound was isolated in the synthesis of Intermediate 28.

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.42 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=329 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.073 (2.98), 1.092 (6.99), 1.110 (3.15), 1.132 (4.31), 1.139 (0.58), 1.150 (9.34), 1.154 (0.78), 1.168 (4.54), 1.642 (1.44), 1.660 (2.13), 1.679 (1.50), 1.698 (0.45), 2.080 (0.54), 2.277 (1.98), 2.295 (3.48), 2.314 (1.72), 2.518 (0.85), 2.520 (0.85), 2.523 (0.81), 2.539 (1.42), 2.543 (1.45), 2.558 (1.39), 2.562 (1.42), 2.576 (0.48), 2.580 (0.49), 2.624 (0.89), 2.643 (2.97), 2.662 (2.97), 2.681 (0.87), 3.800 (16.00), 3.999 (1.30), 4.017 (3.99), 4.034 (3.89), 4.052 (1.21), 5.659 (0.51), 5.677 (1.06), 5.687 (0.56), 5.696 (0.49), 5.706 (1.21), 5.724 (0.56), 6.092 (0.70), 6.096 (1.43), 6.100 (0.68), 6.121 (0.59), 6.125 (1.20), 6.129 (0.60).

Intermediate 30 6-(4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)hex-5-en-1-ol

Ethyl-(5E)-6-(4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)hex-5-enoate (see Intermediate 28, 2.40 g, 7.29 mmol) and ethyl-(5Z)-6-(4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)hex-5-enoate (see Intermediate 29, 1.90 g, 5.77 mmol) were dissolved in 100 mL of THF and lithium borohydride solution (7.2 mL, 2.0 M in THF, 29 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 72 hours. The mixture was diluted with aqueous saturated ammonia chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 3.60 g of the title compound as a mixture of the E- and Z-isomer. The crude material was used without further purification in the next step.

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.11 and 1.19 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=329 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.053 (0.89), 1.062 (3.45), 1.068 (1.43), 1.075 (3.69), 1.081 (8.36), 1.093 (7.29), 1.100 (4.51), 1.112 (3.19), 1.352 (0.67), 1.397 (0.62), 1.406 (1.16), 1.417 (2.55), 1.423 (3.08), 1.428 (4.19), 1.434 (4.61), 1.445 (3.19), 1.465 (0.52), 2.081 (0.44), 2.108 (1.26), 2.147 (1.04), 2.151 (1.10), 2.164 (1.16), 2.167 (1.03), 2.181 (0.51), 2.518 (1.29), 2.523 (1.25), 2.525 (1.25), 2.529 (1.17), 2.543 (1.20), 2.547 (1.06), 2.561 (0.47), 2.607 (1.01), 2.626 (3.93), 2.644 (5.76), 2.663 (3.68), 2.682 (0.86), 3.363 (0.77), 3.378 (2.37), 3.392 (3.15), 3.406 (2.21), 3.421 (0.50), 3.722 (0.59), 3.762 (16.00), 3.772 (1.25), 3.783 (1.19), 3.806 (15.16), 4.322 (1.24), 4.335 (2.55), 4.348 (1.19), 4.361 (1.33), 4.374 (2.68), 4.387 (1.28), 4.395 (0.75), 4.651 (0.69), 5.670 (0.49), 5.689 (1.02), 5.699 (0.55), 5.706 (0.48), 5.717 (1.19), 5.736 (0.56), 6.063 (0.66), 6.067 (1.35), 6.071 (0.72), 6.092 (0.57), 6.096 (1.12), 6.100 (0.63), 6.154 (0.57), 6.158 (1.19), 6.161 (0.64), 6.194 (0.79), 6.198 (1.67), 6.201 (0.91), 6.384 (0.62), 6.402 (1.27), 6.419 (0.60), 6.424 (0.46), 6.442 (0.95), 6.459 (0.42), 6.549 (1.16), 7.015 (0.46), 7.033 (0.49).

Intermediate 31 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a solution of ethyl 6-chloro-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 3.00 g, 5.62 mmol) and (4-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol (see intermediate 13, 960 mg, 4.68 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (54 mL) were added an aqueous 2-molar solution of potassium carbonate (5.9 mL, 2.0 M, 12 mmol) and palladium-triphenylphosphine (1:4) (541 mg, 468 μmol) and the mixture was purged with argon for 3 minutes. The reaction was stirred at 110° C. for 3 h in a microwave reactor (divided in 3 portions). For work-up the combined reaction mixtures were concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient, 25%→100% ethyl acetate) to give the title product (550 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): Rt=1.54 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=532 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 32 (rac)-ethyl (11 Z)-4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl 6-chloro-7-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 31,550 mg, 1.03 mmol) in acetonitrile (11 mL) was added caesium carbonate (1.70 g, 5.17 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. (2Z)-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (CAS 110-57-6, 130 μL, 1.1 mmol) and sodium iodide (313 mg, 2.07 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h at 40° C. For work-up, the mixture was poured into water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with brine and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (dichloromethane/acetone gradient 0→40% acetone) to give title compound (200 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): Rt=1.71 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=584 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.066 (1.25), 1.172 (0.59), 1.263 (4.98), 1.281 (10.78), 1.298 (5.03), 1.670 (16.00), 1.988 (0.99), 2.229 (0.91), 2.247 (1.29), 2.263 (0.96), 2.323 (0.57), 2.327 (0.78), 2.331 (0.56), 2.518 (3.28), 2.523 (2.24), 2.665 (0.56), 2.669 (0.77), 2.673 (0.53), 3.288 (0.72), 3.307 (1.42), 3.347 (0.78), 3.364 (0.40), 3.482 (0.68), 3.513 (1.26), 3.544 (0.85), 3.744 (0.73), 3.755 (0.82), 3.776 (0.66), 3.787 (0.68), 3.877 (15.25), 4.088 (2.02), 4.122 (2.15), 4.222 (2.11), 4.231 (1.35), 4.239 (3.94), 4.248 (2.55), 4.253 (1.70), 4.266 (1.93), 4.271 (0.74), 4.284 (0.68), 4.289 (1.81), 4.307 (1.70), 4.316 (0.88), 4.325 (0.52), 4.334 (0.86), 4.524 (0.59), 4.550 (0.72), 4.564 (0.74), 4.591 (0.87), 4.693 (2.19), 4.727 (2.02), 4.787 (0.59), 4.814 (1.04), 4.840 (0.55), 4.926 (0.96), 4.964 (0.83), 5.126 (0.42), 5.143 (0.68), 5.154 (0.66), 5.759 (0.72), 6.910 (1.87), 6.927 (2.02), 7.274 (3.98), 7.295 (4.14), 7.375 (1.34), 7.395 (2.63), 7.414 (2.17), 7.450 (2.78), 7.463 (0.75), 7.470 (1.56), 7.479 (1.46), 7.483 (1.61), 7.486 (0.82), 7.500 (1.60), 7.505 (1.90), 7.510 (1.57), 7.526 (1.56), 7.530 (1.60), 7.543 (0.79), 7.547 (0.68), 7.814 (3.67), 7.836 (3.20), 7.858 (1.78), 7.876 (1.68), 7.879 (1.48), 8.138 (1.60), 8.158 (1.51).

Intermediate 33 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

A mixture of (rac)-ethyl (11Z)-4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 32, 100 mg, 171 μmol) and chloro[tris(triphenyl-λ⁵-phosphanyl)]rhodium (318 mg, 342 μmol) in ethanol (13 mL) was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen at room temperature for 24 hours. For work-up, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient, 12%→100% ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (55 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): Rt=1.74 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=586 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.021 (0.98), 1.035 (1.52), 1.050 (1.15), 1.066 (0.70), 1.145 (0.42), 1.154 (1.10), 1.172 (2.15), 1.190 (1.45), 1.233 (1.31), 1.256 (5.47), 1.274 (11.35), 1.291 (5.29), 1.739 (16.00), 1.907 (0.87), 1.988 (3.11), 2.209 (1.15), 2.225 (0.87), 2.318 (0.42), 2.323 (1.01), 2.327 (1.43), 2.331 (1.01), 2.518 (6.13), 2.523 (4.47), 2.660 (0.56), 2.665 (1.12), 2.669 (1.52), 2.673 (1.10), 2.678 (0.54), 2.837 (0.80), 2.847 (0.54), 2.865 (0.82), 3.229 (0.47), 3.245 (0.61), 3.262 (0.89), 3.282 (0.49), 3.307 (0.61), 3.361 (0.63), 3.415 (0.40), 3.430 (0.87), 3.445 (0.75), 3.459 (0.82), 3.866 (15.35), 3.943 (0.47), 3.964 (0.73), 3.978 (0.56), 3.999 (0.58), 4.018 (0.73), 4.035 (0.75), 4.166 (1.96), 4.183 (0.51), 4.200 (3.95), 4.212 (2.32), 4.218 (2.53), 4.228 (2.74), 4.245 (1.94), 4.260 (0.77), 4.263 (0.75), 4.277 (1.87), 4.295 (1.73), 4.304 (1.03), 4.313 (0.56), 4.322 (1.01), 4.376 (0.42), 4.388 (0.91), 4.401 (0.51), 4.411 (0.47), 4.424 (0.80), 4.638 (2.20), 4.671 (2.01), 5.759 (8.00), 6.897 (1.87), 6.915 (2.01), 7.236 (4.37), 7.258 (4.68), 7.371 (1.94), 7.391 (3.20), 7.410 (2.78), 7.450 (3.25), 7.471 (2.08), 7.481 (1.12), 7.486 (1.24), 7.498 (2.15), 7.502 (1.96), 7.512 (2.20), 7.518 (3.16), 7.523 (2.29), 7.532 (2.06), 7.536 (2.39), 7.549 (1.50), 7.554 (1.17), 7.565 (0.87), 7.573 (0.80), 7.596 (0.96), 7.613 (0.80), 7.622 (0.84), 7.625 (0.87), 7.642 (0.61), 7.645 (0.61), 7.796 (3.70), 7.818 (3.46), 7.859 (1.68), 7.865 (1.12), 7.878 (1.78), 7.882 (1.47), 8.179 (1.36), 8.184 (1.43), 8.203 (1.33).

Intermediate 34 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoro-naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Because of the limited reaction size in a microwave tube this experiment was partionated in two portions. They were combined for work up. The starting material was impure and contains 49% ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoro-1-naphthyl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate. Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 9, 4.69 g, 33% purity, 2.80 mmol) and (4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methanol (see Intermediate 18, 614 mg, 2.80 mmol) were suspended in 1,4-dioxane and nitrogen was bubbled through this mixture for 5 min. Afterwords XPhos Pd G3 (285 mg, 337 μmol) and the aqueous potassiumphosphate-solution (4.5 mL, 1.5 M, 6.7 mmol) were added and again nitrogen was passed through the suspension for 5 min. The reaction mixture was heated for 20 min. at 100° C. in the microwave. The mixture was filtered through celite under vacuo and the filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate. The clear filtrate was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate once. The combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried using a waterresistant filter. The crude product was purified using a 50 g-silica column (Gradient: hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol). The received product was further purified by flash chromatography using a 25 g silica ultra column (gradient dichloromethane/acetone 0-50%) to obtain the title compound (364.9 mg, 85% purity).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.86 (t, 3H), 1.25 (t, 3H), 2.14-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.47 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 4.01-4.08 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.26 (m, 4H), 4.29 (d, 1H), 4.84 (t, 1H), 6.85-6.93 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, 1H), 7.36-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.64-7.73 (m, 2H), 8.27 (dd, 1H), 10.76 (s, 1H)

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.61 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=564 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 35 Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 34, 360 mg) was dissolved in 3.7 mL DMF and caesium carbonate (624 mg, 1.91 mmol) was added. This mixture was prestirred for 10 min. Afterwords tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)methylcarbamate (see Intermediate 1, 255 mg, 957 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 10 days. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were dried using a waterresistant filter. The clear filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified using a 25 g-silica ultra column (gradient ethyl acetate/ethanol 0-5%) to obtain the desired product (225.8 mg, 92% purity).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.17 (t, 3H), 1.21-1.41 (m, 12H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 2.11-2.31 (m, 3H), 2.61-2.72 (m, 3H), 2.90 (br d, 2H), 3.25 (br t, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.92-4.07 (m, 4H), 4.14 (br s, 1H), 4.17-4.31 (m, 5H), 4.72 (t, 1H), 6.84-6.94 (m, 1H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H), 8.25 (dd, 1H).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.76 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=749 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 36 ethyl-7-[3-(bromomethyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 35, 225 mg) was dissolved in 5.8 mL dichloromethane and cooled to 0° C. At this temperature triphenylphosphine (118 mg, 450 μmol) was added. After 10 min of stirring under cooling tetrabromomethane (149 mg, 450 μmol) was added to the mixture. The icebath was removed and it was stirred 2 hours at rt. The reaction mixture was directly loaded on isolute and it was purified using a 10 g silica column (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate 20-80%) to obtain the title compound (180.7 mg, 99% purity).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.93-1.13 (m, 5H), 1.21-1.31 (m, 9H), 1.31-1.40 (m, 4H), 2.14-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.55 (br d, 1H), 2.67 (br dd, 3H), 2.81-3.05 (m, 2H), 3.26 (br t, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.93 (br s, 1H), 4.03 (q, 2H), 4.17-4.30 (m, 6H), 6.89 (dd, 1H), 7.26 (d, 1H), 7.36-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 8.24 (dd, 1H).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.89 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=811 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 37 Ethyl 7-[3-(bromomethyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-[4-(methylamino)butyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric Acid Salt

Ethyl 7-[3-(bromomethyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)-amino]butyl}-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 36,175 mg) was dissolved in 2.2 mL methanol and the hydrochloric acid in dioxane (270 μL, 4.0 M, 1.1 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the desired product (162 mg, 95% purity).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.97 (td, 3H), 1.08-1.24 (m, 3H), 1.26-1.37 (m, 4H), 2.14-2.32 (m, 3H), 2.53-2.69 (m, 3H), 3.23-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.88-4.05 (m, 5H), 4.19-4.33 (m, 5H), 4.39 (s, 1H), 6.85-6.94 (m, 1H), 7.28 (d, 1H), 7.40 (td, 1H), 7.44-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.68 (dd, 1H), 7.84 (dd, 1H), 8.24 (dd, 1H), 8.44 (br s, 2H).—2H missing, underneath DMSO/water signal.

Intermediate 38 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl 7-[3-(bromomethyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-[4-(methylamino)butyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric acid salt (see Intermediate 37, 160 mg) was dissolved in 1.0 mL DMF and cesium carbonate (348.2 mg, 1.07 mmol) was added. This mixture was stirred at 60° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were dried using a waterresistant filter. The clear filtrate was directly absorbed with isolute to purify the crude material by flash chromatography using an 11 g amino column (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate 0-50%) to obtain the title compound (29.7 mg, 100% purity).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.74-0.82 (m, 3H), 0.83-0.97 (m, 1H), 0.98-1.10 (m, 1H), 1.11-1.30 (m, 5H), 1.76-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.01 (m, 3H), 2.03-2.26 (m, 4H), 2.34-2.45 (m, 1H), 3.16-3.31 (m, 3H), 3.45-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.86-3.97 (m, 1H), 4.08-4.35 (m, 5H), 6.83-6.92 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.64-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.76 (m, 1H), 8.24-8.34 (m, 1H).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.83 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=632 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 39 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-{3-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

The following procedure was performed three times, each reaction with a third of the given amount of material. {4-bromo-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-5-yl}methanol (see Intermediate 23, 1.00 g, 3.14 mmol) and ethyl 6-chloro-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 2.01 g, 3.77 mmol) were dissolved in 1,4 dioxane (39 mL, 460 mmol). The mixture then was purged with argon for three minutes. Afterwards XPhos Pd G3 (326 mg, 98% purity, 377 μmol) and an aqueous solution of potassium phosphate (15 mL, 0.50 M, 7.5 mmol) were added and the mixture heated to 100° C. for one hour in a microwave reactor. After cooling the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. After drying of the organic phase with sodium sulphate and filtration the filtrate was evaporated to dryness and subjected to flash chromatography (Biotage SNAP cartridge silica, dichloromethane/acetone gradient, 6%→40% acetone) to give the title compound (1.22 g).

LC-MS (Method 2): Rt=1.63 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=646 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.920 (6.67), 0.939 (16.00), 0.958 (7.01), 1.066 (1.33), 1.112 (1.56), 1.131 (3.72), 1.138 (0.41), 1.150 (1.56), 1.156 (0.48), 1.239 (6.83), 1.256 (15.78), 1.274 (6.96), 2.084 (0.45), 2.202 (1.09), 2.223 (1.50), 2.231 (1.20), 2.238 (1.21), 2.250 (1.37), 2.268 (1.62), 2.287 (2.23), 2.306 (2.16), 2.321 (1.13), 2.325 (1.00), 2.332 (0.51), 2.340 (2.18), 2.359 (2.24), 2.378 (1.62), 2.397 (1.92), 2.408 (1.29), 2.415 (1.28), 2.426 (1.66), 2.438 (3.04), 2.453 (2.73), 2.460 (1.86), 2.465 (1.60), 2.479 (2.40), 2.518 (2.52), 2.523 (1.51), 2.632 (0.54), 2.648 (1.10), 2.665 (0.89), 2.669 (0.68), 2.673 (0.45), 2.773 (1.49), 2.789 (3.27), 2.807 (1.78), 3.306 (1.46), 3.344 (1.45), 3.530 (0.94), 3.542 (1.28), 3.559 (4.13), 3.571 (7.38), 3.583 (3.99), 4.055 (1.25), 4.088 (1.46), 4.199 (2.08), 4.214 (3.80), 4.223 (1.21), 4.233 (2.35), 4.250 (3.53), 4.252 (4.11), 4.268 (3.81), 4.270 (4.02), 4.280 (0.72), 4.289 (2.39), 4.297 (1.23), 4.305 (0.96), 4.314 (1.72), 4.331 (0.99), 4.349 (0.80), 4.359 (1.40), 4.392 (1.15), 4.450 (0.64), 4.461 (0.64), 5.628 (0.74), 5.759 (3.80), 6.908 (2.16), 6.925 (2.34), 7.167 (5.23), 7.188 (5.20), 7.375 (1.81), 7.395 (3.29), 7.414 (2.82), 7.452 (3.20), 7.473 (1.79), 7.484 (0.61), 7.489 (0.84), 7.501 (2.02), 7.506 (1.81), 7.508 (0.94), 7.513 (2.16), 7.519 (4.36), 7.525 (2.15), 7.532 (1.90), 7.537 (2.16), 7.549 (0.86), 7.553 (0.55), 7.711 (4.17), 7.732 (3.74), 7.860 (1.87), 7.868 (1.06), 7.879 (2.00), 7.884 (1.61), 8.208 (1.68), 8.213 (1.59), 8.226 (0.87), 8.230 (1.48), 8.232 (1.59), 10.637 (2.11).

Intermediate 40 (rac)-ethyl (11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-7-{3-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 39, 610 mg, 945 μmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL). After addition of caesium carbonate (1.54 g, 4.73 mmol) and stirring of the mixture for 10 minutes (2Z)-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (CAS 110-57-6, 130 μL, 95% purity, 1.1 mmol) and sodium iodide (286 mg, 99% purity, 1.89 mmol) were added an stirring was continued for 18 hours at room temperature. After addition of water the slurry was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. After washing of the combined organic phases with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, drying of the organic matter with sodium sulphate and filtration the filtrate was evaporated to dryness and subjected to flash chromatography (Biotage SNAP cartridge silica, hexane/ethyl acetate gradient, 6%→60% ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (0.33 g).

¹H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.000 (7.62), 0.785 (6.85), 0.797 (14.67), 0.809 (7.31), 1.123 (1.06), 1.135 (2.37), 1.148 (1.18), 1.274 (7.81), 1.286 (16.00), 1.297 (7.60), 2.005 (1.39), 2.017 (3.57), 2.018 (3.44), 2.029 (3.44), 2.031 (3.17), 2.042 (1.17), 2.227 (0.56), 2.238 (1.18), 2.249 (1.74), 2.259 (1.78), 2.269 (1.18), 2.280 (0.56), 2.383 (1.75), 2.386 (1.95), 2.389 (2.43), 2.392 (2.31), 2.400 (2.31), 2.474 (0.64), 2.487 (1.84), 2.520 (3.32), 2.524 (3.25), 2.526 (2.57), 2.614 (0.62), 2.618 (0.81), 2.620 (0.61), 2.652 (0.56), 2.736 (0.53), 2.745 (0.69), 2.748 (0.74), 2.757 (1.33), 2.766 (0.97), 2.769 (1.01), 2.778 (0.73), 2.835 (0.69), 2.847 (1.53), 2.859 (0.93), 2.868 (1.06), 2.881 (0.50), 3.276 (0.41), 3.288 (0.64), 3.298 (1.13), 3.310 (1.67), 3.317 (1.26), 3.324 (1.41), 3.330 (1.66), 3.364 (0.45), 3.555 (4.83), 3.562 (7.27), 3.570 (4.39), 3.583 (1.50), 3.604 (2.12), 3.625 (1.31), 3.756 (1.07), 3.763 (1.25), 3.777 (1.01), 3.785 (0.89), 4.121 (2.97), 4.144 (2.93), 4.211 (0.49), 4.224 (3.06), 4.234 (6.85), 4.239 (2.00), 4.245 (3.54), 4.252 (2.71), 4.257 (1.14), 4.263 (2.83), 4.270 (0.80), 4.275 (1.18), 4.280 (1.19), 4.290 (1.80), 4.301 (3.32), 4.308 (0.70), 4.313 (2.53), 4.320 (1.59), 4.325 (1.03), 4.331 (2.03), 4.341 (1.71), 4.353 (1.10), 4.363 (0.97), 4.376 (0.46), 4.459 (0.61), 4.592 (0.90), 4.609 (1.09), 4.619 (1.18), 4.637 (1.33), 4.761 (2.81), 4.784 (2.71), 4.802 (0.92), 4.805 (0.86), 4.822 (1.61), 4.841 (0.86), 4.936 (1.45), 4.961 (1.30), 5.121 (0.57), 5.128 (0.60), 5.140 (1.01), 5.147 (1.03), 5.159 (0.53), 5.166 (0.50), 5.763 (3.22), 6.904 (3.09), 6.917 (3.26), 7.271 (5.39), 7.285 (5.72), 7.381 (2.19), 7.395 (4.01), 7.408 (3.02), 7.454 (3.93), 7.468 (2.68), 7.474 (1.29), 7.476 (1.38), 7.485 (1.99), 7.487 (2.72), 7.490 (1.37), 7.499 (2.08), 7.501 (1.88), 7.515 (1.90), 7.517 (2.18), 7.529 (2.91), 7.531 (2.33), 7.540 (1.31), 7.542 (1.26), 7.820 (5.13), 7.834 (4.66), 7.863 (2.93), 7.877 (2.68), 8.147 (2.68), 8.161 (2.51).

Intermediate 41 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

A mixture of (rac)-ethyl (11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) propyl]-1,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 40, 258 mg, 370 μmol) and tris(triphenyl-lambda⁵-phosphanyl)rhodium(1+) chloride (687 mg, 740 μmol) in ethanol (50 mL) was stirred for three hours at normal pressure under a hydrogen atmosphere. Then the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and subjected to flash chromatography (Biotage SNAP cartridge silica, dichloromethane/ethanol gradient, 0%→15% ethanol) to give the title compound (191 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.76 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=700 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.798 (0.51), 0.814 (0.70), 0.823 (6.69), 0.842 (15.65), 0.861 (6.91), 0.904 (0.60), 0.975 (0.51), 0.998 (0.73), 1.020 (0.89), 1.035 (4.75), 1.041 (0.95), 1.053 (7.45), 1.070 (4.56), 1.145 (0.57), 1.232 (2.12), 1.257 (7.76), 1.275 (16.00), 1.292 (7.41), 1.906 (2.03), 2.070 (1.52), 2.089 (4.82), 2.108 (4.66), 2.127 (1.39), 2.195 (1.14), 2.210 (1.62), 2.228 (1.20), 2.318 (0.79), 2.322 (1.77), 2.327 (2.66), 2.332 (2.06), 2.337 (1.93), 2.354 (1.43), 2.366 (2.22), 2.377 (1.20), 2.518 (7.76), 2.523 (5.48), 2.660 (0.63), 2.664 (1.43), 2.669 (1.96), 2.673 (1.43), 2.678 (0.63), 2.716 (0.41), 2.730 (1.17), 2.746 (2.15), 2.762 (2.63), 2.779 (1.01), 2.793 (0.51), 2.905 (0.41), 2.922 (0.89), 2.933 (0.63), 2.940 (0.63), 2.951 (0.95), 3.230 (0.57), 3.246 (0.82), 3.264 (1.17), 3.284 (0.70), 3.299 (0.79), 3.352 (0.79), 3.370 (0.41), 3.404 (0.57), 3.417 (0.67), 3.422 (1.74), 3.435 (2.03), 3.439 (1.96), 3.452 (2.19), 3.457 (0.89), 3.469 (1.01), 3.481 (0.44), 3.526 (4.37), 3.537 (7.51), 3.549 (4.34), 3.996 (0.54), 4.017 (0.89), 4.032 (0.67), 4.052 (0.48), 4.189 (3.49), 4.202 (3.07), 4.206 (2.79), 4.211 (3.14), 4.223 (4.18), 4.230 (3.52), 4.238 (1.08), 4.247 (3.90), 4.265 (3.55), 4.283 (3.33), 4.292 (0.79), 4.301 (2.50), 4.310 (1.43), 4.318 (0.79), 4.328 (1.39), 4.342 (1.27), 4.355 (2.34), 4.368 (1.27), 4.379 (0.57), 4.392 (0.95), 4.404 (0.41), 4.667 (2.41), 4.701 (2.19), 5.759 (1.20), 6.887 (2.44), 6.904 (2.66), 7.225 (6.08), 7.247 (5.99), 7.367 (2.15), 7.388 (3.83), 7.407 (3.23), 7.450 (3.83), 7.471 (2.31), 7.483 (0.95), 7.487 (1.17), 7.501 (2.44), 7.504 (2.19), 7.513 (2.50), 7.519 (4.53), 7.525 (2.66), 7.532 (2.41), 7.537 (2.76), 7.549 (1.52), 7.554 (1.14), 7.565 (0.67), 7.573 (0.60), 7.591 (0.48), 7.596 (0.70), 7.608 (0.48), 7.612 (0.57), 7.622 (0.70), 7.625 (0.70), 7.642 (0.44), 7.645 (0.44), 7.789 (4.91), 7.810 (4.37), 7.859 (2.15), 7.866 (1.30), 7.877 (2.34), 7.882 (1.84), 8.189 (1.84), 8.193 (1.84), 8.211 (1.71), 8.213 (1.74).

Intermediate 42 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 2.00 g) and (4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methanol (see Intermediate 15, 691 mg, 3.37 mmol) were provided in 15 mL of 1,4-dioxane and 5 mL of water and the mixture was purged with argon for 5 minutes. XPhos Pd G3 (342 mg, 405 μmol) and potassium phosphate (1.72 g, 8.09 mmol) were added and the mixture was purged with argon for 5 minutes and stirred for 2 hours at 100° C. in a microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using amino-functionalized silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to obtain the title compound (965 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.58 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=532 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.066 (16.00), 1.241 (2.07), 1.258 (4.56), 1.277 (2.12), 1.996 (7.13), 2.198 (0.50), 2.205 (0.53), 2.215 (0.60), 2.234 (0.48), 2.518 (2.20), 2.523 (1.49), 3.306 (0.66), 3.800 (6.99), 3.941 (2.70), 4.199 (0.64), 4.214 (1.41), 4.226 (0.83), 4.243 (1.39), 4.258 (1.25), 4.261 (1.26), 4.276 (0.49), 4.279 (0.48), 4.288 (0.64), 4.317 (0.44), 5.182 (0.52), 5.759 (3.82), 6.915 (0.79), 6.932 (0.85), 7.162 (1.56), 7.183 (1.59), 7.378 (0.58), 7.398 (1.10), 7.417 (0.90), 7.454 (1.18), 7.475 (0.62), 7.504 (0.64), 7.509 (0.62), 7.515 (0.70), 7.522 (1.48), 7.528 (0.73), 7.534 (0.67), 7.538 (0.73), 7.693 (1.36), 7.715 (1.22), 7.862 (0.68), 7.880 (0.64), 7.885 (0.58), 8.215 (0.59), 8.220 (0.57), 8.239 (0.58), 10.884 (0.64).

Intermediate 43 Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-di-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 42, 1.70 g, 3.20 mmol) was dissolved in 30 mL of DMF and tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)methylcarbamate (see Intermediate 1, 1.70 g) and cesium carbonate (5.21 g, 16.0 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)-methylcarbamate (see Intermediate 1, 800 mg, 3.01 mmol) was added again and stirring was continued at rt for 24 hours. The mixture was poured into water and was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to obtain the title compound (1.40 g, 59% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.74 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=717 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.015 (1.36), 1.067 (10.06), 1.254 (9.83), 1.271 (12.35), 1.289 (6.61), 1.357 (6.37), 1.380 (4.33), 2.013 (3.27), 2.083 (1.28), 2.171 (1.54), 2.190 (2.19), 2.204 (2.78), 2.669 (3.62), 2.673 (3.65), 2.729 (10.42), 2.886 (12.52), 3.242 (1.79), 3.262 (2.82), 3.279 (1.83), 3.725 (1.05), 3.804 (16.00), 3.940 (1.83), 3.977 (0.57), 4.012 (0.56), 4.126 (1.64), 4.149 (2.84), 4.161 (2.63), 4.179 (1.10), 4.191 (1.02), 4.211 (2.08), 4.226 (4.16), 4.234 (3.02), 4.240 (2.88), 4.252 (4.08), 4.270 (3.66), 4.288 (1.59), 4.302 (0.58), 4.693 (2.03), 4.706 (3.80), 4.719 (2.02), 5.758 (6.16), 6.918 (2.20), 6.937 (2.41), 7.204 (4.51), 7.225 (4.72), 7.382 (1.63), 7.403 (3.35), 7.421 (2.64), 7.457 (3.74), 7.478 (2.07), 7.492 (0.51), 7.497 (0.79), 7.509 (2.11), 7.514 (3.82), 7.525 (4.53), 7.533 (4.43), 7.539 (3.29), 7.551 (1.55), 7.556 (1.24), 7.563 (0.99), 7.572 (0.80), 7.596 (1.09), 7.613 (0.99), 7.625 (1.50), 7.630 (0.94), 7.639 (0.46), 7.643 (0.79), 7.742 (4.21), 7.764 (3.85), 7.863 (2.05), 7.866 (1.92), 7.873 (1.30), 7.880 (1.66), 7.886 (1.98), 7.951 (1.72), 8.212 (1.72), 8.219 (1.63), 8.236 (1.91).

Intermediate 44 Ethyl 7-[3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)-amino]butyl}-6-chloro-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-di-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 43, 930 mg, 1.30 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mL of dichloromethane. Triphenylphosphane (816 mg, 3.11 mmol) was added at 0° C. After 10 minutes of stirring tetrabromomethane (946 mg, 2.85 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at rt. The mixture was concentrated and the crude product was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to obtain the title compound (298 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.86 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=779 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.154 (4.24), 1.171 (9.06), 1.189 (4.64), 1.249 (2.08), 1.257 (2.32), 1.266 (1.63), 1.275 (2.84), 1.285 (1.28), 1.292 (1.51), 1.302 (0.63), 1.352 (1.80), 1.986 (16.00), 2.043 (0.72), 2.201 (0.63), 2.218 (0.62), 2.326 (0.42), 2.518 (1.84), 2.522 (1.23), 2.664 (1.38), 2.668 (1.44), 3.256 (0.58), 3.275 (0.86), 3.294 (0.58), 3.845 (5.24), 3.896 (1.10), 3.998 (1.10), 4.017 (3.27), 4.034 (3.30), 4.052 (1.10), 4.211 (1.05), 4.226 (1.55), 4.242 (2.10), 4.257 (0.94), 4.270 (0.91), 4.275 (0.99), 4.292 (0.46), 6.908 (0.62), 6.925 (0.65), 7.247 (1.50), 7.268 (1.62), 7.378 (0.52), 7.398 (0.97), 7.417 (0.82), 7.454 (1.00), 7.475 (0.56), 7.503 (0.59), 7.508 (0.60), 7.513 (0.75), 7.520 (1.42), 7.527 (0.89), 7.533 (0.70), 7.537 (0.69), 7.809 (1.57), 7.830 (1.41), 7.864 (0.74), 7.869 (0.45), 7.879 (0.57), 7.884 (0.50), 8.195 (0.53), 8.201 (0.54), 8.219 (0.54).

Intermediate 45 Ethyl 7-[3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-1-[4-(methylamino)butyl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric Acid Salt

Ethyl-7-[3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)-amino]butyl}-6-chloro-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 44, 610 mg) was dissolved in 20 mL of ethanol and a solution of hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL, 4.0 M, 82 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight and was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (640 mg) which was used without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.36 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=679 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.035 (7.79), 1.052 (16.00), 1.065 (1.35), 1.070 (8.54), 1.106 (0.51), 1.136 (0.63), 1.268 (0.63), 1.279 (2.49), 1.286 (1.28), 1.296 (5.04), 1.314 (2.41), 2.057 (5.12), 2.183 (0.53), 2.201 (0.72), 2.218 (0.60), 2.226 (1.04), 2.462 (2.10), 2.475 (5.21), 2.518 (6.01), 2.523 (4.10), 2.627 (0.68), 3.272 (0.65), 3.291 (0.92), 3.309 (0.58), 3.385 (0.41), 3.410 (2.63), 3.428 (8.13), 3.445 (8.04), 3.462 (2.58), 3.488 (0.48), 3.499 (0.41), 3.565 (1.06), 3.699 (1.47), 3.713 (1.01), 3.761 (1.06), 3.889 (6.13), 4.226 (0.87), 4.241 (2.03), 4.257 (1.28), 4.265 (1.11), 4.271 (1.16), 4.276 (1.25), 4.288 (1.11), 4.293 (1.16), 4.357 (0.56), 4.367 (2.37), 4.601 (0.53), 6.924 (0.82), 6.942 (0.89), 7.267 (1.42), 7.288 (1.50), 7.387 (0.58), 7.407 (1.16), 7.426 (0.92), 7.462 (1.25), 7.483 (0.68), 7.507 (0.72), 7.511 (0.65), 7.519 (0.80), 7.525 (1.52), 7.531 (0.80), 7.538 (0.72), 7.543 (0.77), 7.826 (1.18), 7.830 (0.77), 7.847 (1.09), 7.851 (0.72), 7.868 (0.77), 7.887 (0.72), 7.891 (0.63), 8.194 (0.65), 8.199 (0.65), 8.217 (0.60), 8.413 (0.51).

Intermediate 46 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-2,3,14-trimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-[4-(methylamino)butyl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric acid salt (see Intermediate 45, 831 mg) was dissolved in 21 mL of DMF and cesium carbonate (1.71 g, 5.25 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 72 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and the precipitated material was isolated by filtration to give the title compound (730 mg) which was used without further purification.

Intermediate 47 Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxa-borolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 9, 2.00 g, 3.62 mmol), (4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methanol (see Intermediate 15, 929 mg, 4.53 mmol) and potassium phosphate (2.31 g, 10.9 mmol) in 15 mL of 1,4-dioxane and 5 mL of water were purged with argon for 5 minutes. XPhos Pd G3 (1.07 g, 1.27 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 100° C. in a microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered. Water was added to the filtrate. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with water, were dried over sodium sulfate, were filtered and were concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to obtain the title compound (943 mg, 46% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.57 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=550 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.230 (3.92), 1.248 (8.81), 1.265 (4.02), 1.994 (12.76), 2.084 (16.00), 2.194 (0.79), 2.205 (1.37), 2.210 (1.07), 2.230 (0.82), 2.518 (2.62), 2.523 (1.71), 3.298 (1.04), 3.317 (1.92), 3.725 (0.73), 3.789 (0.58), 3.800 (12.81), 4.039 (0.67), 4.053 (0.68), 4.069 (0.82), 4.082 (0.78), 4.198 (1.14), 4.204 (0.79), 4.213 (2.90), 4.231 (2.61), 4.234 (2.52), 4.248 (2.15), 4.251 (2.07), 4.266 (0.72), 4.269 (0.63), 4.284 (0.95), 4.293 (0.89), 4.299 (0.40), 4.313 (0.73), 4.322 (0.67), 5.173 (0.69), 5.184 (1.15), 5.197 (0.65), 5.759 (0.99), 6.890 (0.99), 6.899 (1.10), 6.912 (1.05), 7.167 (3.24), 7.189 (3.35), 7.369 (0.72), 7.376 (0.83), 7.391 (1.05), 7.398 (1.12), 7.414 (0.69), 7.421 (0.88), 7.440 (2.25), 7.444 (2.33), 7.453 (4.45), 7.648 (1.22), 7.655 (1.24), 7.674 (1.22), 7.681 (1.24), 7.691 (2.33), 7.712 (2.11), 8.235 (1.05), 8.249 (1.10), 8.258 (1.08), 8.273 (1.00), 10.888 (1.88).

Intermediate 48 (rac)-ethyl (11 Z)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 47, 590 mg, 1.07 mmol) in 15 mL of acetonitrile cesium carbonate (1.75 g, 5.36 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 10 minutes. (2Z)-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (CAS 110-57-6, 170 μL, 1.61 mmol) and sodium iodide (322 mg, 2.15 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at 70° C. The mixture was poured into water and was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to give the title compound (355 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.67 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=602 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.173 (0.48), 1.190 (0.85), 1.209 (0.69), 1.227 (1.09), 1.253 (4.25), 1.270 (9.28), 1.288 (4.39), 1.792 (15.22), 1.835 (0.53), 2.080 (16.00), 2.219 (1.82), 2.238 (1.18), 2.518 (6.12), 3.259 (0.83), 3.278 (1.34), 3.310 (1.71), 3.556 (0.69), 3.568 (0.85), 3.585 (1.13), 3.599 (0.99), 3.721 (1.02), 3.750 (1.57), 3.778 (0.78), 3.832 (0.78), 3.854 (14.22), 4.146 (2.05), 4.164 (0.60), 4.179 (2.61), 4.200 (0.95), 4.217 (2.61), 4.231 (3.42), 4.245 (3.00), 4.262 (1.82), 4.286 (1.71), 4.304 (1.59), 4.313 (0.90), 4.322 (0.58), 4.330 (0.81), 4.349 (2.70), 4.381 (1.92), 4.610 (0.60), 4.638 (0.69), 4.650 (0.90), 4.676 (0.95), 4.818 (1.09), 4.855 (0.81), 4.979 (0.53), 5.000 (0.99), 5.007 (1.04), 5.027 (0.60), 5.248 (0.44), 5.261 (0.53), 5.273 (0.83), 5.286 (0.78), 5.755 (1.41), 6.887 (1.20), 6.897 (1.55), 6.909 (1.34), 7.255 (3.14), 7.276 (3.44), 7.352 (0.78), 7.359 (0.85), 7.375 (1.45), 7.381 (1.52), 7.396 (1.04), 7.403 (1.02), 7.415 (0.42), 7.440 (3.42), 7.449 (5.33), 7.645 (1.45), 7.651 (1.57), 7.671 (1.55), 7.677 (1.55), 7.739 (0.42), 7.785 (3.00), 7.807 (2.82), 8.185 (1.22), 8.199 (1.34), 8.208 (1.29), 8.222 (1.20).

Intermediate 49 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(rac)-Ethyl (11 Z)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,13,15-tetra-hydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 48, 1.40 g) was dissolved in a mixture of 120 mL of ethanol and 50 mL of THF. Tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride (4.32 g, 4.65 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere until complete conversion. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography twice using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone and hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (470 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.71 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=604 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.922 (0.42), 0.931 (0.43), 0.944 (0.41), 1.154 (0.95), 1.172 (1.96), 1.185 (1.08), 1.189 (1.35), 1.197 (0.97), 1.209 (0.70), 1.220 (0.42), 1.232 (0.47), 1.252 (5.02), 1.270 (10.57), 1.288 (5.18), 1.776 (15.54), 1.987 (1.94), 2.185 (0.95), 2.202 (1.34), 2.219 (0.99), 2.331 (0.57), 2.518 (2.57), 2.523 (1.81), 2.673 (0.57), 3.110 (0.72), 3.125 (0.66), 3.215 (0.46), 3.231 (0.63), 3.249 (0.97), 3.268 (0.59), 3.275 (0.62), 3.295 (1.31), 3.313 (1.73), 3.821 (16.00), 3.845 (0.47), 3.854 (0.76), 3.865 (0.46), 3.879 (0.50), 4.017 (0.46), 4.035 (0.46), 4.162 (0.53), 4.182 (1.20), 4.193 (3.12), 4.200 (2.79), 4.212 (2.30), 4.217 (2.63), 4.224 (3.66), 4.235 (1.04), 4.244 (1.81), 4.262 (0.69), 4.282 (1.73), 4.299 (1.62), 4.309 (0.95), 4.317 (0.49), 4.327 (0.93), 4.421 (2.34), 4.453 (1.89), 5.759 (3.08), 6.871 (1.27), 6.878 (1.31), 6.886 (1.13), 6.893 (1.34), 7.216 (4.00), 7.238 (3.94), 7.375 (0.88), 7.381 (0.97), 7.397 (1.38), 7.403 (1.49), 7.413 (0.58), 7.419 (1.00), 7.426 (1.16), 7.434 (2.51), 7.441 (2.74), 7.448 (5.79), 7.462 (0.46), 7.646 (1.55), 7.653 (1.58), 7.672 (1.55), 7.679 (1.51), 7.749 (3.55), 7.771 (3.27), 8.206 (1.32), 8.221 (1.36), 8.230 (1.35), 8.244 (1.28).

Intermediate 50 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Because of the limited reaction size in a microwave tube this experiment was partionated in ten portions. They were combined for work up. Ethyl 6-chloro-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 5.00 g, 9.37 mmol) and (4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methanol (see Intermediate 18, 4.10 g, 18.7 mmol) were suspended in 80 mL 1,4-dioxane and 37 mL aqueous potassiumphosphate-solution (0.50 M) under argon atmosphere. Afterwords XPhos Pd G2 (737 mg, 937 μmol) was added and again the suspension was flushed with argon. The reaction mixture was heated for 30 min. at 120° C. in the microwave. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The crude product was purified using a silica column, gradient hexane/ethyl acetate 0-100% and dichloromethane/ethanol 0-10%, to obtain the titled product (1.49 g, 90% purity).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.845 (3.40), 0.864 (8.05), 0.882 (3.59), 1.066 (0.74), 1.086 (1.19), 1.105 (0.52), 1.156 (0.97), 1.240 (5.03), 1.258 (11.11), 1.276 (5.10), 2.197 (0.90), 2.214 (1.17), 2.234 (0.93), 2.360 (0.76), 2.378 (1.43), 2.397 (1.42), 2.401 (1.40), 2.420 (1.37), 2.439 (0.74), 2.458 (0.52), 2.518 (2.83), 2.523 (2.11), 2.627 (0.52), 2.646 (0.50), 3.298 (1.16), 3.320 (2.11), 3.642 (0.50), 3.760 (2.49), 3.831 (16.00), 4.029 (1.14), 4.043 (1.23), 4.059 (1.49), 4.073 (1.49), 4.204 (1.40), 4.215 (2.57), 4.218 (3.23), 4.225 (2.52), 4.230 (1.83), 4.233 (1.59), 4.245 (3.56), 4.248 (3.06), 4.255 (1.45), 4.263 (2.71), 4.266 (2.51), 4.280 (0.86), 4.284 (0.76), 4.287 (0.97), 4.301 (0.83), 4.822 (1.57), 4.833 (1.97), 4.836 (1.81), 4.847 (1.42), 4.955 (0.50), 6.917 (1.69), 6.934 (1.78), 7.157 (4.44), 7.179 (4.39), 7.379 (1.37), 7.399 (2.56), 7.418 (2.19), 7.456 (2.47), 7.476 (1.38), 7.498 (0.60), 7.511 (1.75), 7.517 (2.26), 7.526 (3.58), 7.535 (2.42), 7.541 (1.85), 7.553 (0.62), 7.693 (2.64), 7.714 (2.42), 7.863 (1.42), 7.867 (1.07), 7.873 (0.73), 7.881 (1.00), 7.887 (1.21), 8.231 (1.30), 8.238 (1.07), 8.244 (0.54), 8.247 (0.59), 8.250 (0.71), 8.253 (0.98), 8.255 (1.14), 10.758 (2.49).

Intermediate 51 (rac)-ethyl (11 Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

In a microwave tube ethyl 6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 50, 750 mg, 1.37 mmol) was dissolved in 20 mL acetonitrile, cesium carbonate (2.24 g, 6.87 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. (2Z)-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (CAS 110-57-6, 220 μL, 2.1 mmol) and sodium iodide (412 mg, 2.75 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was heated overnight at 65° C. in a microwave. The mixture was poured into water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography, gradient hexane/ethyl acetate (0-100%) to give the titled compound (372 mg.)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.787 (3.14), 0.806 (7.38), 0.825 (3.21), 1.066 (1.02), 1.154 (1.82), 1.172 (3.76), 1.190 (1.94), 1.230 (0.50), 1.236 (0.47), 1.247 (0.60), 1.260 (4.74), 1.278 (10.37), 1.295 (4.74), 1.907 (0.52), 1.987 (5.83), 2.148 (0.72), 2.166 (1.60), 2.185 (2.19), 2.204 (1.82), 2.222 (1.50), 2.241 (1.22), 2.332 (0.92), 2.336 (0.42), 2.518 (4.88), 2.523 (3.49), 3.273 (0.67), 3.292 (1.40), 3.312 (1.87), 3.362 (0.42), 3.559 (0.60), 3.572 (0.72), 3.589 (0.90), 3.602 (0.80), 3.734 (0.82), 3.763 (1.22), 3.792 (0.70), 3.888 (16.00), 3.994 (0.40), 3.999 (0.55), 4.017 (1.42), 4.035 (1.45), 4.053 (0.52), 4.159 (1.99), 4.191 (2.62), 4.207 (0.77), 4.216 (1.57), 4.225 (1.87), 4.232 (3.19), 4.242 (1.87), 4.251 (2.42), 4.259 (0.67), 4.269 (2.02), 4.275 (0.80), 4.287 (0.77), 4.293 (1.87), 4.302 (0.42), 4.311 (1.72), 4.320 (0.97), 4.329 (0.57), 4.338 (1.00), 4.350 (2.52), 4.382 (1.94), 4.615 (0.52), 4.643 (0.60), 4.654 (0.80), 4.682 (0.87), 4.806 (0.92), 4.843 (0.65), 4.990 (0.47), 4.997 (0.50), 5.017 (0.92), 5.024 (0.90), 5.044 (0.50), 5.050 (0.47), 5.283 (0.42), 5.296 (0.65), 5.309 (0.62), 6.908 (1.69), 6.925 (1.84), 7.252 (4.09), 7.273 (3.96), 7.376 (1.42), 7.396 (2.59), 7.415 (2.22), 7.454 (2.72), 7.475 (1.62), 7.483 (0.90), 7.496 (1.67), 7.500 (1.55), 7.503 (0.97), 7.512 (1.99), 7.514 (2.34), 7.518 (2.47), 7.520 (2.04), 7.532 (1.67), 7.535 (1.87), 7.549 (0.82), 7.553 (0.62), 7.789 (3.54), 7.811 (3.34), 7.861 (1.67), 7.867 (1.17), 7.879 (1.77), 7.884 (1.40), 8.180 (1.32), 8.184 (1.35), 8.202 (1.30), 8.204 (1.27).

Intermediate 52 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(rac)-Ethyl-(l 1 Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,13,15-tetra-hydro-pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 51, 269 mg, 450 μmol) was dissolved in 65 mL THF. Tris(triphenylphosphine)-rhodium(I) chloride (292 mg, 315 μmol) was added and the mixture was vigorously stirred under hydrogen atmosphere for 7 hours. It was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatogafy using a silica column, gradient hexane/ethyl acetate 0-100% (240 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ [ppm]: 0.896 (2.88), 0.915 (7.02), 0.934 (2.97), 1.142 (0.42), 1.232 (0.52), 1.252 (0.53), 1.363 (4.32), 1.381 (9.52), 1.399 (4.62), 1.421 (0.71), 1.428 (0.71), 1.449 (0.54), 1.567 (7.69), 2.200 (0.58), 2.209 (0.42), 2.219 (1.39), 2.228 (1.31), 2.238 (1.27), 2.247 (1.33), 2.256 (0.43), 2.266 (0.56), 2.297 (0.64), 2.313 (0.96), 2.331 (0.96), 2.347 (0.68), 3.272 (0.42), 3.279 (0.58), 3.288 (0.91), 3.306 (0.96), 3.316 (0.49), 3.322 (0.85), 3.342 (0.54), 3.350 (0.58), 3.370 (0.83), 3.388 (0.55), 3.461 (0.50), 3.469 (0.55), 3.485 (0.45), 3.920 (16.00), 3.995 (0.59), 4.019 (0.41), 4.187 (0.96), 4.202 (1.94), 4.215 (0.97), 4.287 (0.51), 4.294 (1.07), 4.303 (0.71), 4.311 (0.98), 4.321 (1.87), 4.329 (0.58), 4.338 (1.65), 4.343 (0.82), 4.357 (0.63), 4.361 (1.62), 4.371 (2.21), 4.378 (1.60), 4.387 (0.71), 4.396 (0.58), 4.403 (2.57), 4.659 (2.15), 4.691 (1.79), 6.767 (1.44), 6.784 (1.55), 7.006 (0.45), 7.162 (3.17), 7.183 (3.63), 7.284 (0.48), 7.346 (1.31), 7.367 (2.25), 7.386 (1.95), 7.428 (2.12), 7.449 (1.26), 7.471 (0.61), 7.475 (0.51), 7.478 (0.62), 7.482 (0.45), 7.490 (0.80), 7.502 (2.15), 7.506 (1.52), 7.512 (1.71), 7.514 (1.74), 7.520 (1.54), 7.526 (2.18), 7.537 (0.55), 7.540 (0.41), 7.544 (0.43), 7.590 (3.21), 7.611 (2.95), 7.656 (0.45), 7.660 (0.50), 7.677 (0.41), 7.686 (0.47), 7.690 (0.52), 7.707 (0.44), 7.815 (1.16), 7.819 (0.76), 7.827 (1.04), 7.831 (0.76), 7.838 (0.97), 8.366 (0.97), 8.377 (0.82), 8.385 (0.55), 8.390 (0.92).

Intermediate 53 Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 50, 1.35 g, 2.47 mmol) was dissolved in 27 mL N,N-dimethylacetamide and cesium carbonate (4.03 g, 12.4 mmol) was added. This suspension was stirred for 10 min. at room temperature. Now tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)-methylcarbamate (see Intermediate 1, 1.32 g, 4.94 mmol) dissolved in 6.5 mL N,N-dimethylacetamide was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 72 hours. The mixture was poured into water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography, gradient hexane/ethyl acetate (0-100%) to give the titled compound (1.26 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.875 (0.66), 0.894 (0.49), 0.946 (2.43), 1.067 (1.89), 1.086 (3.46), 1.104 (1.77), 1.115 (0.54), 1.154 (0.77), 1.172 (1.46), 1.190 (0.83), 1.251 (4.74), 1.268 (11.83), 1.286 (7.23), 1.356 (4.60), 1.987 (2.31), 2.152 (0.46), 2.168 (1.23), 2.188 (1.63), 2.205 (1.43), 2.219 (1.29), 2.238 (1.23), 2.256 (1.37), 2.275 (1.06), 2.318 (0.51), 2.322 (1.09), 2.327 (1.46), 2.332 (1.06), 2.336 (0.51), 2.518 (5.20), 2.523 (3.57), 2.608 (0.43), 2.627 (1.43), 2.646 (1.71), 2.665 (3.46), 2.669 (3.51), 2.673 (2.91), 2.678 (2.20), 2.689 (1.91), 2.927 (0.71), 3.238 (1.46), 3.259 (2.09), 3.276 (1.40), 3.760 (7.00), 3.818 (1.11), 3.833 (16.00), 3.999 (0.80), 4.017 (0.97), 4.035 (0.94), 4.053 (0.54), 4.111 (0.57), 4.141 (0.77), 4.178 (2.23), 4.189 (2.37), 4.208 (2.74), 4.225 (3.74), 4.240 (2.14), 4.247 (3.43), 4.265 (2.97), 4.287 (2.17), 4.301 (1.80), 4.705 (1.94), 4.717 (2.86), 4.731 (1.74), 4.941 (0.43), 4.955 (0.89), 6.916 (1.83), 6.935 (1.86), 7.202 (5.26), 7.223 (5.77), 7.381 (1.80), 7.402 (3.34), 7.421 (2.80), 7.458 (3.49), 7.479 (1.89), 7.494 (0.49), 7.499 (0.86), 7.511 (2.17), 7.517 (3.34), 7.527 (4.77), 7.535 (4.03), 7.541 (2.74), 7.547 (1.40), 7.549 (1.31), 7.553 (1.46), 7.558 (1.17), 7.565 (1.49), 7.566 (1.11), 7.572 (1.20), 7.591 (0.94), 7.596 (1.74), 7.601 (0.43), 7.606 (0.66), 7.608 (0.91), 7.612 (1.43), 7.615 (1.29), 7.622 (1.66), 7.625 (1.74), 7.630 (0.94), 7.632 (0.89), 7.638 (0.60), 7.642 (1.03), 7.645 (1.09), 7.649 (0.46), 7.742 (4.77), 7.764 (4.37), 7.865 (2.00), 7.868 (1.51), 7.874 (1.03), 7.882 (1.46), 7.888 (1.69), 8.211 (1.63), 8.219 (1.40), 8.226 (0.80), 8.236 (1.60).

Intermediate 54 Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 53, 1.05 g, 1.44 mmol) with tetrachloromethane (550 μL, 5.7 mmol) and pyridine (460 μL, 5.7 mmol) was dissolved in 13 mL acetonitrile at 0° C. Now triphenylphosphine (1.51 g, 5.74 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was washed with toluene two times. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography, gradient hexane/ethyl acetate (0-80%) to give the titled compound (542 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ [ppm]: 1.074 (1.95), 1.228 (0.81), 1.252 (1.53), 1.261 (0.90), 1.270 (2.51), 1.287 (1.21), 1.371 (6.89), 1.388 (16.00), 1.406 (10.87), 1.434 (6.69), 1.565 (13.47), 2.056 (3.20), 2.288 (0.42), 2.304 (1.24), 2.320 (1.68), 2.339 (1.33), 2.355 (0.48), 2.396 (0.53), 2.414 (0.84), 2.433 (1.24), 2.453 (1.09), 2.471 (0.44), 2.769 (11.74), 3.332 (1.67), 3.351 (2.76), 3.370 (1.45), 3.951 (5.27), 4.075 (0.40), 4.105 (0.50), 4.123 (1.05), 4.140 (1.12), 4.158 (0.67), 4.207 (2.19), 4.223 (4.55), 4.238 (2.01), 4.326 (1.93), 4.331 (1.23), 4.344 (5.18), 4.362 (6.58), 4.380 (1.54), 4.429 (0.92), 4.459 (0.53), 5.310 (2.34), 6.784 (2.02), 6.801 (2.17), 7.006 (0.48), 7.177 (1.78), 7.198 (1.97), 7.352 (1.79), 7.373 (3.17), 7.392 (2.78), 7.433 (3.06), 7.454 (1.71), 7.488 (0.69), 7.501 (2.41), 7.504 (2.72), 7.506 (2.42), 7.514 (3.53), 7.522 (2.42), 7.525 (2.85), 7.528 (2.81), 7.539 (0.72), 7.644 (3.57), 7.666 (3.28), 7.817 (1.74), 7.822 (1.19), 7.830 (1.28), 7.835 (1.08), 7.841 (1.47), 8.357 (1.22), 8.368 (1.03), 8.381 (1.18).

Intermediate 55 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-[4-(methylamino)butyl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochlochloric Acid Salt

Ethyl-1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 54, 650 mg, 867 μmol) was dissolved in 16 mL ethanol and the hydrochloric acid in 1,4-dioxane (7.6 mL, 4.0 M, 30 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the pure product (617 mg).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.014 (3.36), 1.033 (7.61), 1.051 (3.42), 1.207 (0.82), 1.229 (1.13), 1.240 (1.10), 1.281 (0.49), 1.298 (0.57), 1.343 (5.40), 1.360 (12.36), 1.378 (5.79), 2.248 (0.92), 2.266 (1.23), 2.285 (0.98), 2.299 (0.53), 2.318 (0.72), 2.338 (0.96), 2.356 (1.10), 2.375 (0.82), 2.384 (0.47), 2.389 (0.94), 2.393 (1.39), 2.398 (0.90), 2.538 (3.25), 2.552 (10.19), 2.584 (4.69), 2.589 (3.23), 2.614 (0.82), 2.632 (1.08), 2.651 (1.00), 2.670 (0.84), 2.690 (1.00), 2.707 (1.23), 2.726 (1.25), 2.731 (1.41), 2.735 (1.51), 2.740 (1.19), 3.336 (1.21), 3.357 (1.66), 3.373 (1.21), 3.524 (0.57), 3.526 (0.41), 3.534 (0.49), 3.537 (0.57), 3.553 (0.51), 3.555 (0.45), 3.566 (0.45), 3.742 (0.45), 3.744 (0.47), 3.766 (0.51), 3.768 (0.43), 3.780 (0.41), 3.985 (16.00), 4.013 (1.04), 4.033 (1.58), 4.051 (0.86), 4.291 (1.39), 4.306 (2.86), 4.320 (2.52), 4.337 (4.66), 4.355 (4.42), 4.373 (1.25), 4.459 (7.94), 6.988 (1.76), 7.004 (1.90), 7.332 (4.15), 7.354 (4.46), 7.451 (1.41), 7.472 (2.70), 7.491 (2.27), 7.527 (2.70), 7.548 (1.49), 7.555 (0.57), 7.559 (0.72), 7.572 (1.62), 7.576 (1.43), 7.585 (1.74), 7.591 (2.99), 7.597 (1.76), 7.605 (1.58), 7.609 (1.84), 7.622 (0.78), 7.626 (0.53), 7.894 (3.83), 7.916 (3.46), 7.934 (1.58), 7.941 (0.96), 7.953 (1.70), 7.957 (1.37), 8.257 (1.37), 8.262 (1.37), 8.280 (1.29), 8.282 (1.33), 8.524 (0.86).

Intermediate 56 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-2,14-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-[4-(methylamino)butyl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric acid salt (see Intermediate 55, 617 mg, 96% purity, 863 μmol) was dissolved in 30 mL N,N-dimethylacetamide and sodium iodide (194 mg, 1.29 mmol) was added. After short stirring cesium carbonate (1.41 g, 4.32 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated overnight at 65° C. in a heating block. The mixture was poured into water and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. (622 mg, contains some N,N-dimethylacetamide).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ [ppm]: 0.887 (1.18), 0.906 (2.86), 0.925 (1.23), 1.363 (2.09), 1.381 (4.50), 1.398 (2.17), 1.629 (0.43), 2.093 (10.78), 2.125 (1.92), 2.214 (0.58), 2.222 (0.53), 2.233 (0.51), 2.241 (0.53), 2.316 (0.46), 2.333 (0.59), 2.350 (0.45), 2.950 (10.16), 3.022 (16.00), 3.315 (0.44), 3.393 (0.40), 3.428 (0.43), 3.461 (0.49), 3.564 (0.44), 3.902 (5.98), 3.915 (0.93), 4.203 (0.72), 4.219 (1.36), 4.235 (0.61), 4.297 (0.51), 4.307 (0.40), 4.315 (0.55), 4.324 (0.80), 4.342 (0.85), 4.357 (0.80), 4.374 (0.68), 5.309 (2.01), 6.767 (0.65), 6.786 (0.67), 7.169 (1.36), 7.190 (1.54), 7.340 (0.51), 7.360 (0.86), 7.379 (0.71), 7.426 (0.94), 7.446 (0.55), 7.497 (0.81), 7.499 (0.86), 7.502 (0.90), 7.511 (1.02), 7.517 (0.70), 7.520 (0.90), 7.523 (0.85), 7.591 (1.46), 7.612 (1.11), 7.812 (0.55), 7.816 (0.43), 7.825 (0.51), 7.835 (0.44), 8.367 (0.48).

Intermediate 57 (rac)-ethyl (11 Z)-4-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 42, 298 mg, 560 μmol) in 10 mL of acetonitrile cesium carbonate (912 mg, 2.80 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. (2Z)-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (CAS 110-57-6, 88 μL, 840 μmol) and sodium iodide (168 mg, 1.12 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at 70° C. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol) to give the title compound (240 mg, 71% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.71 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=584 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.794 (0.49), 1.005 (0.44), 1.083 (0.44), 1.262 (4.91), 1.279 (10.71), 1.297 (4.96), 1.798 (15.86), 2.209 (0.95), 2.226 (1.31), 2.243 (0.98), 2.518 (2.75), 2.522 (1.85), 2.673 (0.55), 3.198 (0.44), 3.253 (0.44), 3.269 (0.65), 3.287 (1.06), 3.307 (1.17), 3.561 (0.65), 3.574 (0.76), 3.591 (0.98), 3.604 (0.87), 3.728 (0.84), 3.756 (1.31), 3.785 (0.71), 3.859 (16.00), 4.158 (2.04), 4.190 (2.67), 4.207 (0.55), 4.220 (1.66), 4.224 (1.88), 4.235 (3.46), 4.242 (1.77), 4.251 (3.03), 4.260 (0.60), 4.269 (1.91), 4.276 (0.74), 4.287 (0.68), 4.293 (1.96), 4.311 (1.83), 4.320 (0.95), 4.329 (0.57), 4.338 (0.98), 4.355 (2.73), 4.386 (2.04), 4.619 (0.57), 4.645 (0.65), 4.657 (0.84), 4.684 (0.93), 4.827 (0.98), 4.865 (0.71), 4.996 (0.52), 5.003 (0.52), 5.023 (0.98), 5.030 (0.95), 5.050 (0.55), 5.056 (0.49), 5.262 (0.41), 5.275 (0.44), 5.289 (0.74), 5.301 (0.68), 5.758 (3.35), 6.915 (1.85), 6.932 (1.96), 7.252 (4.03), 7.273 (4.14), 7.378 (1.42), 7.398 (2.67), 7.417 (2.24), 7.453 (2.81), 7.474 (1.58), 7.482 (0.79), 7.495 (1.55), 7.499 (1.42), 7.511 (1.94), 7.514 (2.32), 7.517 (2.51), 7.531 (1.61), 7.535 (1.80), 7.548 (0.76), 7.552 (0.57), 7.790 (3.76), 7.811 (3.33), 7.860 (1.74), 7.866 (1.12), 7.879 (1.80), 7.883 (1.44), 8.173 (1.42), 8.178 (1.44), 8.198 (1.36).

Intermediate 58 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(rac)-Ethyl (11 Z)-4-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 57, 250 mg, 428 μmol) was dissolved in 47 mL of ethanol. Tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride (795 mg, 856 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at rt for 4 hours. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) (176 mg, 66% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.74 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=586 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.928 (0.44), 1.154 (0.84), 1.172 (1.82), 1.189 (1.45), 1.199 (1.01), 1.256 (5.16), 1.274 (11.26), 1.291 (5.46), 1.779 (15.98), 1.987 (1.84), 2.187 (0.91), 2.203 (1.28), 2.220 (0.93), 2.336 (0.47), 2.518 (5.90), 2.522 (3.93), 2.673 (1.01), 3.110 (0.71), 3.125 (0.66), 3.219 (0.47), 3.236 (0.64), 3.253 (0.93), 3.273 (0.54), 3.310 (2.06), 3.821 (16.00), 3.847 (0.47), 3.858 (0.76), 3.866 (0.52), 3.882 (0.49), 4.016 (0.42), 4.035 (0.39), 4.165 (0.49), 4.189 (3.15), 4.202 (3.29), 4.211 (2.46), 4.220 (4.30), 4.229 (2.36), 4.247 (1.84), 4.267 (0.74), 4.284 (1.72), 4.303 (1.60), 4.311 (0.98), 4.320 (0.52), 4.329 (0.96), 4.417 (2.36), 4.449 (1.94), 5.759 (4.79), 6.896 (1.84), 6.913 (2.02), 7.220 (3.88), 7.241 (4.25), 7.371 (1.50), 7.391 (2.75), 7.410 (2.26), 7.453 (2.85), 7.474 (1.67), 7.493 (0.49), 7.498 (0.74), 7.511 (1.82), 7.516 (2.61), 7.526 (3.69), 7.535 (2.92), 7.540 (1.97), 7.552 (0.79), 7.557 (0.52), 7.759 (3.71), 7.780 (3.29), 7.861 (1.55), 7.871 (0.84), 7.879 (1.13), 7.885 (1.33), 8.207 (1.35), 8.214 (1.13), 8.222 (0.64), 8.231 (1.25).

Intermediate 59 Ethyl 1-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]propyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 42, 2.00 g) was dissolved in 20 mL of DMF and tert-butyl 3-bromopropyl)carbamate (827 mg, 3.47 mmol, CAS 83948-53-2) and cesium carbonate (2.57 g, 7.89 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Tert-butyl 3-bromopropyl)carbamate (375 mg, 1.57 mmol, CAS 83948-53-2) was added and stirring was continued at rt for 12 hours. The mixture was poured into water and was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to obtain the title compound (1.42 g).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.69 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=689 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.066 (5.53), 1.263 (3.12), 1.281 (6.81), 1.299 (3.42), 1.355 (16.00), 1.367 (3.83), 2.004 (9.62), 2.084 (2.82), 2.171 (0.61), 2.190 (0.87), 2.205 (7.35), 2.408 (0.49), 2.424 (0.63), 2.444 (0.51), 2.518 (7.59), 2.522 (5.02), 2.728 (4.39), 2.888 (5.63), 3.243 (0.77), 3.264 (1.07), 3.280 (0.71), 3.725 (7.15), 3.826 (6.04), 3.938 (0.97), 4.078 (0.45), 4.092 (0.65), 4.108 (1.15), 4.123 (1.24), 4.150 (1.13), 4.162 (1.15), 4.180 (0.53), 4.193 (0.55), 4.213 (0.91), 4.228 (1.92), 4.239 (1.20), 4.254 (1.72), 4.256 (1.92), 4.271 (1.68), 4.275 (1.64), 4.285 (2.29), 4.299 (2.19), 4.674 (1.09), 4.686 (1.60), 4.700 (1.05), 4.932 (0.61), 4.946 (1.24), 4.960 (0.55), 6.625 (0.65), 6.927 (1.13), 6.944 (1.19), 7.200 (1.72), 7.221 (1.80), 7.383 (0.87), 7.404 (1.70), 7.423 (1.42), 7.458 (1.76), 7.479 (0.95), 7.513 (1.15), 7.517 (1.60), 7.527 (1.94), 7.537 (1.62), 7.541 (1.38), 7.553 (0.41), 7.738 (1.98), 7.759 (1.80), 7.865 (0.97), 7.868 (0.69), 7.879 (0.65), 7.882 (0.63), 7.888 (0.87), 7.951 (0.71), 8.218 (0.87), 8.229 (0.65), 8.242 (0.81).

Intermediate 60 Ethyl 1-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]propyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 1-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]propyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 59, 1.42 g), tetrachloromethane (800 μL, 8.24 mmol) and pyridine (670 μL, 8.24 mmol) were dissolved in 50 mL of acetonitrile. Triphenylphosphine (2.16 g, 8.24 mmol) was added, the mixture was stirred at rt for 5 hours and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (1.05 g).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.80 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=707 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.117 (1.47), 1.266 (3.00), 1.284 (6.57), 1.301 (3.56), 1.356 (16.00), 1.402 (1.89), 1.442 (0.45), 2.054 (8.45), 2.084 (2.86), 2.182 (0.66), 2.201 (0.91), 2.219 (0.73), 2.442 (0.63), 2.460 (0.77), 2.518 (13.03), 2.522 (9.12), 3.254 (0.80), 3.276 (1.22), 3.292 (0.91), 3.372 (0.98), 3.875 (5.80), 4.211 (1.19), 4.226 (2.06), 4.240 (1.22), 4.246 (1.15), 4.256 (1.43), 4.264 (1.64), 4.274 (1.47), 4.282 (1.43), 4.292 (1.36), 4.299 (0.52), 4.321 (2.24), 4.342 (1.54), 4.372 (0.52), 6.676 (0.70), 6.690 (0.38), 6.914 (1.12), 6.932 (1.26), 7.237 (1.71), 7.257 (1.82), 7.377 (0.87), 7.397 (1.68), 7.416 (1.40), 7.454 (1.78), 7.475 (0.98), 7.494 (0.42), 7.506 (1.08), 7.513 (1.54), 7.522 (2.41), 7.526 (1.15), 7.530 (2.13), 7.537 (2.03), 7.545 (2.03), 7.547 (2.72), 7.549 (2.79), 7.555 (2.45), 7.558 (1.92), 7.565 (2.93), 7.573 (2.59), 7.591 (2.10), 7.595 (3.46), 7.601 (0.94), 7.609 (1.99), 7.612 (3.00), 7.615 (2.66), 7.622 (3.60), 7.625 (3.56), 7.632 (1.89), 7.638 (1.36), 7.641 (2.27), 7.645 (2.13), 7.649 (0.98), 7.795 (1.96), 7.816 (1.78), 7.861 (1.01), 7.870 (0.52), 7.879 (0.80), 7.885 (0.87), 8.203 (0.87), 8.210 (0.77), 8.219 (0.45), 8.227 (0.84).

Intermediate 61 Ethyl 1-(3-aminopropyl)-6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric Acid Salt

Ethyl-1-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]propyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 60, 1.05 g, 1.48 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mL of ethanol and a solution of hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane (0.7 mL, 4 M, 2.97 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 days and was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (955 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.49 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=607 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.033 (5.03), 1.051 (9.90), 1.064 (1.26), 1.068 (5.20), 1.283 (1.70), 1.300 (3.79), 1.318 (1.76), 2.080 (5.37), 2.183 (0.56), 2.198 (0.67), 2.212 (0.47), 2.522 (0.84), 3.275 (0.46), 3.296 (0.65), 3.313 (0.43), 3.410 (1.65), 3.427 (4.95), 3.444 (4.99), 3.461 (1.57), 3.563 (4.85), 3.882 (5.87), 3.919 (0.76), 3.964 (16.00), 4.227 (0.55), 4.242 (1.10), 4.257 (0.60), 4.268 (0.49), 4.285 (1.18), 4.301 (1.05), 4.303 (1.04), 4.336 (0.65), 4.366 (1.28), 4.402 (1.28), 4.432 (0.63), 6.930 (0.68), 6.948 (0.72), 7.272 (1.41), 7.294 (1.46), 7.388 (0.49), 7.409 (0.94), 7.428 (0.78), 7.463 (1.01), 7.483 (0.54), 7.516 (0.64), 7.520 (1.11), 7.530 (1.53), 7.534 (0.77), 7.539 (1.45), 7.545 (1.88), 7.547 (1.41), 7.553 (1.20), 7.556 (1.16), 7.563 (1.52), 7.571 (1.34), 7.589 (1.06), 7.594 (1.88), 7.599 (0.46), 7.607 (1.00), 7.611 (1.56), 7.613 (1.41), 7.620 (1.86), 7.623 (1.85), 7.636 (0.65), 7.640 (1.13), 7.643 (1.08), 7.648 (0.46), 7.831 (1.30), 7.853 (1.26), 7.868 (1.01), 7.872 (0.95), 7.879 (0.97), 7.883 (1.14), 7.886 (1.18), 7.891 (1.13), 8.216 (0.49), 8.240 (0.47).

Intermediate 62 (Rac)-Ethyl 12-chloro-10,11-dimethyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrazolo[3′,4′:7,8][1,5]diazecino[9,10,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 1-(3-aminopropyl)-6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric acid salt (see Intermediate 61, 955 mg) was dissolved in 20 mL of DMF and cesium carbonate (2.42 g, 7.41 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 72 hours and was poured into water. The precipitated material was isolated by filtration to give the title compound (625 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.66 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=571 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.182 (0.39), 1.207 (0.53), 1.223 (0.74), 1.240 (5.23), 1.258 (11.02), 1.276 (5.69), 1.452 (0.53), 1.866 (0.42), 1.882 (0.53), 1.918 (16.00), 1.945 (0.85), 1.959 (1.02), 1.967 (0.95), 1.997 (0.88), 2.011 (0.88), 2.040 (0.42), 2.163 (1.17), 2.179 (1.59), 2.196 (1.24), 2.322 (1.09), 2.326 (1.55), 2.331 (1.20), 2.522 (11.73), 2.664 (1.13), 2.668 (1.59), 3.034 (1.55), 3.069 (1.73), 3.182 (0.42), 3.199 (0.64), 3.216 (0.81), 3.233 (1.06), 3.252 (0.67), 3.601 (1.87), 3.635 (1.77), 3.713 (0.64), 3.730 (0.92), 3.793 (14.80), 3.812 (1.13), 3.823 (0.95), 3.880 (0.53), 3.912 (0.71), 3.940 (0.60), 4.166 (0.67), 4.184 (1.48), 4.194 (2.08), 4.211 (3.71), 4.225 (2.23), 4.229 (2.72), 4.243 (2.26), 4.261 (1.98), 4.270 (0.99), 4.278 (0.74), 4.288 (0.92), 4.430 (0.74), 4.465 (0.71), 6.904 (1.91), 6.922 (2.01), 7.180 (3.60), 7.201 (3.96), 7.376 (1.41), 7.396 (2.65), 7.415 (2.19), 7.453 (3.00), 7.474 (1.84), 7.488 (0.81), 7.492 (1.06), 7.505 (2.01), 7.509 (2.01), 7.514 (2.26), 7.522 (3.89), 7.529 (2.47), 7.534 (2.23), 7.539 (2.23), 7.551 (1.41), 7.555 (1.20), 7.565 (0.99), 7.572 (0.85), 7.595 (1.13), 7.612 (0.95), 7.621 (1.09), 7.624 (1.13), 7.641 (0.71), 7.644 (0.71), 7.733 (3.32), 7.754 (3.11), 7.861 (1.91), 7.868 (1.24), 7.879 (1.80), 7.884 (1.59), 8.195 (1.38), 8.201 (1.48), 8.219 (1.55).

Intermediate 63 (Rac)-Ethyl 12-chloro-7,10,11-trimethyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrazolo[3′,4′:7,8][1,5]diazecino[9,10,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylate

(rac)-Ethyl-12-chloro-10,11-dimethyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrazolo[3′,4′:7,8][1,5]diazecino[9,10,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 62, 100 mg) was stirred in an argon atmosphere in 2 mL of ethanol. Acetic acid (20 μL, 350 μmol) and formaldehyde (66 μL, 37% purity, 880 μmol) were added. After 15 minutes sodium cyanoborohydride (22.0 mg, 350 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight at rt. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to obtain the title compound (57.6 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.79 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=585 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.256 (4.82), 1.273 (10.58), 1.291 (4.89), 1.381 (0.42), 1.553 (0.47), 1.746 (0.60), 1.814 (12.10), 1.965 (16.00), 1.985 (0.75), 2.020 (0.77), 2.084 (13.96), 2.162 (1.03), 2.179 (1.53), 2.196 (1.07), 2.379 (0.43), 2.407 (0.72), 2.439 (0.47), 2.454 (0.47), 2.460 (0.57), 2.518 (3.59), 2.523 (2.65), 3.064 (1.42), 3.095 (1.92), 3.215 (2.70), 3.231 (0.72), 3.247 (2.37), 3.268 (0.50), 3.306 (0.98), 3.358 (0.70), 3.769 (0.68), 3.791 (16.00), 3.824 (1.02), 4.168 (1.05), 4.178 (1.95), 4.182 (1.79), 4.196 (1.64), 4.206 (0.92), 4.214 (0.93), 4.223 (1.95), 4.232 (0.90), 4.241 (1.99), 4.251 (1.97), 4.259 (0.83), 4.268 (1.80), 4.277 (0.75), 4.286 (0.58), 4.295 (0.70), 4.463 (0.58), 4.475 (0.58), 4.496 (0.53), 4.511 (0.50), 5.759 (1.40), 6.872 (1.69), 6.889 (1.87), 7.125 (3.79), 7.146 (3.87), 7.365 (1.38), 7.385 (2.45), 7.404 (2.02), 7.448 (2.54), 7.468 (1.43), 7.490 (0.43), 7.495 (0.67), 7.508 (1.74), 7.512 (1.65), 7.516 (1.97), 7.524 (3.52), 7.532 (2.15), 7.535 (1.85), 7.540 (1.84), 7.544 (0.67), 7.547 (0.83), 7.552 (1.08), 7.555 (0.78), 7.565 (0.82), 7.572 (0.63), 7.591 (0.57), 7.596 (0.95), 7.609 (0.55), 7.613 (0.83), 7.622 (0.97), 7.625 (0.97), 7.630 (0.53), 7.642 (0.58), 7.645 (0.57), 7.701 (3.49), 7.722 (3.09), 7.859 (1.53), 7.868 (0.82), 7.876 (1.25), 7.882 (1.23), 8.202 (1.32), 8.208 (1.17), 8.218 (0.65), 8.226 (1.18).

Intermediate 64 Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 47, 740 mg, 1.35 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of DMF and tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)methylcarbamate (see Intermediate 1, 716 mg, 2.69 mmol) and cesium carbonate (2.19 g, 6.73 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)-methylcarbamate (Intermediate 1, 200 mg, 0.75 mmol) was added and stirring was continued at rt for 6 hours. The mixture was poured into water and was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to obtain the title compound (618 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.73 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=735 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.806 (0.47), 1.008 (0.97), 1.200 (0.50), 1.246 (6.62), 1.264 (11.36), 1.282 (5.46), 1.355 (4.49), 1.380 (2.48), 1.387 (0.85), 1.995 (2.67), 2.084 (16.00), 2.165 (1.25), 2.183 (1.66), 2.202 (1.32), 2.220 (0.66), 2.318 (0.63), 2.323 (1.32), 2.327 (1.85), 2.332 (1.32), 2.336 (0.60), 2.518 (5.80), 2.523 (4.27), 2.660 (2.76), 2.665 (3.39), 2.669 (3.95), 2.673 (3.45), 2.728 (8.03), 2.888 (10.23), 3.233 (1.44), 3.252 (2.13), 3.271 (1.38), 3.804 (15.72), 3.976 (0.44), 4.122 (1.19), 4.143 (2.26), 4.155 (2.07), 4.174 (0.91), 4.187 (0.85), 4.211 (1.76), 4.226 (4.17), 4.244 (4.17), 4.261 (3.04), 4.279 (1.00), 4.693 (2.01), 4.706 (3.48), 4.719 (1.82), 5.758 (1.69), 6.897 (1.19), 6.906 (1.57), 6.918 (1.22), 7.211 (5.46), 7.233 (5.36), 7.383 (1.19), 7.390 (1.38), 7.405 (1.66), 7.412 (1.85), 7.427 (1.35), 7.434 (1.44), 7.447 (3.89), 7.450 (4.14), 7.459 (7.12), 7.529 (0.56), 7.533 (0.41), 7.536 (0.56), 7.545 (1.00), 7.547 (1.35), 7.549 (1.25), 7.555 (1.22), 7.565 (1.57), 7.573 (1.35), 7.591 (1.13), 7.596 (2.01), 7.601 (0.47), 7.606 (0.78), 7.609 (1.10), 7.613 (1.69), 7.615 (1.44), 7.622 (1.95), 7.625 (1.98), 7.630 (1.13), 7.632 (1.04), 7.638 (0.78), 7.642 (1.25), 7.645 (1.32), 7.649 (0.78), 7.653 (2.16), 7.660 (2.07), 7.680 (2.01), 7.686 (2.01), 7.742 (4.71), 7.763 (4.24), 7.951 (1.19), 8.234 (1.63), 8.249 (1.73), 8.257 (1.69), 8.272 (1.57).

Intermediate 65 Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)-oxy]propyl}-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 64, 615 mg), tetrachloromethane (320 μL, 3.35 mmol) and pyridine (270 μL, 3.35 mmol) were dissolved in 20 mL of acetonitrile. Triphenylphosphane (878 mg, 3.35 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to obtain the title compound (420 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.84 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=753 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.017 (0.97), 1.252 (8.76), 1.269 (9.56), 1.287 (4.86), 1.352 (4.84), 1.385 (1.33), 1.957 (0.41), 2.040 (2.43), 2.057 (2.35), 2.084 (7.96), 2.176 (1.35), 2.195 (1.80), 2.212 (1.38), 2.322 (1.16), 2.327 (1.60), 2.332 (1.19), 2.518 (8.70), 2.523 (5.44), 2.665 (3.87), 2.669 (4.20), 2.673 (3.29), 2.905 (0.77), 3.245 (1.66), 3.264 (2.46), 3.282 (1.69), 3.805 (0.72), 3.850 (16.00), 4.211 (1.96), 4.226 (3.76), 4.240 (2.43), 4.253 (3.04), 4.270 (2.85), 4.288 (1.05), 4.341 (5.11), 5.759 (1.11), 6.887 (1.35), 6.896 (1.58), 6.908 (1.44), 7.252 (4.70), 7.273 (5.06), 7.374 (1.11), 7.380 (1.30), 7.397 (1.71), 7.403 (1.88), 7.418 (1.24), 7.425 (1.35), 7.442 (3.68), 7.447 (3.95), 7.455 (7.21), 7.547 (0.50), 7.555 (0.44), 7.565 (0.53), 7.572 (0.47), 7.596 (0.66), 7.613 (0.58), 7.622 (0.66), 7.625 (0.72), 7.642 (0.53), 7.645 (0.58), 7.652 (2.07), 7.658 (2.10), 7.678 (2.02), 7.684 (1.99), 7.803 (4.42), 7.825 (4.03), 8.225 (1.66), 8.240 (1.77), 8.248 (1.80), 8.263 (1.60).

Intermediate 66 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-[4-(methylamino)butyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric Acid Salt

Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 65, 420 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL of ethanol and a solution of hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL, 4.0 M, 40 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (411 mg) which was used without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.35 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=653 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.035 (0.91), 1.052 (2.25), 1.070 (1.20), 1.109 (0.79), 1.128 (0.87), 1.142 (0.95), 1.164 (0.83), 1.230 (0.43), 1.246 (0.46), 1.253 (0.56), 1.272 (4.44), 1.289 (9.47), 1.307 (4.38), 2.059 (12.40), 2.178 (0.83), 2.194 (1.07), 2.214 (0.85), 2.457 (3.08), 2.471 (6.84), 2.518 (3.99), 2.523 (2.87), 2.604 (0.83), 2.620 (1.14), 2.635 (0.79), 3.262 (1.07), 3.282 (1.47), 3.299 (1.01), 3.411 (0.76), 3.428 (1.55), 3.445 (2.13), 3.565 (16.00), 3.663 (0.41), 3.675 (0.46), 3.677 (0.48), 3.699 (0.45), 3.701 (0.41), 3.805 (0.41), 3.893 (12.94), 4.109 (0.43), 4.136 (0.46), 4.225 (1.26), 4.240 (2.54), 4.249 (1.32), 4.253 (1.69), 4.266 (1.98), 4.271 (2.13), 4.283 (2.01), 4.289 (1.82), 4.301 (0.66), 4.306 (0.52), 4.364 (6.26), 6.901 (1.05), 6.911 (1.28), 6.923 (1.08), 7.271 (3.45), 7.293 (3.58), 7.379 (0.77), 7.386 (0.81), 7.401 (1.10), 7.408 (1.16), 7.423 (0.77), 7.430 (0.97), 7.450 (2.62), 7.453 (2.71), 7.463 (4.55), 7.595 (0.43), 7.622 (0.45), 7.660 (1.32), 7.666 (1.30), 7.686 (1.28), 7.692 (1.26), 7.823 (2.92), 7.844 (2.60), 8.226 (1.12), 8.241 (1.18), 8.249 (1.14), 8.264 (1.05), 8.485 (0.70).

Intermediate 67 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,14-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-7-[3-(chloromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-[4-(methylamino)butyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric acid salt (see Intermediate 66, 384 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL of DMF and cesium carbonate (957 mg, 2.94 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 72 hours and was poured into water. The precipitated material was isolated by filtration and was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the title compound (163 mg, 64% purity) which was used without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.42 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=617 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 68 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoro-naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

The reaction was performed in four identical preparations using a quarter of all materials. Ethyl-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxa-borolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 9, 4.00 g, 7.25 mmol) and 4-bromo-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methanol (see Intermediate 19, 1.67 g, 7.61 mmol) were dissolved in 88 mL of THF. Aqueous potassium phosphate solution (29 mL, 0.50 M, 14 mmol) was added and the mixture was purged with argon for 10 minutes. XPhos Pd G3 (285 mg, 362 μmol) was added and the mixture was purged with argon for 10 minutes, was stirred for 20 minutes at 110° C. in a microwave reactor and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to give the title compound (2.72 g, 66% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.62 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=564 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.929 (0.88), 0.948 (2.01), 0.967 (0.89), 1.066 (16.00), 1.232 (0.88), 1.250 (1.94), 1.268 (0.90), 2.083 (1.23), 2.327 (0.41), 2.518 (0.50), 3.879 (2.74), 3.938 (2.61), 4.212 (0.49), 4.242 (0.46), 4.244 (0.52), 4.259 (0.52), 4.262 (0.55), 7.164 (0.69), 7.185 (0.70), 7.438 (0.45), 7.444 (0.46), 7.452 (0.95), 7.700 (0.53), 7.721 (0.48).

Intermediate 69 (rac)-ethyl-(11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-methyl-1,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 68, 2.20 g, 3.90 mmol) in 50 mL of acetonitrile cesium carbonate (6.35 g, 19.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at rt for 10 minutes. (2Z)-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (CAS 110-57-6, 450 μL, 4.29 mmol) and sodium iodide (1.17 g, 7.80 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 23 hours at 45° C. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the title compound (2.01 g, 84% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): Rt=1.78 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=616 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.783 (1.71), 0.802 (3.87), 0.821 (1.85), 1.231 (0.46), 1.248 (0.46), 1.257 (1.87), 1.274 (3.90), 1.292 (1.87), 1.989 (0.86), 2.007 (1.22), 2.026 (0.83), 2.233 (0.45), 2.249 (0.62), 2.265 (0.46), 2.729 (13.26), 2.888 (16.00), 3.300 (0.61), 3.314 (0.66), 3.506 (0.52), 3.888 (5.80), 4.087 (0.79), 4.122 (0.84), 4.217 (0.94), 4.231 (1.38), 4.245 (1.25), 4.262 (0.74), 4.286 (0.70), 4.304 (0.66), 4.689 (0.86), 4.723 (0.80), 4.777 (0.45), 4.910 (0.41), 6.874 (0.51), 6.882 (0.58), 6.895 (0.57), 7.273 (1.38), 7.294 (1.50), 7.353 (0.55), 7.359 (0.61), 7.433 (1.17), 7.437 (1.28), 7.446 (2.35), 7.643 (0.61), 7.650 (0.66), 7.670 (0.62), 7.676 (0.65), 7.814 (1.31), 7.835 (1.22), 7.951 (2.22), 8.145 (0.53), 8.160 (0.57), 8.168 (0.57), 8.183 (0.53).

Intermediate 70 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-methyl-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(Rac)-ethyl-(11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-methyl-1,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 69, 2.01 g, 3.26 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 120 mL of ethanol and 20 mL of THF. Tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride (6.06 g, 6.52 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere for 5 hours. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to give the title compound (1.51 g, 75% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.80 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=618 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.833 (4.65), 0.852 (10.63), 0.870 (4.91), 0.879 (0.47), 1.018 (0.93), 1.033 (1.37), 1.046 (1.16), 1.149 (0.64), 1.166 (0.88), 1.186 (0.61), 1.202 (0.54), 1.232 (1.51), 1.252 (5.53), 1.270 (11.21), 1.287 (5.20), 2.052 (0.82), 2.064 (0.74), 2.071 (1.91), 2.083 (2.06), 2.089 (1.90), 2.102 (1.82), 2.108 (0.72), 2.120 (0.72), 2.191 (0.90), 2.208 (1.28), 2.225 (0.97), 2.322 (0.70), 2.326 (0.98), 2.332 (0.70), 2.518 (4.43), 2.522 (2.90), 2.664 (0.70), 2.668 (0.95), 2.673 (0.70), 2.836 (0.79), 2.847 (0.52), 2.853 (0.51), 2.865 (0.82), 3.223 (0.44), 3.240 (0.64), 3.257 (0.97), 3.277 (0.56), 3.287 (0.59), 3.306 (1.24), 3.445 (0.82), 3.459 (0.74), 3.473 (0.75), 3.879 (16.00), 3.946 (0.46), 3.953 (0.43), 3.967 (0.72), 3.981 (0.56), 3.988 (0.47), 4.174 (2.04), 4.181 (0.79), 4.199 (2.06), 4.207 (4.63), 4.216 (2.04), 4.225 (2.68), 4.234 (0.67), 4.243 (1.82), 4.261 (1.05), 4.278 (1.72), 4.296 (1.65), 4.305 (0.97), 4.314 (0.52), 4.323 (0.95), 4.348 (0.39), 4.361 (0.87), 4.373 (0.51), 4.382 (0.46), 4.395 (0.77), 4.631 (2.21), 4.665 (2.00), 6.864 (1.29), 6.871 (1.34), 6.878 (1.19), 6.885 (1.39), 7.230 (4.11), 7.251 (4.24), 7.362 (0.88), 7.369 (0.98), 7.384 (1.37), 7.391 (1.49), 7.407 (1.06), 7.413 (1.11), 7.430 (2.54), 7.438 (2.80), 7.445 (6.04), 7.459 (0.47), 7.646 (1.59), 7.652 (1.62), 7.672 (1.59), 7.678 (1.55), 7.787 (3.66), 7.809 (3.34), 8.202 (1.37), 8.217 (1.42), 8.225 (1.37), 8.240 (1.31).

Intermediate 71 (rac)-ethyl-(11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 34, 1.00 g, 1.77 mmol) in 23 mL of acetonitrile cesium carbonate (2.89 g, 8.86 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. (2Z)-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (CAS 110-57-6, 210 μL, 2.0 mmol) and sodium iodide (531 mg, 3.55 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 23 hours at 45° C. and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the title compound (894 mg, 82% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.73 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=616 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.784 (3.24), 0.803 (7.54), 0.822 (3.46), 0.884 (0.85), 0.901 (1.69), 0.920 (0.90), 0.991 (0.68), 1.009 (0.61), 1.171 (0.55), 1.232 (0.90), 1.254 (5.04), 1.272 (10.81), 1.290 (5.00), 2.065 (2.17), 2.091 (0.53), 2.145 (0.77), 2.163 (1.69), 2.182 (2.30), 2.201 (1.86), 2.219 (1.51), 2.238 (1.27), 2.332 (0.92), 2.336 (0.42), 2.419 (0.48), 2.437 (0.50), 2.518 (5.08), 2.522 (3.53), 2.673 (0.92), 3.266 (0.75), 3.283 (1.45), 3.302 (1.47), 3.557 (0.64), 3.570 (0.77), 3.586 (0.96), 3.600 (0.85), 3.700 (0.75), 3.731 (0.85), 3.760 (1.58), 3.788 (0.70), 3.887 (16.00), 4.151 (2.06), 4.183 (2.59), 4.203 (0.50), 4.216 (1.60), 4.220 (1.88), 4.231 (3.33), 4.238 (1.82), 4.247 (3.02), 4.265 (1.88), 4.271 (0.70), 4.283 (0.68), 4.289 (1.84), 4.299 (0.42), 4.307 (1.67), 4.316 (0.92), 4.325 (0.55), 4.334 (0.94), 4.349 (2.65), 4.381 (2.04), 4.611 (0.55), 4.637 (0.66), 4.649 (0.85), 4.676 (0.94), 4.798 (1.01), 4.836 (0.70), 4.969 (0.53), 4.976 (0.50), 4.997 (0.99), 5.003 (0.96), 5.024 (0.53), 5.029 (0.48), 5.270 (0.44), 5.283 (0.70), 5.296 (0.68), 6.883 (1.25), 6.891 (1.34), 6.896 (1.14), 6.905 (1.38), 7.258 (4.16), 7.280 (4.08), 7.355 (0.83), 7.362 (0.99), 7.378 (1.34), 7.385 (1.45), 7.400 (0.96), 7.406 (1.05), 7.417 (0.42), 7.438 (2.76), 7.443 (2.96), 7.451 (5.94), 7.464 (0.44), 7.648 (1.56), 7.655 (1.62), 7.674 (1.58), 7.681 (1.56), 7.789 (3.51), 7.810 (3.29), 8.193 (1.32), 8.207 (1.42), 8.215 (1.38), 8.231 (1.34).

Intermediate 72 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(Rac)-ethyl-(11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 71, 890 mg, 1.44 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 53 mL of ethanol and 8.9 mL of THF. Tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride (2.68 g, 2.89 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere for 7 hours. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to give the title compound (748 mg, 84% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.78 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=618 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.784 (3.12), 0.803 (7.26), 0.821 (3.31), 0.896 (0.51), 0.913 (0.44), 1.165 (0.48), 1.192 (0.88), 1.206 (1.03), 1.218 (1.02), 1.228 (1.28), 1.250 (5.13), 1.267 (10.43), 1.285 (5.17), 2.084 (6.65), 2.117 (0.73), 2.135 (1.49), 2.156 (1.79), 2.176 (1.64), 2.194 (1.50), 2.213 (1.49), 2.331 (0.55), 2.518 (3.12), 2.522 (1.96), 3.122 (0.71), 3.136 (0.70), 3.146 (0.47), 3.235 (0.68), 3.253 (1.09), 3.280 (1.17), 3.299 (0.80), 3.314 (1.11), 3.849 (16.00), 3.868 (0.87), 3.893 (0.52), 4.159 (0.71), 4.175 (1.03), 4.189 (3.22), 4.198 (2.86), 4.208 (2.44), 4.220 (3.33), 4.226 (2.54), 4.243 (1.73), 4.262 (0.75), 4.281 (1.63), 4.299 (1.58), 4.308 (0.90), 4.317 (0.50), 4.325 (0.88), 4.420 (2.35), 4.451 (1.90), 6.862 (1.29), 6.868 (1.34), 6.877 (1.21), 6.884 (1.38), 7.212 (3.67), 7.233 (3.85), 7.375 (0.87), 7.381 (0.99), 7.397 (1.45), 7.403 (1.59), 7.409 (0.73), 7.419 (1.02), 7.430 (2.49), 7.440 (2.78), 7.446 (5.73), 7.461 (0.58), 7.646 (1.59), 7.652 (1.63), 7.672 (1.57), 7.678 (1.55), 7.747 (3.41), 7.768 (3.11), 8.210 (1.32), 8.224 (1.37), 8.233 (1.36), 8.248 (1.28).

Intermediate 73 Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-7-[3-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoro-naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 68, 2.48 g, 4.40 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mL DMF and treated with the cesiumcarbonate (4.30 g, 13.2 mmol). It was stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. Then the tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)methylcarbamate (Intermediate 1, 1.76 g, 6.60 mmol) was added and it was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and ethyl acetate, extracted three times, washed once with water and brine, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography twice (50 g column, silica, SNAP ultra, methylene chloride/ethanol 0%-10% ethanol; second time: hexane/ethyl acetate 50%-100%//ethyl acetate/ethanol 0%-10% ethanol) to provide the desired compound in 94% purity: 2.4 g

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.98 (t, 3H), 1.05-1.44 (m, 13H), 1.99 (s, 5H), 2.06-2.32 (m, 4H), 2.66 (br s, 2H), 2.83-2.98 (m, 2H), 3.25 (br t, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 4.07-4.36 (m, 7H), 5.18 (br t, 1H), 6.90 (dd, 1H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 8.25 (dd, 1H).

Intermediate 74 Ethyl 7-[5-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[3-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 73, 2.40 g) was dissolved in 62 mL dichloromethane and cooled with an ice bath. Then triphenylphosphine (1.26 g, 4.80 mmol) was added and it was stirred 10 minutes at this temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. Tetrabromomethane (1.59 g, 4.80 mmol) was added and it was stirred at room temperature over night. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by flash chromatography (50 g column, silica, SNAP ultra; hexane/ethyl acetate 0%-60%) to provide the desired and analytically pure target compound: 1.7 g

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.00 (br t, 3H), 1.09-1.40 (m, 15H), 2.11-2.31 (m, 4H), 2.67 (dd, 4H), 2.80-3.04 (m, 2H), 3.26 (br t, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.92-4.11 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.31 (m, 4H), 4.38-4.60 (m, 2H), 6.90 (dd, 1H), 7.26 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.82 (d, 1H), 8.24 (dd, 1H).—no OH signal detected.

Intermediate 75 Ethyl 7-[5-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-[4-(methylamino)butyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric Acid Salt

Ethyl-7-[5-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(methyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 74, 1.69 g, 2.08 mmol) was dissolved in 21 mL methanol and treated with the hydrogenchloride in dioxane (2.6 mL, 4.0 M, 10 mmol). It was stirred at 40° C. for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The 84% pure crude product was used without further purification: 1.7 g.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.99 (t, 3H), 1.09-1.25 (m, 4H), 1.29 (t, 3H), 2.08-2.22 (m, 3H), 2.29 (dd, 1H), 2.46 (t, 2H), 2.57-2.66 (m, 2H), 3.28 (br t, 2H), 3.80-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 4.03-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.17-4.34 (m, 4H), 4.52-4.82 (m, 3H), 6.83-6.97 (m, 1H), 7.28 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.84 (d, 1H), 8.23 (dd, 1H), 8.58 (br d, 2H).

Intermediate 76 Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

ethyl 7-[5-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-[4-(methylamino)butyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric acid salt (see Intermediate 75, 1.67 g) was dissolved in 11 mL DMF and treated with cesium carbonate (3.63 g, 11.2 mmol). It was stirred at 60° C. over night under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine once, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude was purified by flash chromatography. (28 g column, aminophase; hexane/ethyl acetate 0%-50% ethyl acetate) to provide the desired target compound in 73% purity: 399 mg

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.67-1.32 (m, 11H), 1.88-2.26 (m, 7H), 2.35-2.46 (m, 1H), 3.15 (d, 1H), 3.19-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.67 (d, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.88-3.98 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.36 (m, 4H), 4.40-4.52 (m, 1H), 6.88 (dd, 1H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.78 (d, 1H), 8.26 (dd, 1H).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.85 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=632 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 77 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-{3-ethyl-5-[(methylamino)methyl]-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-7-{3-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 39, 3.60 g, 5.58 mmol) was dissolved in THF, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.9 mL, 11.2 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (520 μL, 6.70 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. Methanamine (CAS 74-89-5, 28 mL, 2.0 M, 55.8 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the title compound (2.34 g, 64% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.72 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=656 [M−H]⁻

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.927 (6.80), 0.946 (16.00), 0.965 (7.07), 1.249 (6.80), 1.267 (14.87), 1.285 (6.97), 2.125 (10.62), 2.197 (0.47), 2.214 (1.35), 2.231 (2.06), 2.243 (1.59), 2.249 (1.60), 2.261 (3.05), 2.271 (1.37), 2.280 (3.41), 2.292 (1.66), 2.299 (3.74), 2.306 (1.45), 2.318 (2.42), 2.322 (0.84), 2.327 (0.96), 2.332 (0.70), 2.337 (0.87), 2.434 (1.25), 2.450 (1.92), 2.469 (2.92), 2.518 (3.16), 2.523 (2.42), 2.525 (1.99), 2.544 (0.56), 2.665 (0.63), 2.669 (0.89), 2.673 (0.67), 2.679 (0.47), 2.695 (0.96), 2.708 (0.63), 2.714 (0.80), 2.728 (1.56), 2.741 (0.63), 2.813 (0.62), 2.831 (1.03), 2.846 (1.12), 2.864 (0.69), 2.878 (0.44), 2.952 (0.84), 2.984 (0.90), 3.340 (2.79), 3.347 (2.35), 3.361 (1.33), 3.501 (0.89), 3.508 (1.10), 3.518 (1.02), 3.530 (1.89), 3.537 (1.77), 3.546 (1.93), 3.552 (1.50), 3.585 (1.50), 3.592 (1.86), 3.601 (1.77), 3.608 (1.87), 3.620 (1.02), 3.636 (2.30), 3.668 (1.46), 4.177 (0.73), 4.188 (2.20), 4.203 (4.48), 4.209 (3.45), 4.212 (2.91), 4.218 (3.66), 4.226 (2.55), 4.236 (3.58), 4.244 (0.89), 4.254 (3.39), 4.258 (1.40), 4.271 (1.32), 4.276 (2.78), 4.285 (0.64), 4.294 (2.45), 4.303 (1.25), 4.311 (0.70), 4.321 (1.20), 5.759 (3.21), 6.877 (2.36), 6.894 (2.56), 7.176 (6.25), 7.198 (6.15), 7.357 (1.92), 7.378 (3.42), 7.397 (2.93), 7.433 (4.18), 7.447 (1.99), 7.450 (2.69), 7.454 (2.86), 7.467 (1.87), 7.471 (1.85), 7.489 (1.73), 7.492 (1.86), 7.506 (1.22), 7.509 (2.50), 7.513 (2.10), 7.527 (1.23), 7.530 (1.12), 7.705 (5.11), 7.727 (4.74), 7.845 (2.43), 7.865 (2.13), 8.087 (2.22), 8.106 (1.93), 8.108 (2.03).

Intermediate 78 (rac)-ethyl-(11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,13,14,15-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl 6-chloro-7-{3-ethyl-5-[(methylamino)methyl]-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 77, 350 mg, 532 μmol) in 6.8 mL of acetonitrile cesium carbonate (866 mg, 2.66 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes at rt. (2Z)-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (CAS 110-57-6, 62 μL, 580 μmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 72 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/acetone) to give the title compound (170 mg, 45% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.85 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=710 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.755 (6.78), 0.774 (15.94), 0.792 (7.12), 1.137 (0.80), 1.262 (7.37), 1.279 (16.00), 1.298 (7.46), 1.967 (1.29), 1.984 (3.30), 1.988 (3.21), 2.003 (3.02), 2.007 (2.90), 2.022 (1.02), 2.084 (0.89), 2.227 (1.29), 2.246 (1.76), 2.261 (1.33), 2.327 (1.88), 2.331 (1.51), 2.336 (0.83), 2.359 (15.75), 2.385 (1.76), 2.397 (2.47), 2.408 (1.33), 2.518 (7.12), 2.523 (4.78), 2.669 (1.94), 2.673 (1.70), 2.687 (0.62), 2.692 (0.65), 2.705 (1.26), 2.718 (0.96), 2.723 (1.02), 2.736 (0.74), 2.773 (0.74), 2.791 (1.73), 2.810 (1.54), 2.822 (1.14), 2.840 (1.51), 2.955 (1.05), 2.986 (1.23), 3.022 (0.77), 3.140 (2.28), 3.173 (2.44), 3.267 (0.49), 3.281 (1.02), 3.299 (2.25), 3.555 (4.96), 3.567 (8.88), 3.578 (4.78), 3.686 (2.22), 3.719 (2.00), 4.198 (0.55), 4.216 (3.55), 4.232 (4.59), 4.243 (4.19), 4.261 (3.30), 4.272 (2.03), 4.278 (1.33), 4.290 (3.48), 4.299 (0.80), 4.308 (2.96), 4.317 (1.45), 4.325 (0.77), 4.335 (1.42), 4.353 (0.40), 4.509 (1.33), 4.527 (1.51), 4.546 (1.42), 4.560 (1.39), 4.577 (1.51), 4.706 (0.83), 4.736 (1.39), 4.764 (0.71), 4.867 (1.26), 4.904 (1.08), 5.272 (0.49), 5.292 (0.89), 5.319 (0.49), 6.902 (2.59), 6.919 (2.84), 7.253 (6.17), 7.274 (6.69), 7.372 (2.10), 7.393 (3.85), 7.412 (3.27), 7.451 (3.92), 7.472 (2.96), 7.490 (2.19), 7.493 (2.19), 7.497 (1.14), 7.510 (3.51), 7.515 (3.42), 7.530 (2.16), 7.534 (2.47), 7.547 (1.20), 7.551 (0.92), 7.784 (5.43), 7.805 (4.99), 7.858 (2.34), 7.877 (2.53), 7.881 (2.03), 8.161 (2.10), 8.164 (2.19), 8.180 (1.79), 8.183 (2.07).

Intermediate 79 (rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]-propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacyclo-undecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(Rac)-ethyl-(11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,13,14,15-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 78, 168 mg, 237 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 8.7 mL of ethanol and 1.4 mL of THF. Tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride (439 mg, 473 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere for 6 hours. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the title compound (136 mg, 81% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=712 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.717 (0.59), 0.745 (0.70), 0.798 (0.62), 0.814 (0.86), 0.824 (6.83), 0.843 (15.69), 0.862 (7.02), 0.904 (0.70), 0.982 (0.62), 1.035 (2.03), 1.052 (4.88), 1.070 (2.50), 1.098 (0.82), 1.127 (0.55), 1.231 (1.13), 1.258 (7.69), 1.276 (16.00), 1.294 (7.45), 1.902 (3.98), 1.985 (0.62), 2.013 (0.90), 2.049 (1.13), 2.067 (1.21), 2.086 (2.54), 2.105 (2.65), 2.108 (2.65), 2.127 (2.50), 2.149 (14.05), 2.164 (1.48), 2.183 (1.48), 2.203 (1.83), 2.220 (1.37), 2.327 (2.34), 2.331 (1.72), 2.336 (0.86), 2.362 (1.44), 2.378 (1.60), 2.390 (2.69), 2.401 (1.48), 2.431 (0.98), 2.518 (8.23), 2.523 (5.62), 2.669 (2.30), 2.673 (1.68), 2.678 (0.74), 2.701 (0.55), 2.706 (0.55), 2.720 (1.21), 2.732 (0.94), 2.738 (1.01), 2.751 (0.74), 2.768 (0.74), 2.786 (1.64), 2.804 (0.90), 2.817 (0.86), 3.130 (1.91), 3.163 (1.99), 3.223 (0.62), 3.240 (0.82), 3.258 (1.21), 3.278 (0.66), 3.362 (0.78), 3.379 (0.43), 3.422 (0.90), 3.435 (0.94), 3.440 (0.86), 3.452 (0.86), 3.546 (4.64), 3.558 (8.04), 3.570 (4.57), 3.719 (2.07), 3.752 (1.91), 3.933 (0.51), 3.967 (0.94), 3.994 (0.59), 4.183 (0.98), 4.201 (2.73), 4.206 (2.26), 4.219 (4.68), 4.228 (4.02), 4.236 (3.04), 4.246 (3.20), 4.264 (1.29), 4.283 (2.54), 4.291 (0.51), 4.300 (2.34), 4.310 (1.33), 4.318 (0.70), 4.327 (1.33), 4.344 (0.86), 4.356 (1.17), 4.369 (1.09), 4.389 (1.37), 4.406 (0.94), 4.423 (1.01), 4.441 (0.51), 4.465 (0.94), 4.500 (0.86), 6.900 (2.46), 6.917 (2.69), 7.218 (5.70), 7.239 (5.74), 7.372 (2.07), 7.392 (3.63), 7.411 (2.97), 7.455 (3.71), 7.476 (2.15), 7.493 (0.55), 7.497 (0.86), 7.509 (2.30), 7.514 (2.26), 7.517 (3.04), 7.525 (5.00), 7.534 (3.16), 7.536 (2.69), 7.541 (2.65), 7.553 (1.01), 7.558 (0.66), 7.773 (5.07), 7.795 (4.53), 7.863 (2.11), 7.871 (1.13), 7.880 (1.68), 7.886 (1.83), 8.216 (1.87), 8.222 (1.64), 8.232 (0.90), 8.240 (1.76).

Intermediate 80 ethyl-7-[1-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 4.41 g, 8.26 mmol) and 4-bromo-1-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]methanol (see Intermediate 26, 3.00 g, 8.26 mmol) in 15 mL of 1,4-dioxane and 5 mL of water were purged with argon for five minutes. Potassium phosphate (4.21 g, 19.8 mmol) was added and the mixture was purged with argon for 5 minutes. XPhos Pd G3 (839 mg, 991 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 50 minutes at 100° C. in a microwave reactor. The layers of the reaction mixture were separated and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified twice by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (2.20 g, 38% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.93 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=690 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.846 (16.00), 1.140 (0.50), 1.206 (1.24), 1.224 (2.73), 1.242 (1.26), 1.955 (1.23), 1.975 (4.22), 2.182 (0.45), 2.485 (1.26), 2.490 (0.82), 3.275 (0.49), 4.101 (0.49), 4.116 (0.53), 4.168 (0.45), 4.183 (0.84), 4.197 (0.48), 4.207 (0.77), 4.209 (0.82), 4.224 (0.73), 4.227 (0.70), 4.274 (0.42), 6.881 (0.48), 6.899 (0.51), 7.133 (0.81), 7.154 (0.83), 7.365 (0.66), 7.384 (0.53), 7.420 (0.72), 7.469 (0.41), 7.480 (0.44), 7.486 (0.83), 7.493 (0.44), 7.500 (0.40), 7.504 (0.42), 7.664 (0.76), 7.686 (0.68), 7.828 (0.42), 7.847 (0.40).

Intermediate 81 (rac)-ethyl-(11Z)-2-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-4-chloro-3-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

To a mixture of ethyl-7-[1-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 80, 2.20 g, 3.19 mmol) in 100 mL of acetonitrile cesium carbonate (5.19 g, 15.9 mmol), sodium iodide (955 mg, 6.37 mmol) and (2Z)-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (CAS 110-57-6, 500 μL, 4.78 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 72 hours at 70° C. The mixture was filtered and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (1.60 g, 68% yield).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.000 (0.47), 0.016 (0.47), 0.834 (0.86), 0.841 (16.00), 0.847 (0.89), 1.148 (0.60), 1.237 (1.15), 1.255 (2.57), 1.272 (1.19), 1.777 (3.62), 1.963 (1.14), 2.494 (0.72), 2.499 (0.49), 3.550 (0.54), 3.562 (0.58), 3.577 (0.41), 4.149 (0.62), 4.182 (0.81), 4.189 (0.45), 4.196 (0.42), 4.201 (0.47), 4.211 (0.85), 4.219 (0.41), 4.228 (0.66), 4.246 (0.43), 4.272 (0.43), 4.333 (0.64), 4.365 (0.46), 6.888 (0.42), 6.906 (0.46), 7.231 (0.90), 7.253 (0.98), 7.372 (0.61), 7.391 (0.50), 7.428 (0.63), 7.488 (0.51), 7.491 (0.56), 7.770 (0.85), 7.791 (0.78).

Intermediate 82 (Rac)-Ethyl 2-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-4-chloro-3-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(Rac)-ethyl-(11Z)-2-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-4-chloro-3-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 81, 1.60 g, 2.16 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 90 mL of ethanol and 30 mL of THF. Tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride (1.00 g, 1.08 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere until complete conversion. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (1.48 g, 92% yield).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.000 (0.65), 0.015 (0.46), 0.835 (1.33), 0.842 (16.00), 0.849 (0.95), 1.132 (1.69), 1.150 (3.49), 1.168 (1.88), 1.232 (1.24), 1.249 (2.56), 1.267 (1.26), 1.755 (3.80), 1.965 (6.17), 2.496 (0.51), 3.288 (0.43), 3.526 (0.46), 3.537 (0.47), 3.977 (0.46), 3.995 (1.36), 4.012 (1.31), 4.031 (0.42), 4.154 (0.55), 4.178 (1.00), 4.188 (0.80), 4.196 (0.55), 4.206 (0.73), 4.212 (0.79), 4.223 (0.50), 4.263 (0.41), 4.400 (0.55), 4.431 (0.46), 6.869 (0.46), 6.887 (0.49), 7.200 (0.94), 7.221 (0.95), 7.365 (0.63), 7.384 (0.49), 7.429 (0.66), 7.491 (0.57), 7.500 (0.85), 7.509 (0.60), 7.515 (0.43), 7.739 (0.86), 7.760 (0.76).

Intermediate 83 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(Rac)-ethyl-2-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-4-chloro-3-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 82, 1.48 g, 1.99 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL of THF and a solution of N,N,N-tributylbutan-1-aminium fluoride in THF (2.2 mL, 1.0 M, 2.2 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was poured into water and was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate, were filtered and were concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the titled compound (1.13 g, 90 yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.66 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=630 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.000 (4.51), 0.883 (5.79), 0.996 (0.42), 1.004 (0.42), 1.017 (0.42), 1.212 (0.75), 1.220 (0.96), 1.232 (1.00), 1.245 (0.94), 1.257 (0.67), 1.269 (0.52), 1.301 (5.05), 1.319 (11.09), 1.337 (5.41), 1.834 (16.00), 1.958 (1.19), 1.974 (1.78), 1.989 (1.30), 2.006 (0.40), 2.231 (0.82), 2.247 (1.19), 2.265 (0.88), 2.562 (3.88), 2.568 (2.71), 3.139 (0.71), 3.153 (0.63), 3.267 (0.44), 3.284 (0.61), 3.301 (0.88), 3.321 (0.50), 3.338 (0.59), 3.357 (1.80), 3.412 (1.13), 3.427 (2.42), 3.440 (2.44), 3.455 (0.94), 3.911 (0.71), 3.921 (0.42), 3.935 (0.46), 4.191 (0.92), 4.208 (1.98), 4.217 (2.15), 4.224 (1.50), 4.233 (2.40), 4.246 (4.07), 4.268 (2.24), 4.277 (4.41), 4.295 (1.88), 4.312 (1.04), 4.330 (1.73), 4.348 (1.63), 4.356 (0.92), 4.365 (0.48), 4.374 (0.92), 4.462 (2.36), 4.493 (1.92), 4.643 (1.48), 4.655 (3.59), 4.668 (1.40), 5.803 (2.53), 6.940 (1.84), 6.958 (1.98), 7.265 (4.03), 7.286 (4.22), 7.416 (1.40), 7.436 (2.63), 7.455 (2.09), 7.498 (2.67), 7.519 (1.52), 7.543 (0.56), 7.555 (1.63), 7.561 (2.59), 7.571 (3.45), 7.580 (2.92), 7.586 (1.75), 7.598 (0.58), 7.805 (3.51), 7.826 (3.26), 7.906 (1.50), 7.916 (0.77), 7.924 (1.04), 7.930 (1.27), 8.252 (1.34), 8.259 (1.06), 8.268 (0.61), 8.277 (1.21).

Intermediate 84 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-(3-oxopropyl)-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(Rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 83, 300 mg, 476 μmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of dichloromethane and a solution of 1,1,1-tris(acetyloxy)-1lambda5,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one in dichloromethane (1.4 mL, 15% purity, 710 μmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt. A solution of 1,1,1-tris(acetyloxy)-1lambda5,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one in dichloromethane (0.6 mL, 15% purity, 304 μmol) was added and stirring was continued for 18 hours at room temperature. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (399 mg) which was used without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.68 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=628 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.206 (0.74), 0.883 (0.55), 0.999 (1.17), 1.210 (0.69), 1.302 (2.86), 1.320 (6.07), 1.337 (3.00), 1.866 (8.78), 1.952 (4.22), 2.247 (0.77), 2.263 (0.57), 2.303 (13.53), 2.372 (0.51), 2.568 (1.93), 2.714 (0.50), 3.059 (0.78), 3.063 (0.82), 3.080 (1.03), 3.095 (1.06), 3.109 (0.53), 3.299 (0.55), 3.355 (1.25), 4.214 (1.31), 4.222 (0.69), 4.246 (2.56), 4.252 (1.62), 4.261 (1.29), 4.270 (1.15), 4.279 (1.37), 4.296 (1.03), 4.314 (0.59), 4.332 (0.96), 4.349 (0.91), 4.359 (0.54), 4.377 (0.53), 4.420 (0.54), 4.436 (1.06), 4.445 (1.62), 4.452 (0.81), 4.459 (1.03), 4.477 (1.47), 5.803 (16.00), 6.939 (1.06), 6.957 (1.12), 7.260 (2.10), 7.282 (2.24), 7.415 (0.78), 7.436 (1.47), 7.455 (1.12), 7.498 (1.53), 7.519 (0.88), 7.556 (0.95), 7.561 (1.57), 7.571 (1.97), 7.580 (1.72), 7.585 (1.08), 7.804 (2.09), 7.809 (1.00), 7.826 (3.05), 7.844 (0.82), 7.847 (0.83), 7.905 (1.74), 7.916 (0.59), 7.923 (2.01), 7.929 (0.91), 8.053 (0.71), 8.057 (0.87), 8.071 (0.74), 8.075 (1.03), 8.077 (0.87), 8.092 (0.70), 8.096 (0.90), 8.106 (1.32), 8.110 (1.23), 8.125 (1.08), 8.129 (0.99), 8.252 (0.75), 8.259 (0.63), 8.276 (0.74), 9.788 (1.21), 9.792 (2.51), 9.795 (1.27).

Intermediate 85 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-methyl-2-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]-propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]-indole-8-carboxylate

(Rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-(3-oxopropyl)-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 84, 399 mg, 635 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 11 mL of ethanol and 2.8 mL of dichloromethane. Acetic acid (73 μL, 1.27 mmol) and 1-methylpiperazine (CAS 109-01-3,110 μL, 950 μmol) were added. After stirring at room temperature for 15 minutes, sodium cyanoborohydride (79.8 mg, 1.27 mmol) was added and stirring was continued overnight. Water was added and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using amino-substituted silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the title compound (174 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.75 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=712 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.000 (0.69), 0.884 (0.93), 0.992 (0.79), 1.010 (0.96), 1.028 (0.59), 1.090 (0.39), 1.134 (0.42), 1.199 (1.08), 1.211 (0.81), 1.217 (1.57), 1.235 (1.30), 1.250 (0.86), 1.275 (1.37), 1.297 (5.74), 1.314 (12.02), 1.331 (5.77), 1.363 (0.56), 1.783 (0.42), 1.846 (16.00), 1.968 (0.52), 1.986 (0.81), 2.003 (1.13), 2.032 (2.50), 2.042 (0.83), 2.060 (0.47), 2.167 (15.14), 2.174 (7.26), 2.195 (2.26), 2.212 (1.42), 2.224 (2.09), 2.251 (2.01), 2.271 (3.66), 2.309 (1.55), 2.326 (1.94), 2.344 (1.74), 2.362 (1.89), 2.367 (2.36), 2.372 (2.70), 2.376 (2.23), 2.563 (4.91), 2.568 (3.41), 2.667 (1.25), 2.676 (0.98), 2.704 (0.59), 2.709 (1.10), 2.714 (1.52), 2.718 (1.06), 2.723 (0.52), 3.133 (0.49), 3.147 (0.81), 3.159 (0.79), 3.173 (0.52), 3.265 (0.54), 3.281 (0.76), 3.298 (1.01), 3.317 (0.64), 3.335 (0.79), 3.356 (1.91), 3.883 (0.44), 3.907 (0.81), 3.932 (0.54), 4.062 (0.44), 4.080 (0.44), 4.116 (0.44), 4.134 (0.74), 4.150 (1.33), 4.158 (1.01), 4.166 (0.98), 4.175 (1.37), 4.191 (1.23), 4.209 (1.35), 4.227 (2.01), 4.244 (4.00), 4.249 (3.98), 4.253 (3.02), 4.261 (2.63), 4.271 (3.04), 4.280 (3.26), 4.289 (2.23), 4.306 (0.74), 4.311 (0.79), 4.329 (2.09), 4.339 (0.47), 4.347 (1.91), 4.356 (1.13), 4.365 (0.56), 4.374 (1.10), 4.470 (2.48), 4.501 (2.01), 6.938 (2.18), 6.955 (2.23), 7.268 (4.91), 7.289 (4.81), 7.414 (1.67), 7.434 (2.99), 7.453 (2.31), 7.498 (3.09), 7.518 (1.79), 7.536 (0.52), 7.541 (0.76), 7.553 (2.11), 7.560 (2.77), 7.569 (4.20), 7.578 (2.72), 7.584 (2.11), 7.597 (0.76), 7.602 (0.42), 7.805 (4.07), 7.826 (3.68), 7.906 (1.84), 7.916 (0.98), 7.924 (1.33), 7.930 (1.50), 8.250 (1.60), 8.257 (1.42), 8.266 (0.81), 8.274 (1.42).

Intermediate 86 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-{5-ethyl-3-[(1E)-6-hydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 2.23 g, 4.18 mmol), 6-(4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)hex-5-en-1-ol (see Intermediate 30, 1.20 g), potassium phosphate (2.13 g, 10.0 mmol) and XPhos Pd G3 (424 mg, 501 μmol) in a degassed mixture of 15 mL of 1,4-dioxane and 5 mL of water were stirred for 30 minutes at 110° C. in a microwave reactor. The aqueous layer of the reaction mixture was separated and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (557 mg) and the Z-isomer (see Intermediate 87, 440 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.64 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=612 [M−H]⁻

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.854 (3.62), 0.872 (8.10), 0.891 (3.74), 1.062 (2.08), 1.066 (1.37), 1.075 (1.02), 1.081 (4.52), 1.100 (2.12), 1.145 (0.96), 1.157 (2.76), 1.164 (1.86), 1.172 (2.17), 1.176 (5.04), 1.183 (2.10), 1.190 (1.47), 1.195 (2.60), 1.223 (2.10), 1.235 (6.30), 1.252 (11.46), 1.270 (5.37), 1.429 (2.45), 1.436 (3.08), 1.445 (2.90), 1.862 (0.76), 1.879 (2.06), 1.896 (2.03), 1.913 (0.74), 1.987 (1.11), 2.147 (0.76), 2.151 (0.78), 2.164 (0.84), 2.182 (0.66), 2.197 (1.17), 2.215 (1.62), 2.233 (1.26), 2.243 (1.00), 2.262 (1.03), 2.281 (1.29), 2.300 (1.03), 2.332 (0.62), 2.365 (1.36), 2.383 (1.75), 2.402 (1.21), 2.421 (0.74), 2.518 (3.81), 2.523 (2.46), 2.560 (0.67), 2.579 (1.48), 2.597 (1.46), 2.606 (0.73), 2.616 (0.62), 2.625 (1.99), 2.644 (1.91), 2.673 (0.65), 3.240 (1.39), 3.255 (3.15), 3.268 (3.31), 3.283 (1.37), 3.296 (1.42), 3.318 (2.53), 3.372 (0.81), 3.377 (0.69), 3.387 (1.73), 3.392 (1.70), 3.401 (1.84), 3.405 (1.65), 3.416 (0.70), 3.638 (0.58), 3.682 (7.62), 3.722 (1.28), 3.762 (10.01), 3.797 (16.00), 4.193 (1.62), 4.208 (3.29), 4.225 (2.64), 4.243 (4.56), 4.259 (6.34), 4.271 (2.13), 4.278 (1.26), 4.342 (0.80), 4.355 (1.54), 4.360 (1.11), 4.368 (0.85), 4.373 (1.97), 4.386 (0.85), 5.501 (0.54), 5.530 (0.60), 5.639 (0.56), 5.657 (1.22), 5.675 (0.62), 5.679 (0.84), 5.697 (1.80), 5.715 (0.78), 5.758 (6.57), 5.869 (2.43), 5.910 (1.66), 6.052 (1.73), 6.144 (0.66), 6.158 (0.80), 6.173 (0.62), 6.198 (1.06), 6.402 (0.82), 6.442 (0.60), 6.897 (2.01), 6.915 (2.14), 7.150 (3.75), 7.172 (3.90), 7.371 (1.36), 7.391 (2.71), 7.410 (2.09), 7.452 (2.91), 7.473 (1.65), 7.494 (0.62), 7.507 (1.64), 7.511 (1.75), 7.514 (2.12), 7.523 (3.53), 7.531 (2.24), 7.539 (1.81), 7.551 (0.63), 7.701 (2.90), 7.723 (2.64), 7.861 (1.65), 7.870 (0.88), 7.879 (1.36), 7.884 (1.40), 8.217 (1.43), 8.224 (1.32), 8.233 (0.73), 8.241 (1.40), 11.012 (3.31).

Intermediate 87 ethyl-6-chloro-7-{5-ethyl-3-[(1 Z)-6-hydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

The title compound was isolated in the synthesis of Intermediate 86.

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.70 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=612 [M−H]⁻

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.860 (3.84), 0.872 (1.42), 0.879 (8.68), 0.891 (0.92), 0.898 (3.91), 1.074 (0.45), 1.093 (0.85), 1.112 (0.43), 1.154 (0.68), 1.172 (1.26), 1.190 (0.79), 1.233 (5.93), 1.251 (12.29), 1.269 (5.66), 1.299 (0.61), 1.308 (0.95), 1.318 (1.10), 1.335 (1.46), 1.350 (1.71), 1.368 (1.05), 1.376 (1.06), 1.391 (2.13), 1.407 (1.93), 1.423 (1.32), 1.433 (1.15), 1.449 (0.50), 1.987 (1.93), 2.195 (1.17), 2.211 (1.80), 2.228 (1.23), 2.244 (0.50), 2.280 (0.76), 2.299 (1.05), 2.317 (1.57), 2.322 (1.03), 2.327 (1.19), 2.332 (1.01), 2.336 (1.37), 2.383 (0.45), 2.402 (1.12), 2.422 (1.30), 2.440 (1.03), 2.459 (0.81), 2.518 (5.42), 2.523 (3.35), 2.534 (2.00), 2.551 (1.87), 2.569 (0.74), 2.664 (0.92), 2.669 (1.08), 2.673 (0.79), 3.271 (0.41), 3.287 (0.88), 3.295 (1.05), 3.304 (1.77), 3.314 (2.05), 3.350 (1.98), 3.366 (3.32), 3.379 (3.50), 3.395 (1.32), 3.797 (1.46), 3.806 (1.68), 3.846 (16.00), 4.017 (0.49), 4.035 (0.41), 4.199 (1.55), 4.214 (3.24), 4.225 (2.36), 4.242 (4.47), 4.260 (4.13), 4.271 (0.47), 4.277 (1.23), 4.312 (2.11), 4.324 (4.38), 4.338 (2.04), 5.363 (0.59), 5.381 (1.23), 5.392 (0.72), 5.399 (0.56), 5.410 (1.69), 5.428 (0.81), 5.537 (2.22), 5.567 (1.48), 6.908 (1.87), 6.925 (2.02), 7.146 (4.11), 7.167 (4.22), 7.374 (1.41), 7.394 (2.65), 7.413 (2.14), 7.452 (3.01), 7.473 (1.69), 7.487 (0.43), 7.491 (0.65), 7.504 (1.60), 7.509 (1.62), 7.513 (2.05), 7.520 (3.59), 7.528 (2.07), 7.532 (1.96), 7.537 (1.87), 7.549 (0.70), 7.553 (0.43), 7.694 (2.81), 7.716 (2.58), 7.860 (1.66), 7.868 (0.92), 7.878 (1.44), 7.884 (1.44), 8.206 (1.35), 8.212 (1.30), 8.222 (0.77), 8.230 (1.39), 11.035 (2.99).

Intermediate 88 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-7-{5-ethyl-3-[(1E)-6-hydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 86, 138 mg, 225 μmol) and ethyl-6-chloro-7-{5-ethyl-3-[(1Z)-6-hydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 87, 102 mg, 166 μmol) were dissolved in a mixture of 9 mL of ethanol and 9 mL of THF. Tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride (181 mg, 195 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere until complete conversion. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (143 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.69 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=616 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.851 (1.93), 0.870 (4.40), 0.889 (1.97), 1.015 (0.48), 1.032 (0.63), 1.048 (0.86), 1.053 (0.83), 1.066 (0.93), 1.075 (0.69), 1.080 (0.69), 1.098 (0.45), 1.125 (0.55), 1.144 (1.13), 1.154 (4.43), 1.163 (0.76), 1.172 (9.43), 1.182 (0.83), 1.189 (5.03), 1.198 (0.95), 1.216 (0.62), 1.240 (2.72), 1.258 (5.93), 1.275 (3.07), 1.301 (0.62), 1.320 (0.70), 1.339 (0.42), 1.987 (16.00), 2.177 (0.73), 2.184 (0.73), 2.195 (1.28), 2.204 (1.33), 2.214 (1.16), 2.222 (0.90), 2.279 (0.50), 2.297 (0.68), 2.316 (0.60), 2.371 (0.56), 2.390 (0.67), 2.409 (0.55), 2.518 (1.20), 2.523 (1.06), 3.206 (0.57), 3.221 (1.32), 3.236 (1.37), 3.251 (0.58), 3.288 (0.70), 3.309 (1.09), 3.608 (1.87), 3.770 (8.44), 3.999 (1.22), 4.016 (3.58), 4.034 (3.45), 4.053 (1.14), 4.191 (0.78), 4.206 (1.60), 4.213 (1.40), 4.222 (0.93), 4.227 (2.65), 4.239 (1.13), 4.246 (2.30), 4.264 (2.22), 4.282 (0.67), 6.896 (0.95), 6.914 (1.04), 7.139 (2.15), 7.161 (2.19), 7.370 (0.75), 7.390 (1.37), 7.409 (1.11), 7.452 (1.41), 7.472 (0.80), 7.507 (0.86), 7.512 (0.88), 7.515 (1.12), 7.524 (1.83), 7.532 (1.17), 7.534 (0.98), 7.539 (0.95), 7.674 (1.44), 7.696 (1.30), 7.861 (0.81), 7.864 (0.64), 7.870 (0.43), 7.878 (0.65), 7.884 (0.68), 8.226 (0.71), 8.232 (0.63), 8.250 (0.66), 10.964 (1.56).

Intermediate 89 Ethyl 7-[3-(6-bromohexyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 88, 140 mg) was dissolved in 5 mL of dichloromethane. Triphenylphosphane (143 mg, 545 μmol) and tetrabromomethane (CAS 558-13-4, 166 mg, 500 μmol) were added. After stirring for 3 hours at room temperature the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by flash chromatography twice using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol and dichloromethane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (121 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): Rt=1.86 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=678 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.852 (3.70), 0.871 (8.39), 0.890 (3.67), 1.075 (2.17), 1.082 (2.20), 1.126 (1.21), 1.145 (2.28), 1.154 (0.75), 1.164 (0.96), 1.172 (1.53), 1.190 (0.78), 1.245 (5.36), 1.263 (11.93), 1.281 (6.11), 1.301 (1.55), 1.319 (1.05), 1.509 (1.13), 1.526 (1.74), 1.542 (1.15), 1.987 (2.79), 2.198 (2.63), 2.217 (3.99), 2.235 (2.33), 2.262 (0.72), 2.281 (0.96), 2.299 (1.29), 2.327 (1.55), 2.331 (1.15), 2.336 (0.72), 2.380 (1.05), 2.391 (0.51), 2.399 (1.26), 2.411 (0.64), 2.417 (1.07), 2.430 (0.51), 2.436 (0.80), 2.518 (5.31), 2.523 (3.81), 2.544 (0.75), 2.673 (1.07), 2.678 (0.48), 3.295 (3.89), 3.312 (9.06), 3.499 (0.54), 3.516 (1.13), 3.532 (0.51), 3.609 (3.67), 3.771 (16.00), 4.017 (0.62), 4.035 (0.64), 4.193 (1.42), 4.208 (2.95), 4.223 (1.39), 4.234 (1.50), 4.252 (4.50), 4.270 (4.42), 4.288 (1.31), 5.801 (0.70), 6.896 (1.80), 6.914 (1.96), 7.144 (4.23), 7.165 (4.34), 7.370 (1.42), 7.391 (2.60), 7.410 (2.12), 7.452 (2.60), 7.472 (1.47), 7.488 (0.43), 7.492 (0.62), 7.505 (1.58), 7.509 (1.45), 7.515 (1.72), 7.522 (3.54), 7.530 (1.77), 7.534 (1.58), 7.538 (1.69), 7.551 (0.67), 7.555 (0.40), 7.682 (2.79), 7.704 (2.52), 7.861 (1.53), 7.869 (0.83), 7.878 (1.42), 7.884 (1.29), 8.222 (1.31), 8.228 (1.23), 8.246 (1.23), 10.998 (2.84).

Intermediate 90 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl-7-[3-(6-bromohexyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 89, 120 mg, 177 μmol) and cesium carbonate (288 mg, 884 μmol) in 50 mL of DMF were stirred at room temperature for 3.5 hours. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in a mixture of dichloromethane and water which was adsorbed on diatomite. The product was eluted with dichloromethane and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (110 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.85 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=598 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.544 (0.41), 0.568 (0.45), 0.795 (0.60), 0.809 (3.39), 0.828 (8.10), 0.847 (4.23), 0.870 (1.10), 0.889 (0.60), 1.001 (0.50), 1.017 (0.50), 1.126 (1.00), 1.145 (2.32), 1.158 (0.79), 1.164 (1.50), 1.185 (0.93), 1.232 (1.46), 1.255 (5.52), 1.273 (11.30), 1.290 (5.44), 1.316 (0.74), 1.337 (0.43), 1.761 (0.64), 1.780 (0.55), 1.798 (0.43), 2.169 (0.53), 2.184 (1.00), 2.215 (2.03), 2.233 (2.22), 2.252 (2.46), 2.271 (1.53), 2.290 (0.69), 2.332 (1.03), 2.336 (0.48), 2.411 (0.43), 2.518 (6.23), 2.522 (3.99), 2.543 (0.69), 2.673 (1.03), 2.678 (0.45), 2.727 (3.56), 2.729 (3.82), 2.888 (4.59), 3.216 (0.45), 3.232 (0.60), 3.249 (0.74), 3.270 (0.45), 3.292 (0.53), 3.313 (1.17), 3.499 (0.50), 3.515 (0.98), 3.532 (0.48), 3.608 (3.53), 3.827 (16.00), 4.013 (0.60), 4.038 (0.43), 4.198 (1.48), 4.202 (1.41), 4.207 (1.27), 4.216 (3.20), 4.225 (2.36), 4.233 (1.58), 4.242 (1.91), 4.260 (0.69), 4.280 (1.72), 4.298 (1.62), 4.307 (0.91), 4.316 (0.50), 4.324 (0.88), 4.450 (0.67), 4.485 (0.62), 5.758 (5.54), 5.801 (0.64), 6.891 (1.74), 6.908 (1.84), 7.216 (4.06), 7.238 (3.87), 7.368 (1.34), 7.388 (2.44), 7.407 (2.01), 7.449 (2.48), 7.469 (1.43), 7.480 (0.50), 7.483 (0.64), 7.497 (1.46), 7.501 (1.34), 7.511 (1.58), 7.516 (2.48), 7.521 (1.67), 7.530 (1.46), 7.534 (1.67), 7.547 (0.69), 7.551 (0.53), 7.763 (3.51), 7.784 (3.06), 7.857 (1.46), 7.863 (0.96), 7.876 (1.58), 7.880 (1.29), 7.951 (0.57), 8.181 (1.29), 8.185 (1.31), 8.203 (1.22), 8.205 (1.27).

Intermediate 91 Ethyl 3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-chloro-7-{5-ethyl-3-[(1E)-6-hydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-chloro-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxa-borolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 11, 3.00 g, 5.75 mmol), 6-(4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)hex-5-en-1-ol (see Intermediate 30, 1.65 g), potassium phosphate (2.93 g, 13.8 mmol) and XPhos Pd G3 (584 mg, 690 μmol) in a degassed mixture of 15 mL of 1,4-dioxane and 5 mL of water were stirred for 30 minutes at 110° C. in a microwave reactor. The aqueous layer of the reaction mixture was separated and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (820 mg) and the Z-isomer (see Intermediate 92, 921 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.80 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=602 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.007 (0.49), 0.007 (0.76), 0.848 (1.43), 0.856 (16.00), 0.864 (2.97), 0.883 (1.16), 1.059 (0.77), 1.078 (1.79), 1.097 (0.82), 1.168 (0.48), 1.173 (0.47), 1.184 (0.46), 1.224 (0.50), 1.240 (0.45), 1.284 (1.34), 1.301 (2.86), 1.319 (1.36), 1.426 (0.69), 1.433 (0.81), 1.442 (0.74), 1.793 (0.50), 1.878 (0.52), 1.895 (0.53), 2.519 (0.94), 2.622 (0.76), 2.641 (0.74), 3.047 (0.47), 3.053 (0.48), 3.254 (0.80), 3.267 (0.84), 3.390 (0.51), 3.402 (0.50), 3.601 (0.47), 3.617 (1.03), 3.634 (0.51), 3.759 (3.78), 3.790 (4.15), 4.240 (0.47), 4.253 (1.03), 4.259 (0.44), 4.266 (0.53), 4.277 (1.17), 4.295 (1.14), 4.370 (0.69), 5.695 (0.47), 5.755 (1.19), 5.861 (0.63), 5.901 (0.43), 6.194 (0.42), 7.200 (0.97), 7.222 (1.03), 7.649 (0.74), 7.671 (0.66), 10.944 (0.80).

Intermediate 92 Ethyl 3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-chloro-7-{5-ethyl-3-[(1Z)-6-hydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

The title compound was isolated in the synthesis of Intermediate 91.

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.86 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=602 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.010 (0.88), 0.007 (0.93), 0.850 (15.15), 0.864 (2.45), 0.882 (1.02), 1.052 (16.00), 1.080 (1.08), 1.099 (0.49), 1.142 (1.78), 1.274 (1.31), 1.291 (2.85), 1.308 (1.52), 1.333 (0.44), 1.374 (0.56), 1.390 (0.57), 1.403 (0.60), 1.408 (0.57), 1.412 (0.56), 1.419 (0.54), 1.774 (0.51), 2.305 (0.43), 2.509 (1.43), 2.533 (0.71), 2.630 (0.44), 2.650 (0.60), 3.030 (0.48), 3.036 (0.51), 3.349 (0.93), 3.363 (1.11), 3.377 (0.59), 3.601 (0.49), 3.617 (1.02), 3.633 (0.47), 3.792 (2.26), 3.830 (3.86), 3.924 (2.51), 4.267 (1.15), 4.284 (1.14), 4.295 (0.55), 4.302 (0.43), 4.308 (1.18), 4.322 (0.80), 5.391 (0.40), 5.517 (0.56), 7.181 (0.92), 7.203 (0.97), 7.631 (0.73), 7.653 (0.64), 10.955 (0.76).

Intermediate 93 Ethyl 3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-chloro-7-{5-ethyl-3-[(1E)-6-hydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 91820 mg) and ethyl 3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-chloro-7-{5-ethyl-3-[(1Z)-6-hydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 92, 920 mg) were dissolved in a mixture of 30 mL of ethanol and 90 mL of THF. Tris(triphenyl-phosphine)rhodium(I) chloride (1.34 g, 1.44 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at rt for 8 hours. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (1.10 g).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.81 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=604 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.007 (0.73), 0.844 (1.16), 0.856 (16.00), 0.862 (3.22), 0.881 (1.03), 1.053 (1.03), 1.072 (1.76), 1.091 (0.80), 1.199 (0.45), 1.281 (0.77), 1.288 (1.77), 1.306 (3.05), 1.323 (1.48), 1.789 (0.44), 1.984 (0.53), 2.314 (0.43), 2.402 (0.48), 2.422 (0.51), 2.514 (1.94), 2.519 (1.26), 2.598 (0.60), 2.617 (0.57), 3.045 (0.46), 3.220 (0.65), 3.234 (0.67), 3.352 (0.50), 3.365 (0.51), 3.600 (0.45), 3.616 (0.97), 3.631 (0.44), 3.718 (3.05), 3.764 (3.96), 4.205 (0.46), 4.219 (0.95), 4.231 (0.46), 4.280 (1.10), 4.298 (1.08), 4.324 (0.55), 5.755 (3.90), 7.187 (0.95), 7.208 (1.01), 7.622 (0.72), 7.644 (0.64), 10.885 (0.71).

Intermediate 94 Ethyl 7-[3-(6-bromohexyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 93, 1.10 g, 1.82 mmol) was dissolved in 30 mL of dichloromethane and triphenylphosphane (1.15 g, 4.37 mmol) was added at 0° C. After 10 minutes of stirring tetrabromomethane (CAS 558-13-4, 1.33 g, 4.00 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient hexane/ethylacetate/ethanol) to give the title compound (1.10 g, purity 50%).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.43 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=552 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 95 Ethyl 7-[3-(6-bromohexyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-propyl)-6-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-7-[3-(6-bromohexyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 94, 1.10 g, 50% purity) was dissolved in 50 mL of THF. 1H-imidazole (102 mg, 1.49 mmol), N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (6.1 mg, 49.7 μmol) and tert-butyl(chloro)dimethylsilane (CAS 18162-48-6, 180 mg, 1.19 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was stirred in pentane, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound (479 mg) which was used without further purification.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.051 (12.75), −0.007 (0.43), 0.007 (0.45), 0.825 (0.83), 0.832 (16.00), 0.840 (1.17), 0.845 (0.85), 0.848 (0.96), 0.855 (12.08), 0.860 (2.18), 0.879 (0.72), 1.073 (0.41), 1.080 (0.43), 1.288 (1.07), 1.296 (0.40), 1.305 (2.13), 1.323 (0.98), 1.346 (1.37), 2.211 (0.50), 2.320 (0.41), 2.511 (1.39), 2.516 (0.98), 2.662 (0.40), 3.296 (0.62), 3.313 (1.71), 3.614 (0.70), 3.761 (3.06), 4.279 (0.82), 4.296 (0.81), 5.263 (0.83), 7.186 (0.74), 7.208 (0.75), 7.538 (0.63), 7.540 (0.85), 7.543 (0.77), 7.548 (0.73), 7.551 (0.59), 7.558 (0.95), 7.566 (0.84), 7.584 (0.72), 7.588 (1.20), 7.600 (0.48), 7.602 (0.66), 7.606 (1.00), 7.608 (0.88), 7.615 (1.23), 7.618 (1.21), 7.625 (1.18), 7.631 (0.46), 7.635 (0.76), 7.638 (0.73), 7.646 (0.55), 10.918 (0.47).

Intermediate 96 (Rac)-Ethyl 7-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl-7-[3-(6-bromohexyl)-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-propyl)-6-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 95, 479 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL of DMF and cesium carbonate (1.17 g, 3.59 mmol) was added. After stirring at rt overnight the reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (419 mg) which was used without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.98 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=586 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 97 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(Rac)-ethyl-7-(3-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propyl)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 96, 419 mg) was dissolved in 20 mL of THF and a solution of N, N,N-tributylbutan-1-aminium fluoride in THF (860 μL, 1.0 M, 860 μmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the titled compound (233 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.37 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=472 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.000 (3.43), 0.613 (0.46), 0.642 (0.48), 0.842 (0.42), O. 859 (0.74), 0.869 (3.51), 0.883 (6.54), 0.888 (8.32), 0.900 (1.50), 0.907 (3.99), 0.918 (1.12), 0.928 (0.90), 0.937 (0.60), 0.947 (1.34), 0.964 (0.82), 1.007 (0.72), 1.080 (7.16), 1.090 (1.44), 1.097 (13.55), 1.115 (7.52), 1.134 (1.28), 1.179 (0.46), 1.211 (0.96), 1.234 (1.08), 1.269 (1.34), 1.274 (1.38), 1.335 (0.78), 1.355 (5.11), 1.372 (10.65), 1.390 (5.09), 1.757 (0.96), 1.762 (1.02), 1.779 (1.58), 1.795 (1.32), 1.812 (0.80), 2.110 (1.10), 2.235 (0.50), 2.249 (0.54), 2.256 (0.58), 2.274 (1.20), 2.293 (1.74), 2.311 (1.96), 2.327 (1.60), 2.345 (0.72), 2.376 (0.86), 2.562 (4.25), 2.568 (3.19), 2.583 (0.66), 2.989 (0.52), 3.006 (0.66), 3.023 (0.86), 3.044 (0.54), 3.082 (0.56), 3.102 (0.92), 3.120 (0.58), 3.135 (0.50), 3.449 (1.18), 3.462 (1.90), 3.467 (3.57), 3.479 (4.73), 3.484 (3.81), 3.493 (2.07), 3.497 (3.79), 3.501 (1.56), 3.514 (1.12), 3.808 (0.60), 3.814 (0.56), 3.875 (16.00), 4.051 (0.66), 4.076 (0.46), 4.283 (1.00), 4.292 (0.54), 4.300 (1.00), 4.310 (1.62), 4.318 (0.40), 4.327 (1.72), 4.345 (0.60), 4.363 (0.56), 4.381 (1.64), 4.388 (2.19), 4.401 (4.55), 4.408 (1.14), 4.413 (2.01), 4.426 (1.00), 4.492 (0.74), 4.528 (1.92), 4.541 (2.95), 4.554 (1.22), 5.803 (2.71), 7.308 (3.59), 7.330 (3.95), 7.570 (1.74), 7.573 (2.75), 7.577 (2.19), 7.581 (2.63), 7.584 (1.94), 7.591 (6.94), 7.594 (6.40), 7.600 (5.73), 7.602 (4.85), 7.609 (7.84), 7.617 (6.70), 7.636 (5.77), 7.640 (9.78), 7.646 (2.17), 7.654 (5.31), 7.657 (8.26), 7.666 (9.62), 7.669 (10.13), 7.674 (5.37), 7.683 (3.35), 7.686 (5.79), 7.690 (5.43), 7.693 (2.15), 7.759 (3.61), 7.781 (3.23).

Intermediate 98 (Rac)-Ethyl 7-(3-bromopropyl)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(Rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 97, 230 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL of dichloromethane and triphenylphosphane (141 mg, 536 μmol) and tetrabromomethane (178 mg, 536 μmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The same amounts of triphenylphosphane and tetrabromomethane were added and stirring was continued overnight. The reaction mixture was directly purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (129 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): Rt=1.72 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=534 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.570 (0.41), 0.598 (0.43), 0.820 (3.33), 0.839 (8.14), 0.858 (3.48), 0.870 (0.59), 0.890 (0.41), 0.915 (0.41), 0.932 (0.46), 1.208 (0.92), 1.230 (0.92), 1.261 (0.59), 1.287 (0.48), 1.323 (5.32), 1.340 (11.17), 1.358 (5.21), 2.105 (0.99), 2.122 (1.45), 2.140 (1.07), 2.188 (0.41), 2.202 (0.43), 2.207 (0.48), 2.226 (1.12), 2.244 (1.70), 2.262 (2.03), 2.280 (1.50), 2.298 (0.66), 2.317 (0.48), 2.518 (2.37), 2.522 (1.76), 2.541 (0.48), 3.062 (0.41), 3.079 (0.61), 3.096 (0.92), 3.117 (0.51), 3.133 (0.53), 3.153 (1.02), 3.171 (0.59), 3.187 (0.43), 3.560 (0.59), 3.568 (0.92), 3.577 (0.43), 3.584 (2.31), 3.601 (2.34), 3.610 (0.43), 3.618 (0.81), 3.626 (0.59), 3.830 (16.00), 4.021 (0.59), 4.030 (0.41), 4.046 (0.41), 4.264 (0.97), 4.274 (0.48), 4.282 (0.94), 4.292 (1.63), 4.309 (1.68), 4.327 (0.56), 4.331 (0.56), 4.349 (1.70), 4.367 (1.65), 4.376 (0.94), 4.385 (0.48), 4.394 (0.92), 4.459 (0.66), 4.495 (0.61), 5.757 (15.72), 7.287 (3.94), 7.309 (3.92), 7.755 (3.61), 7.776 (3.13).

Intermediate 99 Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(Rac)-ethyl-7-(3-bromopropyl)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 98,129 mg, 241 μmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of THF and cesium carbonate (471 mg, 1.45 mmol) and 6-fluoronaphthalen-1-ol (CAS 804498-72-4, 78.2 mg, 482 μmol) were added. After stirring at 50° C. overnight the reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (117 mg, 73% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.87 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=616 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.517 (0.39), 0.542 (0.44), 0.806 (3.58), 0.826 (8.44), 0.844 (4.13), 1.154 (1.01), 1.172 (1.40), 1.190 (0.85), 1.204 (0.55), 1.249 (5.66), 1.267 (11.72), 1.285 (5.57), 1.761 (0.42), 1.987 (0.90), 2.173 (0.66), 2.193 (1.53), 2.210 (1.97), 2.229 (2.47), 2.248 (2.51), 2.267 (1.62), 2.285 (0.70), 2.332 (0.90), 2.518 (5.01), 2.522 (3.63), 2.673 (0.90), 3.226 (0.57), 3.244 (0.79), 3.264 (0.48), 3.279 (0.55), 3.300 (0.90), 3.825 (16.00), 4.003 (0.61), 4.017 (0.52), 4.027 (0.42), 4.035 (0.48), 4.193 (1.29), 4.202 (1.66), 4.211 (2.03), 4.216 (2.99), 4.219 (2.84), 4.230 (1.46), 4.237 (1.99), 4.255 (0.63), 4.258 (0.70), 4.277 (1.75), 4.294 (1.66), 4.303 (0.96), 4.312 (0.50), 4.321 (0.96), 4.439 (0.68), 4.465 (0.42), 4.475 (0.66), 5.758 (0.92), 6.864 (1.25), 6.872 (1.27), 6.878 (1.07), 6.885 (1.33), 7.225 (3.96), 7.247 (4.31), 7.355 (0.83), 7.361 (0.96), 7.377 (1.25), 7.384 (1.38), 7.399 (0.92), 7.406 (0.98), 7.430 (2.47), 7.437 (2.62), 7.444 (5.88), 7.644 (1.49), 7.651 (1.55), 7.670 (1.51), 7.677 (1.53), 7.764 (3.72), 7.785 (3.23), 8.195 (1.31), 8.209 (1.38), 8.217 (1.33), 8.233 (1.27).

Intermediate 100 Ethyl 1-{4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]-propyl}-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 47, 3.00 g) was dissolved in 65 mL DMF and treated with the cesium carbonate (8.89 g, 27.3 mmol). It was stirred for 30 minutes under argon atmosphere. Then di-tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)-2-imidodicarbonate (see Intermediate 2, 2.31 g, 6.55 mmol), dissolved in 6 mL DMF, was added and it was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. Further di-tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)-2-imidodicarbonate (see Intermediate 2, 1.16 g, 3.27 mmol) was added and it was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. It was stirred at 60° C. over night. The DMF was removed under vacuum, the residue was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine once, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the crude product which was used without further purification: 6.94 g, 90% pure.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.154 (2.91), 1.172 (6.20), 1.190 (3.16), 1.243 (0.78), 1.261 (1.69), 1.278 (0.87), 1.375 (16.00), 1.403 (0.70), 1.426 (3.33), 1.435 (9.27), 1.440 (9.36), 1.448 (1.34), 1.987 (11.35), 2.009 (2.26), 2.518 (0.48), 3.252 (0.41), 3.541 (0.46), 3.801 (2.41), 3.999 (0.81), 4.017 (2.43), 4.035 (2.46), 4.053 (0.82), 4.225 (0.62), 4.242 (0.70), 4.258 (0.47), 4.680 (0.42), 7.213 (0.66), 7.235 (0.61), 7.449 (0.66), 7.459 (0.89), 7.741 (0.55), 7.762 (0.50).

Intermediate 101 Ethyl 1-{4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]butyl}-7-[3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-1-{4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]-propyl}-7-[3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 100, 4.48 g) was dissolved in 110 mL dichloromethane and cooled with an ice bath. Then triphenylphosphine (2.15 g, 8.18 mmol) was added and it was stirred 10 minutes at this temperature. The mixture was allowed to reach room temperature and tetrabromomethane (2.71 g, 8.18 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere over night. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and directly purified by flash chromatography (100 g column; silica; snap ultra; hexane/ethyl acetate 0%-100% ethyl acetate) to provide the desired target compound in 99% purity: 861 mg.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ ppm 0.88-1.22 (m, 4H) 1.27 (t, 3H) 1.37 (s, 18H) 2.05 (s, 3H) 2.15-2.24 (m, 2H) 3.25 (br d, 4H) 3.70-3.80 (m, 1H) 3.84 (s, 3H) 4.14-4.31 (m, 7H) 6.86-6.93 (m, 1H) 7.27 (d, 1H) 7.40 (td, 1H) 7.43-7.48 (m, 2H) 7.67 (dd, 1H) 7.82 (d, 1H) 8.25 (dd, 1H)—no OH signal detected.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.90 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=886 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 102 Ethyl 1-(4-aminobutyl)-7-[3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric Acid Salt

Ethyl 1-{4-[bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]butyl}-7-[3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 101, 2.41 g, 2.73 mmol) was dissolved in 28 mL methanol and treated with the hydrogen chloride in dioxane (3.4 mL, 4.0 M, 14 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the 77% crude product which was used without further purification: 2.1 g

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.81 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=686 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.267 (1.61), 1.284 (3.44), 1.302 (1.66), 2.061 (2.83), 2.066 (2.71), 2.194 (0.41), 2.518 (0.88), 2.523 (0.70), 3.162 (16.00), 3.279 (0.54), 3.891 (3.15), 3.893 (3.43), 4.219 (0.55), 4.226 (0.84), 4.234 (1.03), 4.253 (0.99), 4.262 (0.70), 4.270 (0.65), 4.280 (0.89), 4.288 (0.56), 4.353 (1.28), 4.897 (1.20), 6.907 (0.45), 7.264 (0.91), 7.285 (0.97), 7.399 (0.42), 7.406 (0.46), 7.445 (0.95), 7.449 (1.03), 7.458 (1.79), 7.654 (0.53), 7.660 (0.52), 7.680 (0.52), 7.686 (0.50), 7.814 (0.72), 7.818 (0.68), 7.836 (0.81), 7.840 (0.83), 7.860 (0.64).

Intermediate 103 Ethyl 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl-1-(4-aminobutyl)-7-[3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric acid salt (see Intermediate 102, 2.07 g) was dissolved in 14 mL DMF and treated with cesium carbonate (4.46 g, 13.7 mmol). It was stirred at 60° C. over night under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine once, filtered through a silicone coated filter and dried under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (55 g column, aminophase; methylene chloride/ethanol 0%-10% ethanol) to provide the desired target compound in 98% purity: 114 mg.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.919 (0.58), 1.005 (0.63), 1.066 (0.49), 1.105 (0.72), 1.114 (0.85), 1.157 (0.94), 1.161 (0.91), 1.180 (2.24), 1.198 (3.51), 1.216 (1.99), 1.229 (1.30), 1.248 (5.48), 1.266 (11.16), 1.284 (5.23), 1.704 (0.50), 1.758 (0.56), 1.779 (16.00), 1.834 (0.41), 1.863 (0.50), 1.897 (0.94), 1.911 (3.30), 2.067 (0.53), 2.086 (0.67), 2.099 (0.67), 2.117 (0.86), 2.137 (0.70), 2.178 (1.41), 2.195 (1.68), 2.212 (1.25), 2.518 (4.20), 2.523 (2.80), 3.170 (0.74), 3.190 (0.75), 3.206 (0.81), 3.224 (1.24), 3.240 (1.33), 3.259 (0.86), 3.283 (0.97), 3.303 (1.83), 3.447 (0.49), 3.546 (0.42), 3.572 (5.59), 3.642 (0.58), 3.730 (0.59), 3.760 (0.49), 3.770 (0.74), 3.793 (15.41), 3.912 (0.78), 3.921 (3.35), 3.944 (0.72), 4.175 (1.19), 4.192 (3.23), 4.202 (2.72), 4.210 (3.84), 4.219 (3.44), 4.237 (2.88), 4.254 (1.44), 4.275 (2.21), 4.285 (0.80), 4.293 (1.83), 4.302 (1.16), 4.310 (0.55), 4.320 (1.02), 6.862 (0.42), 6.871 (1.71), 6.878 (1.42), 6.885 (1.32), 6.892 (1.41), 7.173 (1.00), 7.198 (4.01), 7.219 (4.12), 7.358 (0.42), 7.378 (1.27), 7.385 (1.27), 7.401 (1.80), 7.407 (1.77), 7.423 (2.02), 7.430 (2.43), 7.435 (2.88), 7.442 (2.96), 7.449 (6.17), 7.463 (0.58), 7.617 (0.56), 7.623 (0.63), 7.642 (0.74), 7.649 (2.11), 7.656 (1.83), 7.675 (1.63), 7.682 (1.63), 7.703 (0.86), 7.725 (4.09), 7.746 (3.24), 8.216 (0.42), 8.231 (0.53), 8.239 (1.74), 8.254 (1.80), 8.262 (1.52), 8.277 (1.35).

Intermediate 104 Ethyl 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 103, 114 mg) was dissolved in 730 μL DMF and treated with the N,N-diisopropylethylamine (73 μL, 420 μmol) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (30 μL, 210 μmol). It was stirred at room temperature under argon atmosphere for 2 days. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and dichloromethane. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane three times. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine once, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by HPLC chromatography under basic conditions to provided the desired target compound in 98% purity: 33 mg.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.93-1.01 (m, 1H), 1.05 (br t, 1H), 1.12-1.20 (m, 1H), 1.27 (t, 3H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 2.13-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.89-3.28 (m, 3H), 3.35-3.45 (2H), 3.58 (d, 1H), 3.73 (d, 1H), 3.78-3.90 (m, 4H), 4.12-4.45 (m, 5H), 6.85 (dd, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 7.34-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 8.28 (dd, 1H).

Intermediate 105 4-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole

Phosphorus tribromide (12 mL, 122 mmol) was added at 0° C. to (4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methanol (see Intermediate 15, 25.0 g, 122 mmol) dissolved in 230 mL dichloromethane and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction was quenched through addition to aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, the phases were separated and the organic was washed with brine. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered through a plug of silica and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 26.8 g of the desired compound without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=1.82 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=267 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ [ppm]=2.23 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 4.42 (s, 2H).

Intermediate 106 2,2-difluoropent-4-en-1-ol

2,2-difluoropent-4-enoic acid (CAS, 55039-89-9, 20.0 g, 147 mmol) was added to a solution of lithium aluminium hydride (11.2 g, 294 mmol) in 400 mL diethyl ether at 0° C., stirred for 30 minutes and then warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched through the addition of water (11 mL), followed by 2-molar aqueous sodium hydroxide (11 mL), followed by a further 30 mL of water and the slurry was stirred overnight, magnesium sulfate was added and the reaction mixture was passed through celite and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure (300 mbar) to give the desired compound which was carried forward to the next step without further purification (27.0 g).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ [ppm]=2.68-2.81 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.88 (m, 2H), 5.23-5.29 (m, 2H), 5.76-5.85 (m, 1H)—OH not visible.

¹⁹F-NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ [ppm]=−107.89 (tt, 1F).

Intermediate 107 4-bromo-3-{[(2,2-difluoropent-4-en-1-yl)oxy]methyl}-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole

Sodium hydride (8.96 g, 60% purity, 224 mmol) was dissolved in 430 mL of THF at 0° C. under argon, 2,2-difluoropent-4-en-1-ol (see Intermediate 106, 18.9 g, 155 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes. 4-Bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (see Intermediate 105, 32.0 g, 119 mmol) was added and the reaction was warmed to 60° C. and stirred for 4 hours. Upon completion the reaction was cooled to 0° C. and quenched through the addition of water, the reaction was partitioned with ethyl acetate and the organic phase was washed with brine. The organic phases were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered through a silica plug and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the desired compound which was used in the next step without further purification (37.9 g).

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=2.26 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=188.9 [M+H]⁺ (fragment)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ [ppm]=2.24 (s, 3H), 2.71 (tt, 2H), 3.64 (t, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 5.17-5.23 (m, 2H), 5.77 (tt, 1H).

¹⁹F-NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ [ppm]=−104.11 (tt, 2F).

Intermediate 108 4-[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]-3,3-difluorobutan-1-ol

Carried out in two batches: Ozone was passed through a solution of 4-bromo-3-{[(2,2-difluoropent-4-en-1-yl)oxy]methyl}-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole, batch 1 (see Intermediate 107, 12.0 g, 38.8 mmol), batch 2 (see Intermediate 107, 13.2 g, 42.7 mmol) in dichloromethane, 240/264 mL, and methanol, 240/264 mL, for 55 minutes at −78° C. The reactions were quenched through the addition of sodium borohydride, batch 1 (2.94 g, 77.63 mmol), batch 2 (3.23 g, 85.4 mmol), and allowed to reach room temperature over 18 hours. The reaction mixtures were quenched through the addition of water and the organic solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residues were combined from both batches and dissolved in ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with water, followed by brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (silica) with 0-70% ethyl acetate in heptane as eluent to give 12.67 g of the desired compound (combined yield).

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=1.45 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=188.8 [M+H]⁺ (fragment)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ [ppm]=2.16-2.29 (m, 5H), 2.45 (bs, 1H) 3.69-3.83 (m, 7H), 4.56 (s, 2H).

¹⁹F-NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ [ppm]=−101.94-102.10 (m, 2F).

Intermediate 109 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-{3-[(2,2-difluoro-4-hydroxybutoxy)methyl]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-3-[3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl]-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 1.08 g, 2.03 mmol), and 4-[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]-3,3-difluorobutan-1-ol, (see Intermediate 108, 0.83 g, 2.64 mmol) were dissolved in a mixture of 8.8 mL of 1,4-dioxane and 2.2-molar aqueous potassium carbonate solution (2.76 mL, 6.08 mmol) and degassed for 20 minutes. XPhos Pd G3 (686 mg, 0.81 mmol) was added, the reaction was degassed for 5 minutes and then heated to 110° C. for 20 minutes in a microwave reactor. The crude residue was purified by reverse phase chromatography (C-18) with 10-100% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid in water with 0.1% formic acid to give 467 mg of the desired compound.

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=3.31 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=637.8 [M−H]⁻

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=1.35 (t, 3H), 1.96-2.09 (m, 5H), 2.30-2.37 (m, 2H), 3.39 (t, 2H), 3.54-3.74 (m, 4H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 4.32-4.37 (m, 3H), 4.41-4.46 (m, 1H), 6.76 (d, 1H), 7.16 (d, 1H), 7.34 (t, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.46-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.80 (q, 1H), 8.32-8.34 (m, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H).

¹⁹F-NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=−101.43-103.30 (m, 2F).

Intermediate 110 Ethyl 4-chloro-12,12-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Triphenylphosphine (1.53 g, 5.84 mmol), followed by di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (1.34 g, 5.84 mmol) were added to ethyl-6-chloro-7-{3-[(2,2-difluoro-4-hydroxybutoxy)methyl]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-[3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 109, 467 mg, 0.73 mmol) in 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran at room temperature and stirred for 16 hours. 2 mL of 4-molar hydrochloric acid in 1,4-dioxane were added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 1 hour. The reaction solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane. The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, followed by brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica) eluting with 0-50% ethyl acetate in heptane to give the desired compound, 1.50 g (25% purity).

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=3.75 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=622.3 [M+H]⁺

¹⁹F-NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃): δ [ppm]=−106.44-105.43 (dd, 1F), −90.90-91.71 (m, 1F).

Intermediate 111 tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)(2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl)carbamate

Tert-butyl (2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl)carbamate (CAS 198572-71-3, 5.0 g) was dissolved in 67 mL THF and 67 mL DMF and treated portion wise with the sodium hydride (662 mg, 60% purity). It was stirred at 65° C. for 2 hours, then 1,4-dibromobutane (CAS 110-52-1, 9.9 ml) was added and it was stirred at the same temperature under Argon atmosphere over night. The reaction mixture was diluted with methyl-tert.butyl-ether and water, it was extracted three times with methyl-tert.butyl-ether, washed with water and brine once, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was treated with dichloromethane and the precipitate was filtered off. The filtrate was purified by flash chromatography (55 g column, aminophase; dichloromethane/ethanol 0%-10%) to provide the 90% pure target compound: 7.76 g

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.25 (s, 9H), 1.89-1.95 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.61 (m, 4H), 3.72 (t, 2H), 7.90-8.01 (m, 2H), 8.08 (dd, 1H), 8.17 (dd, 1H).

Intermediate 112 Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoro-naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediated 34, 6.15 g) was dissolved in 70 mL DMF and treated with the cesium carbonate. It was stirred for 30 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere. Then tert-butyl (4-bromobutyl)(2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl)carbamate (see Intermediate 111, 9.5 g) dissolved in 70 mL DMF was added and it was stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was treated with water and ethyl acetate, the aqueous layer was extracted three times, washed with water and brine once, filtered through a silicone coated filter and evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (110 g column, aminophase; hexane/ethyl acetate 20%-100%) to provide the target compound in 88% purity: 2.1 g.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.958 (0.66), 0.977 (1.36), 0.996 (0.66), 1.066 (3.26), 1.085 (7.13), 1.104 (3.38), 1.171 (0.44), 1.188 (8.44), 1.232 (0.56), 1.259 (0.99), 1.276 (1.96), 1.294 (0.96), 2.518 (0.86), 2.522 (0.55), 2.608 (0.98), 2.627 (3.04), 2.646 (2.98), 2.665 (1.02), 3.266 (0.41), 3.760 (16.00), 3.840 (2.85), 4.212 (0.47), 4.223 (0.53), 4.230 (0.65), 4.241 (0.53), 4.259 (0.86), 4.277 (0.84), 4.287 (3.91), 4.301 (3.91), 4.723 (0.41), 4.940 (0.95), 4.954 (2.07), 4.968 (0.89), 5.758 (3.05), 7.217 (0.73), 7.238 (0.75), 7.445 (0.68), 7.448 (0.71), 7.457 (1.13), 7.751 (0.65), 7.773 (0.59), 7.977 (0.42), 8.061 (0.49), 8.064 (0.47), 8.112 (0.41).

Intermediate 113 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoro-naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-{4-[(2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl)amino]butyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric Acid Salt

Ethyl 1-{4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)(2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl)amino]butyl}-6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 112, 2.06 g) was dissolved in 23 mL methanol and treated with hydrochloric acid in dioxane (2.8 ml, 4.0 M). It was stirred at 40° C. over night under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was used without further purification: 2.1 g

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.909 (1.13), 0.928 (2.29), 0.946 (1.19), 0.973 (0.47), 1.063 (5.66), 1.082 (11.99), 1.101 (5.70), 1.184 (2.34), 1.226 (1.46), 1.244 (2.97), 1.262 (1.54), 1.273 (0.64), 1.588 (1.29), 2.172 (0.71), 2.190 (0.72), 2.209 (0.53), 2.468 (0.44), 2.518 (1.19), 2.522 (0.79), 2.605 (1.68), 2.624 (5.26), 2.643 (5.15), 2.662 (1.83), 2.668 (0.72), 2.684 (0.40), 3.162 (5.38), 3.230 (0.48), 3.250 (0.73), 3.267 (0.51), 3.562 (8.70), 3.771 (0.40), 3.789 (4.20), 3.838 (0.51), 3.844 (0.92), 4.089 (0.58), 4.120 (1.02), 4.178 (1.03), 4.208 (1.32), 4.217 (1.32), 4.225 (1.77), 4.242 (1.35), 4.256 (0.51), 4.293 (16.00), 5.781 (2.41), 6.891 (0.43), 6.901 (0.61), 6.913 (0.47), 7.201 (1.05), 7.222 (1.10), 7.400 (0.51), 7.407 (0.59), 7.422 (0.41), 7.429 (0.53), 7.437 (1.27), 7.447 (1.81), 7.453 (0.65), 7.641 (0.49), 7.648 (0.61), 7.667 (0.50), 7.674 (0.59), 7.735 (1.00), 7.757 (0.95), 7.831 (0.74), 7.835 (0.62), 7.842 (1.01), 7.849 (0.73), 7.852 (0.92), 7.855 (0.91), 7.935 (0.75), 7.942 (0.52), 7.946 (0.69), 7.952 (0.52), 7.959 (0.97), 7.965 (0.50), 7.971 (0.60), 7.976 (0.49), 7.983 (0.50), 8.087 (0.56), 8.232 (0.44), 8.246 (0.47), 8.255 (0.48), 8.270 (0.42).

Intermediate 114 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-14-(2-nitro-benzene-1-sulfonyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacyclo-undecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[5-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(6-fluoro-naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-{4-[(2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonyl)amino]butyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate-hydrochloric acid (see Intermediate 113, 2.06 g) and triphenylphosphine (5.04 g, 19.2 mmol) were dissolved in 98 mL THF and treated with the di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (4.43 g, 19.2 mmol). It was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate thrice, washed with water and brine once, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (25 g column, silica ULTRA; hexane/ethyl acetate 50%-100%//ethyl acetate/ethanol 0%-20% ethanol). The product fractions were treated with methyl tert-butylether and were sonicated. The recipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the target compound which was still contaminated with triphenylphosphineoxide: 1.01 g. The product was used without further purification.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.790 (1.59), 0.808 (3.51), 0.827 (1.70), 0.899 (0.41), 0.945 (0.45), 0.956 (0.41), 1.075 (0.48), 1.097 (0.97), 1.238 (2.72), 1.256 (5.05), 1.274 (2.54), 1.331 (0.63), 1.380 (2.27), 1.417 (2.86), 2.192 (1.00), 2.211 (0.86), 2.230 (0.73), 2.248 (0.66), 2.269 (0.61), 2.289 (0.57), 2.308 (0.43), 2.518 (2.67), 3.246 (0.63), 3.266 (0.50), 3.285 (0.59), 3.674 (0.48), 3.751 (0.61), 3.806 (0.68), 3.840 (7.34), 3.985 (0.88), 4.020 (0.95), 4.187 (1.13), 4.205 (1.99), 4.214 (1.54), 4.232 (1.20), 4.245 (0.52), 4.250 (0.54), 4.262 (0.86), 4.280 (0.79), 4.289 (0.48), 4.306 (0.43), 4.470 (1.27), 4.506 (1.09), 5.753 (16.00), 6.858 (0.68), 6.863 (0.70), 6.875 (0.73), 6.880 (0.79), 7.255 (1.59), 7.275 (1.63), 7.370 (0.48), 7.376 (0.52), 7.391 (0.79), 7.399 (1.04), 7.421 (1.63), 7.438 (2.74), 7.524 (2.81), 7.531 (2.90), 7.542 (7.71), 7.544 (7.61), 7.550 (6.57), 7.560 (8.59), 7.568 (7.57), 7.590 (10.97), 7.597 (2.72), 7.608 (9.54), 7.617 (10.81), 7.620 (12.03), 7.637 (6.75), 7.640 (6.69), 7.668 (0.93), 7.674 (0.86), 7.809 (1.90), 7.830 (2.24), 7.848 (1.38), 7.852 (1.50), 7.868 (0.95), 7.871 (1.02), 7.887 (0.50), 7.932 (1.34), 7.935 (1.13), 7.950 (0.97), 7.954 (0.88), 8.113 (0.95), 8.117 (0.97), 8.132 (0.75), 8.135 (0.79), 8.235 (0.75), 8.249 (0.75), 8.258 (0.73), 8.273 (0.63).

Intermediate 115 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-14-(2-nitro-benzene-1-sulfonyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacyclo-undecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 114, 175 mg) was dissolved in 1.2 mL acetonitrile and treated with the potassium carbonate (142 mg, 436 μmol). Then thiophenole (45 μl) was added. It was stirred at room temperature under Argon atmosphere for 2 hours. The precipitatet was filtered off and washed with acetonitrile. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate thrice, washed with water and brine once, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the crude product which was used without further purification: 206 mg.

Intermediate 116 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-14-(2,2,2-tri-fluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino-[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 115, 75.0 mg) was dissolved in 470 μL DMF and treated with the N,N-diisopropylethylamine (47 LμL) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (19 μL). It was stirred at room temperature under Argon atmosphere for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and methylene chloride, it was stirred for a few minutes, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was combined with the crude product of a batch started from 50 mg starting material, purified by HPLC chromatography under basic conditions to provide the target compound with 92% purity: 48 mg

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.82 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=771 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.80 (t, 3H), 0.90-0.98 (m, 1H), 0.99-1.10 (m, 3H), 1.17 (br dd, 1H), 1.20-1.33 (m, 4H), 2.11-2.22 (m, 3H), 2.24-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.89-3.11 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.34 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.72 (d, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 4.09-4.33 (m, 4H), 4.42 (t, 1H), 6.82 (dd, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 7.34-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.66 (dd, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 8.28 (dd, 1H).

Intermediate 117 Ethyl 4-chloro-14-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

(rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 115, 75.0 mg) was dissolved in 470 μL DMF and treated with the N,N-diisopropylethylamine (47 μL) and 2,2-difluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (18 μL). It was stirred at room temperature under Argon atmosphere for 2.5 hours The reaction mixture was diluted with water and methylene chloride, it was stirred for a few minutes, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by HPLC chromatography under basic conditions. To provide the target compound in 90% purity: 32 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.79 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=683 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.783 (1.28), 0.790 (0.64), 0.802 (3.20), 0.814 (0.64), 0.821 (1.60), 1.031 (7.04), 1.048 (12.80), 1.066 (7.04), 1.222 (0.64), 1.237 (2.24), 1.255 (4.48), 1.273 (2.24), 2.150 (0.64), 2.158 (0.64), 2.169 (0.96), 2.177 (0.96), 2.195 (0.64), 2.202 (0.96), 2.214 (0.64), 2.261 (0.32), 2.518 (4.16), 2.523 (2.88), 3.236 (0.32), 3.295 (0.64), 3.313 (0.64), 3.330 (0.64), 3.372 (1.28), 3.401 (5.44), 3.419 (16.00), 3.494 (2.56), 3.511 (1.28), 3.520 (0.96), 3.524 (0.96), 3.548 (0.64), 3.597 (0.96), 3.629 (0.64), 3.725 (0.32), 3.816 (6.72), 3.834 (0.64), 4.168 (0.96), 4.186 (0.96), 4.195 (0.64), 4.204 (0.64), 4.213 (0.96), 4.230 (0.64), 4.261 (0.64), 4.278 (0.64), 4.409 (1.92), 4.421 (3.52), 4.434 (1.92), 5.465 (0.32), 6.822 (0.64), 6.825 (0.64), 6.839 (0.64), 6.843 (0.64), 7.188 (1.60), 7.209 (1.60), 7.387 (0.64), 7.390 (0.32), 7.402 (0.64), 7.411 (1.28), 7.431 (1.28), 7.434 (1.28), 7.437 (1.28), 7.642 (0.64), 7.649 (0.64), 7.668 (0.64), 7.675 (0.64), 7.718 (1.60), 7.739 (1.28), 8.265 (0.64), 8.279 (0.64), 8.288 (0.64), 8.303 (0.64).

Intermediate 118 (1R, 2S)-cyclobutane-1,2-diyldimethanol

To a solution of 3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2,4-dione (CAS 4462-96-8, 750 mg, 5.95 mmol) in 18 mL THF at Rt was added lithium aluminum hydride (711 mg, 18.7 mmol) portionwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at RT. Then 1.1 mL of aqueous sodiumhydroxide solution (2M) and then sodium sulfate as solid was added and stirred for 30 min then filtered. The Residue was washed with ethyl acetate. The collected organic layers were concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage Isolera 30 g; ZIP Sphere cartridge) using ethyl acetate and heptane (0:100 to 100:0) to provide the target compound: 565 mg

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ 1.57-1.52 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.65 (m, 4H), 3.60 (dd, 2H), 3.85 (t, 2H).

Intermediate 119 [(1R,2S and 1S,2R)-2-{[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]methyl}cyclobutyl]-methanol

To a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (214 mg, 60% purity, 5.36 mmol) in THF (26 mL) was added (1R,2S)-cyclobutane-1,2-diyldimethanol (see Intermediate 118, 566 mg) as a solution in THF (2 mL). After 10 minutes of stirring 4-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (see Intermediate 105, 1.31 g) was added dissolved in THF (2 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 18 hours under argon. Saturated ammonium chloride solution was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl aceate. The combined organics were dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage Isolera 30 g; ZIP Sphere cartridge) using ethyl acetate and heptane (0:100 to 100:0) to give the target compound: 801 mg.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ 1.63-1.45 (m, 2H), 2.07-1.89 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.64-3.10 (m, 3H), 3.51-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.70 (m, 5H), 4.48 (s, 2H).

Intermediate 120 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-({[(1S,2R and 1R,2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}methyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 1.06 g) and [(1S,2R and 1R,2S)-2-{[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]methyl}cyclobutyl]methanol (see Intermediate 119, 600 mg) were coupled under conditions described in Intermediate 109 to provide the target compound: 680 mg. The crude product was used without further purification

Intermediate 121 Ethyl (9aS,11aR or 9aR,11aS)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-15-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9,9a, 10,11,11a, 12-octahydrocyclobuta[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino-[8,7,6-hi]indole-14-carboxylate—Stereoisomer 1

Di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate: (1.68 g, 7.30 mmol) was added to ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-({[(1S,2R and 1R,2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}methyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 120, 575 mg) and triphenylphosphine (1.91 g, 7.30 mmol) were dissolved in 63 mL THF and stirred overnight at room temperature. UPLC analysis of the reaction mixture showed two peaks with the correct mass. The reaction mixture solvent was combined with that from a batch starting with 100 mg of 6-chloro-7-[3-({[(1 S,2R or 1R,2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}methyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate, then diluted with ethyl acetate (125 mL), washed with water (150 mL) and brine (150 mL), dried over magnesiums sulfate and evaporated to a thick brown oil. This was purified via flash chromatography, eluting with 19:1 heptane/ethyl acetate, 8:2 heptane/ethyl acetate, 7:3 heptane/ethyl acetate and finally 1:1 heptane/ethyl acetate, giving the desired product (434 mg) as a mixture of the two isomers. This mixture was purified through a 60 g C18 cartridge, eluting with a gradient of 30% to 100% acetonitrile in water (+0.1% formic acid), to give Stereoisomer 1 (86 mg, Intermediate 121), and Stereoisomer 2 (140 mg, Intermediate 122).

Intermediate 121

¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-D, 400 MHz): 8.35-8.39 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.46-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.11 (d, 1H), 6.78 (d, 1H), 4.52 (d, 1H), 4.32 (q, 2H), 4.13-4.26 (m, 4H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.88-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.66 (dd, 2H), 3.28-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.34 (m, 3H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.85-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 1H, under water peak), 1.36 (t, 3H), 1.11-1.21 (m, 1H).

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=2.65 min, MS (ESIpos): 612 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 122

¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-D, 400 MHz): 8.35-8.39 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.47-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 6.75 (d, 1H), 4.71 (d, 1H), 4.34 (q, 2H), 4.05-4.28 (m, 5H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.50 (s, 2H), 3.25-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.42 (m, 3H), 1.86 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.60 (m, 1H, under water peak), 1.36 (t, 3H), 1.00-1.20 (m, 1H), 0.80-0.87 (m, 1H).

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=2.96 min, MS (ESIpos): 612 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 122 Ethyl (9aS,11aR or 9aR, 11aS)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-15-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9,9a, 10,11,11a, 12-octahydrocyclobuta[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino-[8,7,6-hi]indole-14-carboxylate—Stereoisomer 2

See Intermediate 121

Intermediate 123 (1R,2S)-cyclopropane-1,2-diyldimethanol

To a solution of dimethyl (1R,2S)-cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylate (5.00 g, 31.6 mmol) in 45 mL THF at 0° C. was added Lithium aluminum hydride (2.40 g, 63.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to RT overnight. Then 0.3 mL water 0.3 mL aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2.0 M), and 3 mL water were added. The residue was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over solid sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage Isolera 30 g; ZIP Sphere cartridge) using ethyl acetate and heptane (0:100 to 100:0) to give the desired target compound: 2.25 g.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=0.21 (q, 1H), 0.77-0.83 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.25 (m, 2H), 2.56 (s, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 2H), 4.10 (dd, 2H).

Intermediate 124 [(1R,2S and 1S,2R)-2-{[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]methyl}cyclopropyl]-methanol

To a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (176 mg, 60% purity, 4.39 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added (1R,2S)-cyclopropane-1,2-diyldimethanol (see Intermediate 123, 408 mg, 3.99 mmol) as a solution in THF (3 mL). After 10 mins 4-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (see Intermediate 105, 1.07 g, 3.99 mmol) was added dissolved in THF (4 mL). The reaction mixture was heated overnight at 60° C. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution and extracted with dichloromethane twice. The collected organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage Isolera; 120 g ZIP Sphere cartridge) using ethyl acetate and heptane (0:100 to 100:0) to give the target compound: 687 mg.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D): 0.17 (q, 1H), 0.73-087 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.39 (m, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.24 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.89-3.99 (m, 2H), 4.49 (dd, 2H).

Intermediate 125 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-({[(1S,2R and 1R,2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}methyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 1.58 g) and [(1S,2R and 1R,2S)-2-{[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]methyl}cyclopropyl]methanol (see Intermediate 124, 856 mg, 2.96 mmol) were coupled under conditions described in Intermediate 109 with toluene/water instead of dioxane/water as solvent to provide the target compound: 1.3 g.

¹HNMR (CHLOROFORM-D, 400 MHz): 8.29-8.36 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.44-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.16 (dd, 1H), 6.75 (d, 1H), 4.28-4.56 (m, 5H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 3.90-3.97 (m, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.39 (t, 1H), 3.10-3.28 (m, 3H), 2.29-2.37 (m, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.25-1.43 (m, 6H), 0.75-0.80 (m, 1H), 0.14-0.19 (m, 1H).

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=3.34 min, 40% and RT=3.38 mins, MS (ESIpos): 616[M+H]⁺.

Used for Mitsunobu reaction (Intermediate 126) without further purification.

Intermediate 126 Ethyl (9aS,10aR or 9aR,10aS)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-14-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9a, 10,10a, 11-hexahydro-9H-cyclopropa[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino-[8,7,6-hi]indole-13-carboxylate—Stereoisomer 1

Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[3-({[(1S,2R and 1R,2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}methyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 125, 1.30 g) were cyclized empoying the reaction conditions as described for Intermediate 121 to provide the target compound as separated stereoisomers:

Stereoisomer 1 (Intermediate 126): 125 mg

¹H NMR (Chloroform-D, 400 MHz): 8.36-8.39 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.48-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.36 (t, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H), 6.79 (d, 1H), 4.66 (t, 2H), 4.36-4.44 (m, 1H), 4.27-4.35 (m, 1H), 4.19-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.83 (dd, 1H), 3.67 (dd, 1H), 3.35-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.33 (m, 1H), 2.50 (t, 1H), 2.26-2.34 (m, 2H), 1.88 (s, 3H), 1.41-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.37 (t, 3H), 0.99-1.08 (m, 1H), 0.71-0.81 (m, 1H), 0.60-0.69 (m, 1H), −0.22 (q, 1H).

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=2.34 min MS (ESIpos): 598. [M+H]⁺

Stereoisomer 2 (Intermediate 127): 74 mg

¹H NMR (Chloroform-D, 400 MHz): 8.34-8.38 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 7.46-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 7.35 (t, 1H), 7.13 (d, 1H), 6.76 (d, 1H), 4.14-4.47 (m, 6H), 4.03 (dd, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.62 (d, 1H), 3.32-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.36 (m, 2H), 1.89 (s, 3H), 1.41-1.46 (m, 1H), 1.34 (t, 3H), 1.10-1.20 (m, 1H), 0.84-0.94 (m, 1H), 0.24 (td, 1H), −0.48 (q, 1H).

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=2.53 min, MS (ESIpos): 598 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 127 Ethyl (9aS,10aR or 9aR,10aS)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-14-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9a, 10,10a, 11-hexahydro-9H-cyclopropa[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino-[8,7,6-hi]indole-13-carboxylate—Stereoisomer 2

See Intermediate 126

Intermediate 128 4-[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]-2,2,3,3-tetrafluorobutan-1-ol

To a stirred solution of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorobutane-1,4-diol (CAS 425-61-6, 1.00 g, 6.17 mmol) in 30 mL THF was added Sodium hydride (271 mg, 60% purity) on an ice bath and the reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. 4-Bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (see Intermediate 105, 1.65 g, 6.17 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture dropwise. Then the reaction mixture was warmed up to 20° C. and the stirring continued for 16 hours. Water (10 mL) was slowly added to the reaction mixture and the resulting mixture was washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were filtered and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (percent petroleum ether in 0-100% ethyl acetated) to afford the title compound: 1.28 g.

Intermediate 129 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-{1,5-dimethyl-3-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-4-hydroxybutoxy)methyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 1.51 g) and 4-[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]-2,2,3,3-tetrafluorobutan-1-ol (see Intermediate 128, 1.28 g, 3.67 mmol) were coupled under conditions described in Intermediate 109 to provide the target compound: 1.34 g with 85% purity.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=1.23-1.37 (m, 5H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 2.34 (t, 2H), 3.40 (t, 2H), 3.74-3.91 (m, 7H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 4.31-4.38 (m, 2H), 4.50 (d, 1H), 6.75 (d, 1H), 7.17 (d, 1H), 7.30-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 7.47-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.77-7.82 (m, 1H), 8.29-8.32 (m, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H).

¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=−123.68-124.14 (m, 2F), −121.46-121.66 (m, 2F)

LCMS (Method 3): Rt=3.40 min., MS (ESIpos): m/z=675.66 (M+H)⁺.

Intermediate 130 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[1,5-dimethyl-3-({2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-4-[(methanesulfonyl)oxy]butoxy}methyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

To a solution of ethyl 6-chloro-7-{1,5-dimethyl-3-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-4-hydroxybutoxy)methyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 129, 450 mg) in 18 mL dichloromethane was added triethylamine (140 μL, 1000 μmol) and Methanesulfonyl chloride (57 μL, 730 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at RT. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, and extracted with dichloromethane twice. The organic layers were combined, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography, eluting heptane, then 9:1 heptane/ethyl acetate, then 3:1 heptane/ethyl acetate, and finally 1:1 heptane/ethyl acetate. This gave the target compound: 240 mg

¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-D, 400 MHz): 8.62 (s, 1H), 8.29-8.34 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.82n (m, 1H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 7.34 (t, 1H), 7.17 (d, 1H), 6.76 (d, 1H), 4.30-4.53 (m, 6H), 4.20 (t, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.79 (t, 2H), 3.39 (t, 1H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.29-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.34 (t, 3H).

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=2.32 min, MS (ESIpos): 754 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 131 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-11,11,12,12-tetrafluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-7-[1,5-dimethyl-3-({2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-4-[(methanesulfonyl)oxy]butoxy}methyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 130, 240 mg, 318 μmol) and cesium carbonate (518 mg, 1.59 mmol) were dissolved in 150 mL DMF and stirred at 120° C. for 3.5 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, diluted with ethyl acetate, and filtered through Celite. Filtrate was diluted with water, and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was extracted twice further with ethyl acetate. Combined ethyl acetate extracts were washed with water (×3) and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and evaporated. Further purification by 5 g Si SPE cartridge, eluting with 8:2 heptane/ethyl acetate, gave 16 mg of the desired compound.

¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-D, 300 MHz): 1.35 (t, 3H), 1.82 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.39 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 4.13-4.25 (m, 2H), 4.34 (q, 2H), 4.47-4.73 (m, 3H), 5.00 (qd, 1H), 6.74 (d, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 7.34 (t, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.46-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.77-7.84 (m, 1H), 8.33-8.40 (m, 1H).

LC-MS (Method 3): Rt=2.39 min, MS (ESIpos): 658 [M+H]⁺.

Intermediate 132 2,2-difluoropent-4-en-1-ol

2,2- Difluoropent-4-enoic acid (CAS 55039-89-9, 20.0 g, 147 mmol) was added to a solution of lithium aluminum hydride (11.2 g, 294 mmol) in 400 mL diethyl ether at 0° C., stirred for 30 minutes and then warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. The reaction was quenched through the addition of water (11 mL), followed by aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2M, 11 mL) followed by a further 30 mL of water and the slurry was stirred overnight, Magnesium sulfate was added and the reaction mixture was passed through celite and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure (300 mbar) to give the desired compound which was carried forward to the next step without further purification: 27 g.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=2.68-2.81 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.88 (m, 2H), 5.23-5.29 (m, 2H), 5.76-5.85 (m, 1H)—OH not visible

¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=−107.89 (tt, 1F)

Intermediate 133 tert-butyl[(2,2-difluoropent-4-en-1-yl)oxy]diphenylsilane

Tert-Butylchlorodiphenylsilane (24 ml, 92 mmol) was added to 2,2-difluoropent-4-en-1-ol (see Intermediate 132, 18.0 g), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (450 mg, 3.69 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (77 ml, 440 mmol) in 1 L dichloromethane and stirred for 6 days at room temperature, with a further tert-butylchlorodiphenylsilane (24 ml, 92 mmol) added half way through, The reaction mixture was quenched with aqueous sodium bicarbonate and the organic layer was washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flashchromatography (0-20% ethylacetate/heptane). to give 99 g of desired compound which was carried forward to the next step.

Intermediate 134 4-{[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-3,3-difluorobutan-1-ol

Ozone was bubbled through a solution of tert-butyl[(2,2-difluoropent-4-en-1-yl)oxy]diphenylsilane (see Intermediate 133, 44.0 g, 50% purity) in 640 mL dichloromethane and 640 mL methanol for 2 hours at −78° C., The reaction mixture was then flushed with oxygen followed by argon and sodium borohydride (4.62 g, 122 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour at −78° C. then warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, The residue was dissolved in Ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica 1 kg, with 0-30% ethyl acetate in heptanes as eluent) to give the desired compound in 78% purity: 30 g,

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=1.06 (s, 9H), 1.73-2.01 (1H), 2.29 (tt, 2H), 3.79 (t, 2H), 3.89 (t, 2H), 7.38-7.47 (m, 6H), 7.64-7.68 (m, 4H). ¹⁹F-NMR (376 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=−104.96-105.11 (m, 2F)

Intermediate 135 4-bromo-3-[(4-{[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-3,3-difluorobutoxy)methyl]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole

Sodium hydride (1.64 g, 60% purity) was added to 4-{[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-3,3-difluorobutan-1-ol (see Intermediate 134, 13.0 g) in THF at 0° C. and stirred for 30 mins. 4-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (see Intermediate 105, 9.56 g) was added and the reaction was heated to 60° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched by addition of methanol and taken to the next step without further purification.

Intermediate 136 4-[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]-2,2-difluorobutan-1-ol

Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (71 ml, 1.0 M, 71 mmol) was added to 4-bromo-3-[(4-{[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-3,3-difluorobutoxy)methyl]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (see Intermediate 135, 19.7 g) dissolved in THF and stirred overnight at RT. The reaction mixture was heated to 60° C. for 5 hours and left to stand at rt overnight. Aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic fractions were washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered through a plug of silica. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography eluting with 0-50% ethyl acetate in heptanes to give the desired compound: 7.04 g, in 80% purity.

Attempts were made to further purify the compound using the following however no separation was observed: Frist normal phase chromatography (Biotage isolera four, KP-Sil Sphere 120 g) eluting with 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane. And reverse phase chromatography (Biotage isolera one, C-1860 g) with 10-100% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid in water.

All recovered material was combined into a single batch for purification and analysis to give 6.25 g in 81% purity.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=2.19-2.31 (m, 5H), 2.49 (bs, 1H), 3.71-3.88 (m, 7H), 4.60 (s, 2H).

¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=−102.25-−102.07 (m, 2F).

Intermediate 137 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-{3-[(3,3-difluoro-4-hydroxybutoxy)methyl]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 710 mg) and 4-[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy]-2,2-difluorobutan-1-ol (see Intermediate 136, 500 mg) were coupled under conditions described in Intermediate 109 with toluene/water instead of dioxane/water as solvent to provide the target compound: 280 mg with 96% purity.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D): δ [ppm]=1.38 (t, 3H), 1.98-2.11 (m, 5H), 2.32-2.41 (m, 2H), 2.51-3.20 (br s, 1H), 3.42 (t, 2H), 3.57-3.76 (m, 4H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.22 (t, 2H), 4.39-4.55 (m, 3H), 4.46 (d, 1H), 6.79 (d, 1H), 7.21 (d, 1H), 7.37 (t, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 7.51-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.84 (m, 1H), 8.36 (d, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1H);

LCMS (Method 3): Rt=3.34 min., MS (ESIneg): m/z=638 (M−H)⁻

Intermediate 138 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-11,11-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Triphenylphosphine (918 mg, 3.50 mmol) followed by di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (806 mg, 3.50 mmol) was added to ethyl 6-chloro-7-{3-[(3,3-difluoro-4-hydroxybutoxy)methyl]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see intermediate 137, 280 mg) in 30 mL THF at rt and stirred for 96 hours, 4 mL of aqueous hydrochloric acid (4M, in dioxane) added and stirred for 2 hour. Saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate was added to the reaction mixture. The aqueous layer was, extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was removed und reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by reverse phase chromatography (Biotage Isolera four, 60 g C-18) eluting with 30-100% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid in water to give the desired compound in 89% purity: 180 mg

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=1.35-1.61 (m, 4H), 1.87 (s, 3H), 1.99-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.41 (m, 2H), 3.31-3.63 (m, 3H), 3.66 (t, 1H), 3.86 (t, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.21-4.24 (m, 2H), 4.32-4.46 (m, 3H), 4.56-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.80 (d, 1H), 6.80 (d, 1H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.38 (t, 1H), 7.46 (d, 1H), 7.52-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.86 (m, 1H), 8.37-8.40 (m, 1H);

LCMS (Method 3): Rt=3.79 min., MS (ESIpos): m/z=622.17 (M+H)⁺.

Intermediate 139 5-[(1,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(methyl)amino]pentan-1-ol

1,5-Trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine (CAS 646506-40-3, 2.62 g, 21.0 mmol) and potassium carbonate (4.34 g, 31.4 mmol) were suspended in 120 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide. 5-Bromopentan-1-ol (CAS 34626-51-2, 3.50 g, 21.0 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight at 60° C. Most of the N,N-dimethylformamide in the reaction mixture was removed by rotary evaporation. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were dried using a waterresistant filter. The clear filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (using a 55 g amino column, gradient hexane/ethyl acetate 25-100%) to give 1.96 g of the title compound.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.80 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=212 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.19-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.37-1.49 (m, 4H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.64-2.69 (m, 3H), 2.98-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 4.34 (t, 1H), 5.36 (s, 1H)

Intermediate 140 5-[(4-Bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(methyl)amino]pentan-1-ol

5-[(1,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(methyl)amino]pentan-1-ol (see Intermediate 139, 1.71 g) was dissolved in 43 mL of acetonitrile. N-Bromosuccinimide (1.44 g, 8.09 mmol) was added to the mixture and it was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was purified together with another batch (starting from 250 mg 5-[(1,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(methyl)amino]pentan-1-ol (see Intermediate 139)) (using a 50 g silica column, gradient hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol 75-100-5%) to give 1.99 g of the title compound.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.96 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=290 and 292 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.20-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.50 (m, 4H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 3.04-3.13 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 4.34 (t, 1H).

Intermediate 141 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-{3-[(5-hydroxypentyl)(methyl)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Because of the limited reaction size in a microwave tube this experiment was partionated in two portions. They were combined for work up. Ethyl-6-chloro-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 7, 2.00 g, 3.75 mmol) and 5-[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(methyl)-amino]pentan-1-ol (see Intermediate 140, 1.09 g) were suspended in 18 mL of 1,4-dioxane and nitrogen was bubbled through this mixture for 5 minutes. Afterwords XPhos Pd G3 (381 mg, 450 μmol) and aqueous potassium phosphate solution (6.0 mL, 1.5 M, 9.0 mmol) were added and again nitrogen was passed through the suspension for 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated for 20 minutes at 100° C. in the microwave. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane and water. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried using a waterresistant filter and concentrated. The crude product was purified (using a 110 g amino-substituted silica column, gradient dichloromethane/ethanol 2-10%) to give 993 mg (29% purity) product. It was further purified by preparative basic HPLC to obtain the title compound (79 mg, 80% purity).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.61 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=617 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.59-0.77 (m, 2H), 0.98-1.14 (m, 3H), 1.15-1.35 (m, 5H), 1.90 (s, 3H), 2.16-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.60 (m, 6H), 3.14 (q, 2H), 3.25-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 4.13-4.22 (m, 3H), 4.27 (q, 2H), 6.89 (d, 1H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 7.35-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.80-7.91 (m, 1H), 8.16-8.27 (m, 1H).

Intermediate 142 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-7-{3-[(5-hydroxypentyl)(methyl)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 141, 79.0 mg) was dissolved in 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran. Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (236 mg, 1.02 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (269 mg, 1.02 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. 3.0 mL hydrochloric acid in 1,4-dioxane (4M) was added and the mixture was stirred 1 hour at rt. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted with dichloromethane and water. The organic layer was washed with brine and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (using a 10 g silica column, gradient dichloromethane/ethanol 2-10%) to give 430 mg (28% purity) of the title compound. The material was used without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.80 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=599 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 143 Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-{3-[(5-hydroxypentyl)(methyl)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

6-Chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 9, 1.50 g), 5-[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(methyl)amino]pentan-1-ol (see Intermediate 140, 986 mg) and potassium phosphate (1.15 g, 5.44 mmol) were dissolved in 27 mL toluene and 11 mL water. The mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen through the mixture for 5 minutes. Then XPhos Pd G3 (125 mg, 149 μmol) was added and it was degassed for further 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 1 hour under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered through a silicone coated filter and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (100 g column, silicaphase; ethylacetate/ethanol 9/1) and by HPLC chromatography under basic conditions to provide the 95% pure target compound: 371 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.64 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=635 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.625 (0.50), 0.645 (0.62), 0.663 (0.75), 0.682 (0.68), 0.700 (0.52), 1.009 (0.62), 1.026 (1.66), 1.035 (6.99), 1.046 (2.16), 1.053 (12.68), 1.063 (1.66), 1.070 (7.18), 1.081 (0.83), 1.088 (0.66), 1.103 (0.60), 1.186 (0.52), 1.201 (0.52), 1.239 (5.11), 1.257 (11.19), 1.275 (5.06), 1.895 (15.98), 2.185 (0.95), 2.203 (1.31), 2.221 (1.00), 2.518 (4.11), 2.523 (2.95), 2.546 (1.58), 2.558 (15.90), 2.583 (1.18), 3.116 (0.85), 3.129 (2.10), 3.145 (2.10), 3.159 (0.81), 3.290 (1.16), 3.309 (2.28), 3.405 (0.81), 3.418 (0.89), 3.422 (2.61), 3.435 (2.70), 3.440 (2.51), 3.452 (2.55), 3.457 (0.87), 3.469 (0.83), 3.653 (16.00), 4.180 (2.37), 4.193 (5.35), 4.206 (2.82), 4.234 (1.10), 4.252 (3.09), 4.268 (2.76), 4.270 (2.74), 4.285 (0.91), 4.344 (1.70), 4.357 (3.30), 4.369 (1.60), 6.861 (1.22), 6.868 (1.24), 6.876 (1.08), 6.882 (1.31), 7.137 (3.92), 7.159 (4.07), 7.369 (0.79), 7.376 (0.91), 7.392 (1.25), 7.399 (1.39), 7.414 (0.95), 7.421 (0.97), 7.431 (2.28), 7.439 (2.57), 7.446 (5.60), 7.459 (0.41), 7.647 (1.51), 7.654 (1.60), 7.661 (2.84), 7.673 (1.56), 7.682 (2.88), 8.243 (1.29), 8.259 (1.31), 8.267 (1.33), 8.281 (1.25), 10.464 (2.84).

Intermediate 144 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Triphenylphosphine (1.16 g, 4.43 mmol) followed by di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (1.02 g, 4.43 mmol) was added to ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-{3-[(5-hydroxypentyl)(methyl)amino]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 143, 370 mg, 95% purity) in 37 mL THF at rt and stirred over the weekend. 1.5 mL hydrochloric acid (4M in dioxane) was added and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and brine, filtered through a water resistant filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (25 g column, silicaphase; ethylacetate/ethanol 9/1) and by HPLC chromatoghaphy under basic conditions to provide the 95% pure target compound: 161 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.83 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=618 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.627 (0.42), 1.100 (0.74), 1.154 (4.58), 1.172 (8.84), 1.190 (4.42), 1.236 (4.74), 1.240 (3.05), 1.254 (9.58), 1.258 (5.74), 1.272 (4.89), 1.275 (3.11), 1.319 (11.42), 1.368 (5.00), 1.826 (12.89), 1.895 (6.58), 1.988 (16.00), 2.178 (1.11), 2.332 (2.16), 2.336 (0.95), 2.435 (12.89), 2.518 (12.47), 2.523 (8.68), 2.541 (2.84), 2.673 (2.16), 2.678 (0.95), 3.195 (0.53), 3.213 (0.68), 3.273 (0.47), 3.292 (1.37), 3.310 (2.11), 3.373 (0.68), 3.406 (0.53), 3.653 (6.89), 3.723 (13.16), 4.000 (1.21), 4.017 (3.74), 4.035 (3.68), 4.053 (1.21), 4.175 (1.42), 4.192 (2.32), 4.202 (2.95), 4.219 (2.21), 4.236 (1.05), 4.253 (2.42), 4.264 (2.05), 4.271 (2.89), 4.282 (1.95), 4.290 (1.89), 4.299 (0.68), 4.308 (0.84), 6.857 (0.58), 6.864 (0.63), 6.878 (1.53), 6.885 (1.05), 6.892 (0.95), 6.899 (1.05), 7.126 (1.26), 7.147 (1.32), 7.233 (3.11), 7.254 (3.32), 7.373 (0.89), 7.380 (0.84), 7.395 (1.53), 7.403 (1.21), 7.418 (1.16), 7.425 (1.05), 7.428 (1.21), 7.437 (3.16), 7.444 (4.63), 7.451 (4.79), 7.650 (2.47), 7.656 (1.47), 7.672 (1.74), 7.675 (1.79), 7.682 (1.32), 7.737 (2.89), 7.758 (2.53), 8.224 (1.05), 8.240 (1.21), 8.248 (1.37), 8.262 (1.37), 10.463 (0.68).

Intermediate 145 N-(5-Ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)formamide

5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine hydrogen chloride (1/1) (purchased from Enamine, 2.00 g, 12.4 mmol) dissolved in 9.3 mL formic acid was stirred under nitrogen at reflux for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the target compound in 80% purity: 2.8 g.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.63 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=154 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.125 (1.36), 1.135 (3.72), 1.144 (2.99), 1.154 (8.01), 1.160 (1.17), 1.162 (1.54), 1.172 (3.64), 1.178 (0.73), 2.518 (0.53), 2.537 (1.60), 2.556 (3.15), 2.575 (2.55), 2.593 (0.89), 3.600 (6.07), 3.606 (16.00), 3.682 (0.90), 3.752 (0.76), 5.781 (1.20), 6.271 (3.23), 8.116 (2.40), 8.120 (2.52), 8.141 (12.15), 8.575 (0.94), 8.602 (0.96), 10.450 (0.75).

Intermediate 146 5-Ethyl-N, 1-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine

To N-(5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)formamide (see Intermediate 145, 2.80 g, 80% purity) borane tetrahydrofurane complex (44 ml, 1.0 M, 44 mmol) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred under nitrogen at rt for 3 h at rt. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0° C. and quenched with the dropwise addition of methanol (4.1 mL). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with saturated aqeuous sodium bicarbonate. The combined organic layers were filtered through a waterresistent filter and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (50 g column, silicaphase; dichloromethane/ethanol 9/1) to provide the 90% pure target compound: 889 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.69 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=140 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.12 (t, 3H), 2.42-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 4.82 (br s, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 147 5-[(5-Ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(methyl)amino]pentan-1-ol

5-Ethyl-N, 1-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine (see Intermediate 146, 890 mg) and potassium carbonate (1.33 g, 9.59 mmol) were suspended in 37 mL DMF. 5-bromopentan-1-ol (720 μL, 6.4 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred overnight at 60° C. Further 5-bromopentan-1-ol (360 μL, 3.2 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred over night at 60° C. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were dried using a waterresistant filter. The clear filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica column 50 g, ethanol/dichloromethane) to provide the target compound in 97% purity: 910 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.89 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=225 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.13 (t, 3H), 1.21-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.52 (m, 4H), 2.44-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.09 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 4.35 (t, 1H), 5.35 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 148 5-[(4-Bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(methyl)amino]pentan-1-ol

5-[(5-Ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(methyl)amino]pentan-1-ol (see Intermediate 147, 900 mg) was dissolved in 21 mL acetonitrile. N-Bromosuccinmide (711 mg, 3.99 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred over night. Further N-bromosuccinmide (711 mg, 3.99 mmol) was added and stirred over night. The reaction mixture was heated up to 30° C. for 4 h. Further N-bromosuccinmide (711 mg, 3.99 mmol) was added and stirred at 30° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (50 g column, silicaphase; ethyl acetate/ethanol 9/1; Ethanol 0-12%) to provide the 80% pure target compound: 962 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.04 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=303 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.06 (t, 3H), 1.22-1.32 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.52 (m, 4H), 2.53-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 3.02-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 4.34 (t, 1H).

Intermediate 149 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-{5-ethyl-3-[(5-hydroxypentyl)(methyl)amino]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 9, 1.12 g, 2.02 mmol), 5-[(4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)(methyl)amino]pentan-1-ol (see Intermediate 148, 770 mg) and potassium phosphate (860 mg, 4.05 mmol) were dissolved in 20 mL toluene and 7.6 mL water. The mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen through the mixture for 5 minutes. Then RuPhos Pd G3 (93.1 mg, 111 μmol) was added and it was degassed for 5 minutes again. The reaction mixture was stirred at 110° C. 1 hour under nitrogen. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Biotage, 0-5% Ethanol, ethyl acetate/ethanol using silica ultra column 50 g) to provide the target compound in 92% purity: 221 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.66 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=650 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.50-0.74 (m, 2H), 0.97-1.12 (m, 4H), 1.17 (t, 3H), 1.25 (t, 3H), 2.13-2.25 (m, 3H), 2.26-2.36 (m, 1H), 2.53-2.60 (m, 5H), 3.09-3.19 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 4.15-4.32 (m, 5H), 6.87 (dd, 1H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 7.34-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.63-7.72 (m, 2H), 8.27 (dd, 1H), 10.69 (s, 1H).—contains ethyl acetate

Intermediate 150 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Triphenylphosphine (656 mg, 2.50 mmol) followed by di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylte (576 mg, 2.50 mmol) was added to ethyl 6-chloro-7-{5-ethyl-3-[(5-hydroxypentyl)(methyl)amino]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 149, 203 mg) in 13 mL THF at rt and stirred over night. 0.8 mL of hydrochloric acid solution (4M in dioxane) were added and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, filtered through a water resistant filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (25 g column, silicaphase; ethylacetate/ethanol; 0-5% ethanol) to provide the target compound in 80% puritiy: 97 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.84 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=632 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.802 (3.03), 0.821 (7.21), 0.840 (4.35), 0.861 (4.74), 0.880 (2.13), 0.993 (0.77), 1.095 (1.02), 1.114 (0.94), 1.154 (1.37), 1.173 (1.92), 1.190 (1.11), 1.234 (3.80), 1.242 (5.16), 1.252 (7.30), 1.259 (10.54), 1.270 (3.58), 1.277 (5.03), 1.318 (16.00), 1.335 (3.50), 1.369 (6.83), 1.499 (0.43), 1.646 (0.38), 1.988 (2.47), 2.150 (0.68), 2.169 (1.71), 2.187 (2.90), 2.205 (2.56), 2.212 (2.26), 2.233 (1.71), 2.251 (0.85), 2.269 (0.47), 2.285 (0.60), 2.303 (0.64), 2.337 (0.81), 2.518 (9.09), 2.523 (6.91), 2.534 (4.69), 2.567 (1.28), 3.188 (0.43), 3.205 (0.55), 3.223 (0.85), 3.242 (0.47), 3.259 (0.51), 3.279 (1.45), 3.299 (2.01), 3.670 (10.37), 3.758 (15.74), 4.017 (0.55), 4.035 (0.55), 4.154 (0.60), 4.161 (0.64), 4.179 (2.05), 4.192 (2.82), 4.197 (2.52), 4.206 (4.01), 4.224 (2.65), 4.245 (2.30), 4.255 (0.73), 4.263 (2.05), 4.273 (1.79), 4.282 (1.15), 4.290 (1.83), 4.300 (1.32), 4.308 (0.68), 4.317 (1.37), 4.335 (0.55), 5.759 (8.79), 6.857 (0.81), 6.864 (0.85), 6.870 (1.62), 6.877 (1.71), 6.884 (1.11), 6.891 (1.28), 7.120 (1.79), 7.142 (1.92), 7.221 (3.71), 7.243 (3.93), 7.374 (1.15), 7.381 (1.28), 7.397 (1.88), 7.403 (2.01), 7.419 (1.28), 7.428 (1.92), 7.434 (2.65), 7.444 (5.25), 7.449 (5.63), 7.649 (3.16), 7.655 (1.92), 7.674 (2.13), 7.681 (1.75), 7.738 (3.33), 7.759 (2.90), 8.226 (1.15), 8.241 (1.28), 8.249 (1.32), 8.264 (1.45), 8.924 (0.43), 10.693 (0.98).

Intermediate 151 5-ethyl-1-methyl-N-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-amine

5-Ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-amine hydrogen chloride (1/1) (purchased from Enamine, 1.00 g, 6.19 mmol), 4-(2-bromoethyl)oxane (CAS 4677-20-7, 310, 2.1 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.14 g, 8.25 mmol) and potassium iodide (34.2 mg, 206 μmol) were dissolved in 11 mL acetonitrile and the mixture was stirred for 10 min at 110° C. in the microwave. The reaction mixture was cooled down to rt and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were filtered through a waterresistant filter and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by HPLC under basic conditions to give 220 mg of the title compound (88% purity).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.92 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=237 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=1.04-1.26 (m, 5H), 1.40 (q, 2H), 1.50-1.62 (m, 3H), 2.40-2.48 (m, 2H), 2.96 (br t, 2H), 3.25 (td, 2H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 3.81 (dd, 2H), 4.79 (br s, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 152 5-{(5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]amino}pentan-1-ol

5-Ethyl-1-methyl-N-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-amine (see Intermediate 151,220 mg) and potassium carbonate (192 mg, 1.39 mmol) were suspended in 5.3 mL DMF, 5-bromopentan-1-ol (170 μL, 1.39 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight at 60° C. 5-Bromopentan-1-ol (85 μL, 0.70 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was filtered through a waterresistant filter and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography to provide the analytically pure target compound: 133 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.04 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=325 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=1.08-1.21 (m, 5H), 1.22-1.32 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.52 (m, 7H), 1.58 (br dd, 2H), 2.43-2.49 (m, 2H), 3.02-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.24 (td, 2H), 3.34-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 3.80 (dd, 2H), 4.34 (t, 1H), 5.29 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 153 5-{(4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]amino}pentan-1-ol

5-{(5-Ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]amino}pentan-1-ol (see Intermediate 152, 133 mg) was dissolved in 2.2 mL acetonitrile, bromosuccinimide (73.2 mg, 411 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred over night at rt. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the crude product was purified by flash chromatography (using a 10 g silica column, solvent: dichloromethane/ethanol 0-10%) to give 142 mg of the title compound (93% purity).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.18 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=404 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=1.04-1.10 (m, 3H), 1.11-1.58 (m, 13H), 2.53-2.61 (m, 2H), 3.03-3.16 (m, 4H), 3.23 (td, 2H), 3.34-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.79 (dd, 2H), 4.31 (t, 1H)—contains ethanol.

Intermediate 154 Ethyl 6-chloro-7-(5-ethyl-3-{(5-hydroxypentyl)[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

The reaction was performed in 3 portions: ethyl-6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 9, 1.05 g), 5-{(4-bromo-5-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]amino}pentan-1-ol (see Intermediate 153, 840 mg) and potassium phosphate (1.21 g, 5.69 mmol) were dissolved in a mixture of 41 mL 1,4- dioxane and of 11 mL water. The mixture was degassed by bubbling argon through the mixture for 5 minutes. Then (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-diisopropoxa-1,1′biphenyl)[2-(2′amino-1-T-biphenyl)]palladium(II)-methanesulfonate (159 mg, 190 μmol) was added and it was degassed for 5 minutes again. It was stirred for 1 h in the microwave. All vials were combined, the reaction mixture was filtered through a silicone coated filter and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography, (using a 25 g column, solvent: hexane/ethyl acetate 0-100%) to provide the target compound (586 mg, 77% purity).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.73 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=748 [M+H]⁺

1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) delta [ppm]: 0.752 (0.17), 0.772 (0.24), 0.783 (0.26), 0.804 (0.24), 0.814 (0.28), 0.844 (1.01), 0.863 (2.12), 0.882 (1.11), 0.907 (0.32), 0.929 (2.46), 0.944 (2.44), 0.963 (0.19), 0.984 (0.17), 1.043 (2.38), 1.062 (6.62), 1.066 (14.78), 1.081 (2.81), 1.088 (3.06), 1.103 (3.66), 1.113 (1.29), 1.121 (1.18), 1.127 (1.24), 1.133 (1.22), 1.145 (1.33), 1.156 (9.15), 1.172 (0.56), 1.175 (0.51), 1.190 (0.32), 1.199 (0.62), 1.220 (0.98), 1.232 (2.06), 1.243 (1.35), 1.249 (3.73), 1.260 (1.22), 1.267 (2.08), 1.279 (0.64), 1.333 (0.54), 1.350 (1.05), 1.357 (1.09), 1.373 (1.76), 1.394 (1.58), 1.411 (1.31), 1.436 (0.81), 1.451 (0.58), 1.467 (0.53), 1.477 (0.53), 1.494 (0.45), 1.513 (1.26), 1.549 (0.90), 1.579 (0.38), 1.638 (0.32), 1.987 (0.30), 2.176 (0.34), 2.194 (0.53), 2.212 (0.54), 2.231 (0.34), 2.305 (0.24), 2.322 (0.60), 2.326 (0.68), 2.332 (0.45), 2.336 (0.23), 2.342 (0.24), 2.361 (0.17), 2.442 (0.21), 2.464 (0.39), 2.518 (2.27), 2.522 (1.41), 2.542 (0.66), 2.560 (1.91), 2.579 (1.88), 2.598 (0.51), 2.660 (0.19), 2.664 (0.41), 2.669 (0.56), 2.673 (0.41), 2.678 (0.21), 2.706 (0.26), 2.723 (0.47), 2.743 (0.38), 2.758 (0.17), 2.966 (0.23), 2.976 (0.23), 2.994 (0.38), 2.999 (0.38), 3.004 (0.36), 3.027 (0.28), 3.051 (0.99), 3.069 (1.14), 3.088 (1.01), 3.114 (0.98), 3.128 (0.88), 3.133 (1.07), 3.152 (0.90), 3.195 (0.68), 3.200 (0.77), 3.224 (1.43), 3.229 (1.46), 3.237 (0.86), 3.253 (1.28), 3.268 (0.49), 3.287 (0.36), 3.295 (0.43), 3.297 (0.43), 3.303 (0.39), 3.308 (0.53), 3.318 (0.81), 3.345 (2.85), 3.358 (2.01), 3.374 (1.01), 3.461 (0.24), 3.478 (1.09), 3.571 (0.19), 3.594 (0.45), 3.628 (13.49), 3.642 (0.41), 3.667 (4.13), 3.770 (0.83), 3.780 (0.84), 3.798 (0.79), 3.805 (0.75), 3.938 (2.19), 4.188 (0.38), 4.203 (0.73), 4.219 (0.41), 4.229 (0.43), 4.236 (0.62), 4.247 (1.26), 4.249 (1.54), 4.264 (1.11), 4.282 (0.36), 4.312 (1.22), 4.325 (2.64), 4.338 (1.13), 4.388 (0.34), 4.403 (0.45), 4.418 (0.32), 5.310 (0.21), 5.758 (16.00), 6.634 (0.79), 6.655 (0.83), 6.865 (0.32), 6.872 (0.34), 6.880 (0.32), 6.887 (0.36), 7.146 (1.07), 7.167 (1.11), 7.183 (0.26), 7.203 (0.43), 7.224 (0.23), 7.375 (0.28), 7.381 (0.39), 7.398 (0.41), 7.404 (0.54), 7.413 (0.23), 7.419 (0.32), 7.426 (0.38), 7.435 (0.69), 7.444 (0.86), 7.449 (1.59), 7.463 (0.36), 7.650 (0.45), 7.656 (0.47), 7.668 (0.73), 7.676 (0.49), 7.682 (0.47), 7.690 (0.64), 7.941 (0.73), 8.260 (0.36), 8.275 (0.38), 8.283 (0.34), 8.298 (0.32), 9.651 (0.19), 10.574 (0.75).

Intermediate 155 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-chloro-7-(5-ethyl-3-{(5-hydroxypentyl)[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]amino}-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 154, 32 mg) was dissolved in 230 μL toluene, 2-(tributylphosphoranylidene)acetonitrile (CAS 157141-27, 0, 90 μL, 340 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 160° C. for 2 h under argon atmosphere. Again 2-(tributylphosphoranylidene)acetonitrile (CAS 157141-27-0, 90 μL, 340 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 160° C. over night under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude product was purified by HPLC chromatography under basic conditions to give 12 mg of the tilte compound (93% purity)

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.85 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=730 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=0.76-0.95 (m, 5H), 1.04-1.19 (m, 4H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 8H), 1.61-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.92 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.23 (m, 3H), 2.24-2.32 (m, 1H), 2.53-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.97 (td, 1H), 3.15-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.45 (br d, 1H), 3.56 (br dd, 1H), 3.63 (br dd, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 4.10-4.39 (m, 6H), 6.87 (dd, 1H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.32-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.66 (dd, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H), 8.27 (dd, 1H).

Intermediate 156 5-[(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)oxy]pentan-1-ol

1,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ol (CAS: 3201-28-3,100 mg, 892 μmol) was dissolved in 5.1 mL DMF and treated with the potassiumcarbonate (185 mg, 1.34 mmol) and 5-bromopentan-1-ol (110 μL, 890 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. under argon. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuo and the residue was treated with water and dichloromethane. It was stirred for a few minutes, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the crude product which was used without further purification: 143 mg (80% purity).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.77 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=199 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.29-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.63 (quin, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 3.38 (t, 2H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.94 (t, 2H), 4.41 (br s, 1H), 5.41 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 157 5-[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)oxy]pentan-1-ol

5-[(1,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)oxy]pentan-1-ol (see Intermediate 156, 2.71 g) was dissolved in 30 mL acetonitrile. N-Bromocsuccinimide (2.44 g, 13.7 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture stirred at rt under nitrogen over night. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and solids were filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography (silica ultra column 50 g, Gradient: 0-10% dichloromethane/ethanol) to provide the target compound: 4.8 g (84% puritiy).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.95 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=277 and 279 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.30-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.59-1.72 (m, 2H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 3.39 (br t, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 4.06 (t, 2H), 4.37 (br s, 1H).

Intermediate 158 Ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-{3-[(5-hydroxypentyl)oxy]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate

5-[(4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)oxy]pentan-1-ol (see Intermediate 157, 3.79 g) ethyl 6- chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 9, 7.55 g, 13.7 mmol) and potassium carbonate (8.71 g, 41.0 mmol) were dissolved in 24 mL dioxin and 6 mL water. The mixture was degassed by bubbling argon through the mixture for 5 minutes. Then (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-diisopropoxa-1,1′biphenyl)[2-(2′amino-1-T-biphenyl)]palladium(II)-methanesulfonate (1.14 g, 1.37 mmol) was added and it was degassed for 5 minutes again. The reaction mixture stirred under nitrogen at 110° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography twice (340 g silica ultra column, Gradient 0-10% dichloromethane/ethanol and 100 g silica ultra column, Gradient 0-5% dichloromethane/ethanol) and by HPLC to provide the target compound: 400 mg (100% purity).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.59 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=623 [M+H]⁺

Intermediate 159 (Rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate

In a microwave-vial ethyl 6-chloro-3-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-7-{3-[(5-hydroxypentyl)oxy]-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 158, 575 mg) was dissolved in 4.9 mL toluene and nitrogen was bubbled through. The reaction mixture was treated with (tributylphosphoranylidene)acetonitrile and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h at 160° C. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by basic HPLC to provide the analytically pure target compound: 136 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.77 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=605 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.26 (t, 3H), 1.31-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.50-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.86 (s, 3H), 1.89-2.01 (m, 1H), 2.18 (dq, 2H), 3.13-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.86 (t, 1H), 4.15-4.44 (m, 6H), 4.68 (br d, 1H), 6.82-6.94 (m, 1H), 7.21 (d, 1H), 7.37 (td, 1H), 7.41-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.66 (dd, 1H), 7.75 (d, 1H), 8.16 (dd, 1H).—contains DMF and dichloromethane.

EXAMPLES Example 1 (rac)-(11Z)-4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (rac)-ethyl (11Z)-4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 32, 20.0 mg, 34.2 μmol) in THF (1.7 mL) and ethanol (800 μL) was added a solution of lithium hydroxide in water (680 μL, 1.0 M, 680 μmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 32 hours at 50° C. For work-up, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol gradient, 3.5%→10% methanol) to give the title compound (5.9 mg) as a racemic mixture.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.89 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=556 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.847 (1.95), 1.165 (2.98), 1.227 (16.00), 1.469 (0.91), 1.667 (12.33), 2.240 (4.00), 2.328 (0.85), 2.667 (0.78), 3.476 (1.44), 3.506 (2.32), 3.535 (1.51), 3.751 (2.11), 3.778 (1.98), 3.875 (12.36), 4.090 (2.23), 4.123 (2.47), 4.214 (5.20), 4.509 (1.07), 4.542 (1.66), 4.571 (1.42), 4.683 (2.32), 4.716 (2.16), 4.824 (2.22), 5.060 (2.09), 5.099 (2.98), 6.887 (2.53), 6.903 (2.71), 7.245 (2.58), 7.264 (2.78), 7.386 (2.77), 7.402 (2.40), 7.440 (3.75), 7.459 (3.65), 7.474 (3.44), 7.498 (3.66), 7.520 (2.95), 7.783 (2.68), 7.802 (2.65), 7.849 (2.79), 7.866 (2.59), 8.138 (2.56), 8.155 (2.47).

Example 2 rac-4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (rac)-ethyl 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 33, 105 mg, 179 μmol) in THF (8.7 mL) and ethanol (4.2 mL) was added a solution of lithium hydroxide in water (3.6 mL, 1.0 M, 3.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours at 60° C. For work-up, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (dichloromethane/isopropanol gradient, 2.5%→10% methanol) to give the title compound (60 mg) as a racemic mixture.

LC-MS (Method 2): Rt=0.92 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=558 [M+H]⁺

The title compound (60 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (25 mg, Example 3 and enantiomer 2 (24 mg, Example 4).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, column: Chiralpak ID 5μ 250×30 mm; eluent A: hexane+0.1 Vol-% TFA (99%); eluent B: isopropanol; gradient: 20-50% B in 20 min; flow 40.0 mL/min; UV 254 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; column: Chiralpak ID3μ 100×4.6 mm; eluent A: hexane+0.1 Vol-% TFA (99%); eluent B: isopropanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 7 min; flow 1.4 mL/min; temperature: 25° C.; DAD 254 nm

Example 3 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 2. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 2), gave the title compound (25 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 2): R_(t)=2.64 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.845 (0.43), 0.962 (0.42), 1.041 (1.55), 1.066 (1.61), 1.083 (2.46), 1.103 (2.81), 1.132 (1.62), 1.150 (3.25), 1.168 (1.73), 1.225 (2.81), 1.737 (16.00), 2.183 (1.25), 2.200 (1.81), 2.217 (1.33), 2.323 (0.61), 2.665 (0.61), 2.822 (0.88), 2.833 (0.65), 2.851 (0.94), 2.869 (0.41), 2.898 (0.45), 2.916 (0.62), 2.929 (0.61), 2.947 (0.43), 3.242 (0.57), 3.257 (0.75), 3.275 (1.16), 3.295 (0.66), 3.306 (0.66), 3.325 (1.19), 3.343 (0.78), 3.349 (0.78), 3.359 (0.67), 3.366 (1.29), 3.384 (1.23), 3.401 (0.57), 3.408 (0.51), 3.423 (1.04), 3.437 (0.89), 3.452 (0.97), 3.467 (0.47), 3.900 (1.00), 3.917 (1.30), 3.935 (1.26), 3.952 (1.28), 3.969 (0.76), 4.157 (2.24), 4.175 (1.89), 4.190 (5.76), 4.206 (1.84), 4.464 (1.02), 4.477 (0.62), 4.487 (0.57), 4.499 (0.95), 4.630 (2.34), 4.664 (2.11), 6.874 (2.09), 6.892 (2.26), 7.206 (3.68), 7.226 (3.79), 7.360 (1.33), 7.380 (2.73), 7.399 (2.10), 7.438 (3.01), 7.459 (1.67), 7.478 (0.70), 7.491 (1.63), 7.495 (1.56), 7.506 (1.85), 7.511 (2.86), 7.514 (2.01), 7.525 (1.65), 7.529 (1.81), 7.542 (0.76), 7.765 (3.40), 7.787 (3.15), 7.848 (1.82), 7.866 (1.80), 7.870 (1.55), 8.186 (1.63), 8.189 (1.74), 8.208 (1.64).

Example 4 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 2. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 2), gave the title compound (25 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 2): R_(t)=4.20 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.848 (0.44), 0.966 (0.41), 1.047 (1.84), 1.069 (2.43), 1.087 (3.79), 1.105 (2.54), 1.107 (2.89), 1.137 (0.58), 1.144 (0.53), 1.154 (0.90), 1.173 (0.64), 1.227 (2.80), 1.742 (16.00), 2.188 (1.45), 2.205 (2.08), 2.221 (1.54), 2.808 (0.45), 2.827 (0.98), 2.837 (0.77), 2.855 (1.03), 2.872 (0.47), 3.247 (0.64), 3.262 (0.86), 3.280 (1.27), 3.300 (0.72), 3.311 (0.75), 3.330 (1.30), 3.352 (1.18), 3.369 (2.01), 3.387 (1.92), 3.404 (0.81), 3.411 (0.58), 3.427 (1.11), 3.441 (0.99), 3.456 (1.03), 3.470 (0.49), 3.905 (0.71), 3.922 (1.14), 3.939 (1.20), 3.957 (1.30), 3.974 (0.84), 4.038 (0.54), 4.161 (2.59), 4.179 (2.37), 4.195 (6.27), 4.209 (2.26), 4.470 (1.15), 4.482 (0.73), 4.492 (0.69), 4.505 (1.04), 4.634 (2.43), 4.669 (2.17), 6.878 (2.26), 6.896 (2.41), 7.209 (3.44), 7.230 (3.66), 7.363 (1.32), 7.383 (2.79), 7.402 (2.08), 7.442 (3.18), 7.463 (1.81), 7.482 (0.77), 7.495 (1.75), 7.498 (1.72), 7.514 (3.17), 7.528 (1.82), 7.532 (1.89), 7.546 (0.80), 7.769 (3.37), 7.791 (3.05), 7.851 (2.01), 7.869 (1.88), 7.873 (1.69), 8.195 (1.86), 8.213 (1.75).

Example 5 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14, 15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 38, 27.0 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of 690 μL THF and 620 μL ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (960 μL, 1.0 M, 960 μmol) was added. It was stirred at 65° C. overnight. The organic solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The aqueous residue (pH 10) was acidified using about 0.12 mL acetic acid (conc.) till pH value 5 (exothermic). It was extracted with dichloromethane/isopropanole (7:3) three times. The combined organic layers were dried using a waterresistant filter and the clear filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (16.3 mg, 97% purity) as a racemic mixture. Residue of acetic acid were removed by lyophilisation.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.92 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=603 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.774 (0.70), 0.793 (1.65), 0.812 (0.73), 1.026 (2.47), 1.042 (2.54), 1.902 (16.00), 2.047 (2.16), 2.125 (0.49), 2.144 (0.53), 2.518 (0.64), 2.523 (0.42), 3.267 (0.45), 3.298 (0.57), 3.420 (0.53), 4.170 (0.44), 7.056 (0.63), 7.077 (0.66), 7.399 (0.55), 7.416 (1.04), 7.522 (0.51), 7.543 (0.45).

The title compound (66 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to provide enantiomer 1 (21 mg, see Example 6) and enantiomer 2 (17 mg, see Example 7).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Sepiatec: Prep SFC100; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 250×30 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 21% B; Flow 100.0 mL/min Temperature: 40° C.; BPR: 150 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent: 1260, Aurora SFC-Modul; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 21% B; Flow 4.0 mL/min; Temperature: 37.5° C.; BPR: 100 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Example 6 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 5. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 5) provided the target compound (21 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 5): R_(t)=1.95 min.

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): 36.5° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=0.79 (t, 3H), 0.93-1.07 (m, 2H), 1.09-1.32 (m, 3H), 1.79-1.91 (m, 1H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 2.07-2.25 (m, 4H), 3.14-3.28 (m, 4H), 3.39-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 4.18 (br t, 2H), 4.30 (td, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H), 7.16 (d, 1H), 7.33-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.66 (dd, 2H), 8.29 (dd, 1H).

Example 7 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 5. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 5) provided the target compound (17 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 5: R_(t)=3.42 min.

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −32.1° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=0.79 (t, 3H), 0.98-1.07 (m, 2H), 1.09-1.18 (m, 6H), 1.80-1.92 (m, 1H), 2.06-2.23 (m, 3H), 2.34-2.43 (m, 1H), 3.16-3.28 (m, 3H), 3.39-3.52 (m, 3H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 4.12-4.22 (m, 2H), 4.24-4.36 (m, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H), 7.16 (d, 1H), 7.32-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.61-7.71 (m, 2H), 8.23-8.36 (m, 1H).

Example 8 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

To a solution of (rac)-ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 41, 190 mg, 272 μmol) in a mixture of THF (20 mL) and ethanol (10 mL) was added an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide (10 mL, 1.0 M, 10 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 40° C. for three days. After removal of all volatiles the residue was subjected to flash chromatography (Biotage SNAP cartridge silica, dichloromethane/ethanol gradient, 0%→30% ethanol) to give the title compound (142 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.89 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=672 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.829 (4.73), 0.848 (10.80), 0.866 (5.20), 1.007 (0.82), 1.035 (3.21), 1.052 (5.63), 1.070 (2.89), 1.144 (0.51), 1.232 (3.17), 1.257 (1.53), 2.075 (1.17), 2.094 (3.68), 2.113 (3.56), 2.132 (1.10), 2.188 (1.10), 2.206 (1.60), 2.222 (1.17), 2.337 (1.56), 2.356 (1.25), 2.369 (1.84), 2.380 (1.02), 2.518 (16.00), 2.523 (10.68), 2.678 (0.86), 2.732 (0.98), 2.748 (1.88), 2.763 (2.15), 2.780 (0.86), 2.795 (0.43), 2.914 (0.74), 2.926 (0.55), 2.943 (0.78), 3.238 (0.43), 3.252 (0.63), 3.270 (1.02), 3.291 (1.10), 3.423 (0.86), 3.434 (1.29), 3.440 (0.98), 3.447 (1.02), 3.460 (0.86), 3.527 (3.56), 3.538 (6.26), 3.550 (3.76), 3.961 (0.51), 3.978 (0.59), 3.995 (0.59), 4.177 (2.58), 4.186 (3.25), 4.202 (1.72), 4.212 (2.31), 4.248 (1.29), 4.266 (2.07), 4.284 (0.98), 4.356 (0.51), 4.448 (0.67), 4.482 (0.63), 4.665 (1.92), 4.699 (1.76), 5.760 (10.48), 6.868 (2.00), 6.887 (2.11), 7.187 (2.58), 7.208 (2.70), 7.359 (1.41), 7.379 (2.70), 7.399 (2.19), 7.441 (2.89), 7.462 (1.64), 7.479 (0.51), 7.483 (0.70), 7.497 (1.60), 7.500 (1.45), 7.510 (1.72), 7.515 (2.97), 7.520 (1.84), 7.530 (1.64), 7.533 (1.84), 7.547 (0.78), 7.550 (0.55), 7.745 (1.88), 7.766 (1.72), 7.852 (1.68), 7.858 (1.10), 7.871 (1.76), 7.875 (1.49), 8.196 (1.49), 8.201 (1.56), 8.220 (1.45).

The title compound (137 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (62 mg, see Example 9) and enantiomer 2 (61 mg, see Example 10).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, column: Chiralpak IE 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% N-ethylethanamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; isocratic 60% A+40% B; flow 40.0 mL/min; UV 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; column: Chiralpak IE 3p 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% N-ethylethanamine (99%); Eluent B: ethanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 7 min; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 220 nm

Example 9 4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 8. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 8) gave the title compound (62 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 8): R_(t)=5.83 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): Rt=0.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=672 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): 52.2° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.776 (0.69), 0.795 (1.67), 0.813 (0.93), 0.819 (0.48), 0.836 (0.63), 0.845 (5.01), 0.864 (11.49), 0.883 (4.99), 0.973 (0.69), 1.001 (1.31), 1.005 (2.39), 1.034 (0.99), 1.084 (1.34), 1.134 (7.61), 1.152 (16.00), 1.170 (7.94), 1.204 (0.42), 1.232 (1.40), 1.259 (1.76), 1.393 (0.57), 1.405 (0.57), 1.421 (0.66), 1.440 (0.48), 1.444 (0.45), 2.093 (1.10), 2.112 (3.04), 2.130 (2.78), 2.149 (1.07), 2.172 (1.04), 2.190 (1.52), 2.208 (1.10), 2.336 (1.10), 2.347 (1.07), 2.363 (1.10), 2.375 (1.67), 2.387 (0.87), 2.518 (7.49), 2.522 (5.49), 2.678 (0.60), 2.719 (0.48), 2.734 (0.93), 2.751 (1.34), 2.760 (0.84), 2.765 (0.81), 2.777 (1.43), 2.795 (0.75), 2.809 (0.54), 2.851 (1.97), 2.869 (6.00), 2.887 (6.18), 2.905 (2.21), 3.135 (0.48), 3.150 (0.54), 3.169 (0.75), 3.231 (0.51), 3.249 (0.99), 3.266 (0.81), 3.283 (0.99), 3.399 (0.60), 3.416 (0.93), 3.427 (0.69), 3.444 (0.81), 3.528 (3.40), 3.540 (5.70), 3.551 (3.37), 3.836 (0.54), 4.145 (1.94), 4.154 (1.34), 4.171 (2.66), 4.179 (2.54), 4.234 (1.31), 4.251 (2.27), 4.269 (0.99), 4.602 (0.54), 4.634 (0.51), 4.665 (1.85), 4.699 (1.70), 6.852 (1.85), 6.870 (2.03), 7.080 (1.91), 7.101 (2.00), 7.343 (1.49), 7.364 (2.63), 7.383 (2.15), 7.429 (2.69), 7.449 (1.58), 7.471 (0.51), 7.476 (0.69), 7.489 (1.70), 7.492 (1.43), 7.495 (0.81), 7.501 (1.88), 7.507 (3.22), 7.513 (1.76), 7.521 (1.64), 7.525 (1.79), 7.538 (0.78), 7.542 (0.48), 7.596 (1.28), 7.617 (1.16), 7.844 (1.64), 7.851 (0.93), 7.863 (1.79), 7.867 (1.34), 8.199 (1.43), 8.204 (1.37), 8.221 (1.31), 8.224 (1.31).

Example 10 4-chloro-3-ethyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 8. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 8) gave the title compound (61 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 8): R_(t)=7.04 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=672 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −48.9° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.776 (0.70), 0.791 (0.44), 0.795 (1.59), 0.813 (0.96), 0.819 (0.49), 0.836 (0.73), 0.844 (5.01), 0.863 (11.35), 0.882 (5.03), 0.973 (0.63), 1.005 (2.39), 1.034 (1.01), 1.084 (1.22), 1.137 (7.42), 1.155 (16.00), 1.173 (7.58), 1.204 (0.42), 1.232 (1.38), 1.259 (1.75), 1.381 (0.49), 1.392 (0.58), 1.404 (0.56), 1.421 (0.61), 1.425 (0.56), 1.440 (0.44), 1.444 (0.42), 2.092 (1.10), 2.111 (3.04), 2.130 (2.83), 2.148 (1.01), 2.174 (1.01), 2.192 (1.47), 2.209 (1.08), 2.332 (1.33), 2.336 (0.98), 2.347 (1.05), 2.363 (1.08), 2.375 (1.64), 2.387 (0.84), 2.518 (5.87), 2.522 (4.26), 2.673 (1.05), 2.678 (0.49), 2.719 (0.44), 2.734 (0.87), 2.751 (1.26), 2.759 (0.80), 2.765 (0.75), 2.777 (1.33), 2.794 (0.73), 2.808 (0.54), 2.855 (1.96), 2.872 (5.99), 2.891 (5.99), 2.909 (1.99), 3.140 (0.47), 3.155 (0.54), 3.174 (0.75), 3.235 (0.51), 3.254 (0.98), 3.271 (0.80), 3.287 (0.96), 3.399 (0.56), 3.415 (0.91), 3.428 (0.65), 3.444 (0.77), 3.528 (3.25), 3.540 (5.52), 3.551 (3.25), 3.844 (0.51), 4.147 (1.85), 4.154 (1.36), 4.171 (2.57), 4.180 (2.41), 4.235 (1.26), 4.252 (2.18), 4.269 (0.96), 4.597 (0.54), 4.630 (0.51), 4.665 (1.75), 4.699 (1.61), 6.852 (1.80), 6.869 (1.94), 7.084 (1.94), 7.106 (2.06), 7.343 (1.43), 7.364 (2.60), 7.383 (2.08), 7.429 (2.60), 7.450 (1.50), 7.471 (0.47), 7.475 (0.65), 7.489 (1.52), 7.492 (1.40), 7.501 (1.78), 7.507 (3.04), 7.513 (1.68), 7.521 (1.57), 7.525 (1.71), 7.538 (0.73), 7.542 (0.51), 7.603 (1.33), 7.624 (1.24), 7.844 (1.57), 7.851 (0.91), 7.863 (1.73), 7.867 (1.33), 8.199 (1.33), 8.203 (1.36), 8.221 (1.26), 8.223 (1.31).

Example 11 (rac)-4-chloro-2,3,14-trimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl-4-chloro-2,3,14-trimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 46, 730 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of 15 mL of THF and 5 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (2.4 mL, 1.0 M, 2.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 65° C. overnight. Aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (1 mL, 1.0 M, 1 mmol) was added and stirring was continued at 65° C. for 72 hours. After concentration, water and a saturated, aqueous solution of citric acid were added until an acidic pH value was reached. The precipitated material was isolated by filtration and was purified by preperative HPLC (Method P4) to give the title compound (140 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.15 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=569 [M−H]⁻

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.030 (0.91), 1.044 (0.91), 1.101 (0.50), 1.154 (2.45), 1.172 (4.83), 1.190 (2.53), 1.233 (0.71), 1.753 (15.12), 1.872 (0.56), 1.907 (0.85), 1.980 (1.47), 1.987 (7.87), 2.059 (7.60), 2.153 (0.50), 2.171 (1.21), 2.188 (1.80), 2.205 (1.18), 2.223 (0.44), 2.318 (0.77), 2.322 (1.41), 2.327 (2.03), 2.332 (1.65), 2.336 (1.00), 2.518 (8.75), 2.523 (5.48), 2.539 (1.27), 2.660 (0.59), 2.664 (1.21), 2.669 (1.74), 2.673 (1.27), 2.900 (0.50), 2.912 (0.56), 2.924 (0.53), 3.188 (0.80), 3.206 (1.27), 3.221 (1.36), 3.239 (1.89), 3.259 (1.68), 3.313 (4.24), 3.328 (4.04), 3.344 (4.92), 3.484 (2.36), 3.515 (1.77), 3.634 (0.68), 3.646 (0.68), 3.658 (0.62), 3.793 (16.00), 3.810 (2.09), 3.834 (0.53), 4.000 (0.59), 4.017 (1.77), 4.035 (1.80), 4.053 (0.65), 4.173 (1.53), 4.188 (3.30), 4.204 (1.59), 4.299 (0.53), 4.318 (0.50), 4.333 (0.53), 6.874 (1.89), 6.891 (1.97), 7.158 (3.65), 7.180 (4.04), 7.359 (1.41), 7.380 (2.62), 7.399 (2.12), 7.444 (2.98), 7.464 (1.71), 7.492 (0.62), 7.505 (1.74), 7.510 (1.89), 7.512 (2.30), 7.521 (3.80), 7.530 (2.48), 7.536 (1.94), 7.549 (0.71), 7.553 (0.41), 7.670 (3.21), 7.691 (2.83), 7.853 (1.68), 7.862 (0.88), 7.871 (1.33), 7.877 (1.47), 8.172 (10.96), 8.231 (1.41), 8.238 (1.30), 8.247 (0.74), 8.255 (1.36).

The title compound (140 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (63 mg, see Example 12) and enantiomer 2 (69 mg, see Example 13).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, column: Chiralpak IE 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% N-ethylethanamine (99%); Eluent B: ethanol; gradient: 20-50% B in 20 min; flow 40.0 mL/min; UV 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; column: Chiralpak ID 3p 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% N-ethylethanamine (99%); Eluent B: ethanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 7 min; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 220 nm

Example 12 (+)-4-chloro-2,3,14-trimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 11. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 11) gave the title compound (63 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 11): R_(t)=2.05 min.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.21 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=569 [M−H]⁻

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): +33.4° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.134 (1.32), 1.152 (2.75), 1.170 (1.33), 1.751 (5.13), 1.891 (0.51), 2.045 (2.50), 2.166 (0.44), 2.183 (0.69), 2.200 (0.48), 2.323 (0.78), 2.327 (1.02), 2.332 (0.80), 2.518 (6.93), 2.523 (5.16), 2.540 (16.00), 2.665 (0.61), 2.669 (0.86), 2.673 (0.61), 2.882 (1.01), 2.900 (0.99), 3.288 (0.79), 3.457 (0.66), 3.488 (0.50), 3.788 (5.43), 4.166 (0.48), 4.181 (1.02), 4.197 (0.53), 6.866 (0.66), 6.884 (0.72), 7.117 (0.63), 7.138 (0.64), 7.353 (0.45), 7.373 (0.88), 7.393 (0.67), 7.439 (1.01), 7.459 (0.59), 7.502 (0.61), 7.509 (0.78), 7.518 (1.20), 7.527 (0.86), 7.533 (0.64), 7.615 (0.47), 7.636 (0.44), 7.851 (0.57), 7.868 (0.45), 7.874 (0.48), 8.230 (0.50), 8.236 (0.44), 8.254 (0.45).

Example 13 (−)-4-chloro-2,3,14-trimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 11. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 11) gave the title compound (69 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 11): R_(t)=3.38 min.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.20 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=571 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01):—24.2° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.797 (1.36), 0.802 (0.77), 0.814 (1.63), 0.821 (1.68), 0.834 (0.91), 0.840 (1.15), 0.852 (1.39), 0.886 (0.77), 0.904 (1.42), 0.922 (0.83), 0.973 (0.59), 0.991 (0.72), 1.006 (0.80), 1.049 (0.91), 1.068 (0.93), 1.083 (0.91), 1.131 (6.94), 1.149 (14.50), 1.167 (7.51), 1.204 (1.18), 1.236 (3.23), 1.258 (0.69), 1.754 (15.89), 1.864 (0.61), 1.890 (0.85), 1.904 (1.15), 1.974 (1.76), 2.055 (9.67), 2.161 (1.47), 2.178 (2.16), 2.195 (1.47), 2.210 (0.64), 2.294 (0.61), 2.323 (1.52), 2.327 (2.08), 2.331 (1.47), 2.478 (4.35), 2.518 (7.19), 2.522 (4.51), 2.539 (1.58), 2.665 (1.15), 2.669 (1.60), 2.673 (1.18), 2.836 (1.87), 2.854 (5.77), 2.872 (5.61), 2.890 (1.76), 3.114 (0.40), 3.133 (0.77), 3.146 (0.88), 3.165 (1.34), 3.184 (0.75), 3.252 (1.07), 3.276 (2.80), 3.308 (5.64), 3.435 (2.38), 3.466 (1.68), 3.695 (0.53), 3.711 (0.67), 3.725 (0.59), 3.785 (16.00), 3.801 (2.70), 4.132 (0.75), 4.156 (1.55), 4.170 (3.37), 4.188 (1.60), 4.200 (0.67), 4.424 (0.56), 4.441 (0.56), 4.457 (0.53), 5.759 (2.11), 6.855 (1.98), 6.873 (2.16), 6.887 (0.43), 6.905 (0.43), 7.041 (0.64), 7.062 (0.99), 7.067 (2.46), 7.088 (2.59), 7.343 (1.42), 7.363 (2.94), 7.382 (2.54), 7.402 (0.43), 7.432 (2.99), 7.452 (1.76), 7.480 (0.43), 7.485 (0.67), 7.497 (1.87), 7.504 (2.51), 7.513 (4.27), 7.521 (2.70), 7.528 (2.14), 7.536 (0.80), 7.541 (0.96), 7.550 (2.03), 7.571 (1.76), 7.847 (1.76), 7.855 (1.10), 7.864 (1.44), 7.870 (1.66), 8.227 (1.63), 8.234 (1.52), 8.244 (0.88), 8.251 (1.58).

Example 14 (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 49, 351 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of 3 mL of THF and 1 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (1.2 mL, 1.0 M, 1.2 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 72 hours. Aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (1.2 mL, 1.0 M, 1.2 mmol) was added and stirring was continued at 70° C. for 3 days. The mixture was acidified using an aqueous, saturated solution of citric acid and was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate, were filtered and were concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by preperative HPLC (Method P2) to give the title compound (126 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.54 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=576 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.961 (0.54), 1.154 (2.75), 1.172 (5.67), 1.189 (3.48), 1.309 (0.58), 1.773 (15.42), 1.987 (8.68), 2.074 (0.41), 2.178 (1.29), 2.195 (1.93), 2.212 (1.33), 2.322 (0.97), 2.326 (1.25), 2.331 (0.90), 2.522 (6.29), 2.665 (0.99), 2.669 (1.25), 3.112 (0.90), 3.126 (0.84), 3.151 (0.43), 3.236 (0.54), 3.252 (0.90), 3.270 (1.80), 3.292 (2.43), 3.785 (0.54), 3.820 (16.00), 3.999 (0.71), 4.016 (1.98), 4.035 (1.93), 4.053 (0.67), 4.170 (1.48), 4.186 (3.07), 4.193 (3.26), 4.224 (2.60), 4.255 (0.69), 4.275 (0.71), 4.290 (0.58), 4.425 (2.38), 4.456 (1.95), 6.853 (1.37), 6.860 (1.44), 6.868 (1.31), 6.875 (1.44), 7.191 (3.22), 7.212 (3.44), 7.357 (0.82), 7.363 (0.94), 7.379 (1.46), 7.386 (1.57), 7.402 (1.01), 7.408 (1.25), 7.427 (2.71), 7.434 (3.14), 7.441 (5.76), 7.455 (0.52), 7.640 (1.59), 7.646 (1.59), 7.666 (1.63), 7.672 (1.52), 7.718 (2.88), 7.740 (2.64), 8.222 (1.40), 8.237 (1.48), 8.245 (1.44), 8.260 (1.31).

The title compound (116 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (65 mg, see Example 15) and enantiomer 2 (65 mg, see Example 17).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, Column: YMC Amylose SA 5μ250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 15 min; Flow 40.0 mL/min; UV 254 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; Column: YMC Amylose SA 3μ 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%)/2-Propanol 75:25; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 254 nm

Example 15 (+)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 14. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 14) gave the title compound (65 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 14): R_(t)=1.80 min.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.52 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=576 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): +39.1° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.852 (0.48), 1.088 (0.60), 1.118 (5.69), 1.136 (12.07), 1.154 (5.64), 1.237 (1.11), 1.259 (0.46), 1.292 (0.46), 1.777 (10.19), 2.164 (0.71), 2.181 (1.14), 2.198 (0.80), 2.336 (0.60), 2.518 (16.00), 2.522 (10.51), 2.660 (0.51), 2.819 (1.22), 2.837 (3.81), 2.855 (3.79), 2.873 (1.20), 3.102 (0.48), 3.116 (0.46), 3.127 (0.46), 3.138 (0.51), 3.153 (0.43), 3.172 (0.57), 3.228 (0.68), 3.247 (0.57), 3.261 (0.63), 3.813 (10.14), 4.141 (0.46), 4.157 (1.08), 4.171 (1.11), 4.188 (1.77), 4.219 (1.65), 4.378 (1.42), 4.409 (1.37), 6.829 (0.77), 6.836 (0.85), 6.845 (0.80), 6.852 (0.88), 7.064 (1.00), 7.085 (1.08), 7.355 (0.54), 7.361 (0.65), 7.377 (0.85), 7.384 (1.00), 7.399 (0.68), 7.409 (1.45), 7.419 (1.68), 7.425 (3.53), 7.546 (0.71), 7.567 (0.65), 7.630 (0.97), 7.637 (1.02), 7.656 (0.97), 7.663 (0.97), 8.240 (0.83), 8.255 (0.88), 8.264 (0.88), 8.278 (0.83).

Example 16 (−)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

4.50 g of a batch of 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine (enantiomer 1, see Example 15) containing triphenylphosphine oxide were purified by acidic preparative HPLC.

Preparative HPLC Method:

Labomatic HD3000, Knauer Pump 100, Labcol Vario 4000 Plus, Knauer DAD 2600; column: Waters XBrigde C18 5μ 100×50 mm; Eluent A: water+0.1 Vol-% formic acid (99%), Eluent B: Acetonitril; Isokratic: 70% B, 150 mL/min, DAD @ 220 nm

4.00 g of the obtained material were purified by flash chromatography using an amino-substituted silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/methanol) and using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethyl acetate). The obtained material was dissolved in 25 mL of ethanol and 50 mL of water. The ethanol was removed under reduced pressure and the remaining mixture was dried by lyophilization to give the title compound (1.95 g).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.93 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=576 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): +50.3° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.175 (0.86), 1.188 (0.89), 1.200 (0.86), 1.211 (0.57), 1.230 (0.46), 1.302 (0.42), 1.774 (15.52), 2.179 (0.97), 2.196 (1.50), 2.212 (0.99), 2.518 (4.24), 2.523 (2.91), 3.113 (0.68), 3.127 (0.63), 3.137 (0.46), 3.252 (0.61), 3.271 (1.33), 3.293 (1.67), 3.820 (16.00), 4.171 (1.07), 4.187 (2.34), 4.194 (2.72), 4.225 (2.34), 4.256 (0.49), 4.275 (0.53), 4.295 (0.42), 4.425 (2.17), 4.457 (1.77), 6.853 (1.16), 6.861 (1.22), 6.868 (1.07), 6.875 (1.26), 7.192 (3.63), 7.213 (3.61), 7.357 (0.78), 7.364 (0.93), 7.380 (1.22), 7.386 (1.35), 7.402 (0.88), 7.408 (1.14), 7.428 (2.24), 7.435 (2.47), 7.442 (5.56), 7.640 (1.43), 7.647 (1.46), 7.666 (1.45), 7.673 (1.45), 7.719 (2.97), 7.741 (2.61), 8.222 (1.27), 8.237 (1.29), 8.246 (1.29), 8.260 (1.24).

Example 17 (−)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 14. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 14) gave the title compound (65 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 14): R_(t)=3.07 min.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.54 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=576 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −33.0° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.088 (0.67), 1.125 (7.25), 1.144 (16.00), 1.161 (7.19), 1.234 (0.82), 1.295 (0.48), 1.777 (13.16), 2.166 (0.91), 2.183 (1.43), 2.200 (1.00), 2.336 (0.46), 2.518 (11.98), 2.522 (8.45), 2.827 (1.69), 2.845 (5.25), 2.863 (5.28), 2.881 (1.67), 3.103 (0.61), 3.116 (0.52), 3.126 (0.61), 3.142 (0.61), 3.157 (0.54), 3.176 (0.78), 3.214 (0.46), 3.233 (0.91), 3.250 (0.69), 3.266 (0.80), 3.672 (0.48), 3.812 (13.53), 4.142 (0.61), 4.157 (1.39), 4.171 (1.41), 4.188 (2.28), 4.219 (2.13), 4.379 (1.89), 4.410 (1.72), 4.435 (0.43), 5.759 (1.06), 6.828 (1.04), 6.834 (1.06), 6.844 (1.00), 6.850 (1.13), 7.067 (1.69), 7.088 (1.80), 7.354 (0.72), 7.361 (0.82), 7.376 (1.11), 7.383 (1.28), 7.399 (0.85), 7.407 (1.91), 7.419 (2.15), 7.425 (4.32), 7.440 (0.48), 7.549 (1.19), 7.570 (1.11), 7.630 (1.24), 7.637 (1.28), 7.656 (1.26), 7.663 (1.26), 8.240 (1.06), 8.255 (1.15), 8.263 (1.13), 8.278 (1.06).

Example 18 (rac)-(11 Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,13,15-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl-(l 1 Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,13,15-tetra-hydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 51, 50.0 mg, 83.6 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 4.5 mL THF and 1.8 mL ethanol and the aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (1.7 mL, 1.0 M, 1.7 mmol) was added. It was stirred at 65° C. overnight in a heating block. The mixture was diluted with water and it was acidified using 1-molar hydrochloric acid and buffer-solution (pH6). It was extracted with dichloromethane/methanol (9:1). The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate and the clear filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by preperative HPLC (Method P2) to give the titled compound (23.2 mg, 95% purity) as a racemic mixture.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.67 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=570 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.784 (3.10), 0.803 (7.24), 0.822 (3.41), 1.231 (1.00), 1.907 (0.40), 2.141 (0.67), 2.159 (1.52), 2.179 (1.98), 2.198 (1.67), 2.216 (1.40), 2.222 (1.22), 2.235 (1.06), 2.245 (0.88), 2.336 (0.55), 2.518 (6.69), 2.522 (4.56), 2.539 (13.26), 2.678 (0.55), 3.290 (1.83), 3.311 (4.29), 3.558 (0.58), 3.571 (0.70), 3.589 (0.91), 3.601 (0.82), 3.740 (0.79), 3.768 (1.22), 3.797 (0.64), 3.886 (16.00), 4.149 (1.98), 4.181 (2.56), 4.193 (1.46), 4.208 (2.86), 4.223 (1.34), 4.354 (2.46), 4.386 (1.98), 4.573 (0.49), 4.600 (0.58), 4.611 (0.67), 4.638 (0.70), 4.927 (0.76), 4.965 (0.61), 5.001 (0.55), 5.007 (0.43), 5.028 (0.97), 5.035 (0.88), 5.055 (0.52), 5.061 (0.49), 5.249 (0.40), 5.264 (0.64), 5.276 (0.64), 6.887 (1.73), 6.904 (1.89), 7.219 (2.95), 7.240 (3.16), 7.367 (1.34), 7.387 (2.46), 7.406 (2.01), 7.445 (2.62), 7.466 (1.43), 7.473 (0.61), 7.476 (0.67), 7.490 (1.43), 7.493 (1.37), 7.508 (2.74), 7.513 (2.92), 7.528 (1.40), 7.532 (1.61), 7.544 (0.70), 7.549 (0.55), 7.752 (2.34), 7.774 (2.10), 7.852 (1.58), 7.872 (1.67), 7.875 (1.34), 8.179 (1.37), 8.183 (1.43), 8.202 (1.31).

Example 19 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 52, 238 mg, 397 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 22 mL THF and 9 mL ethanol and the aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (7.9 mL, 1.0 M, 7.9 mmol) was added. It was stirred at 50° C. overnight in a heating block. Because of incomplete reaction stirring was continued at 80° C. for 6 hours and at 60° C. for 72 hours. The mixture was diluted with water and it was acidified using 1-molar hydrochloric acid and buffer-solution (pH6). It was extracted with dichloromethane/methanol (9:1). The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate and the clear filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by preperative HPLC (Method P2) to give the titled compound (114 mg, 95% purity) as a racemic mixture.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.71 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=572 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.789 (3.12), 0.808 (7.26), 0.827 (3.21), 0.961 (0.42), 1.210 (0.90), 1.222 (0.81), 1.232 (0.87), 1.353 (1.71), 1.907 (0.57), 2.118 (0.69), 2.136 (1.29), 2.155 (1.20), 2.162 (1.26), 2.182 (1.95), 2.200 (1.74), 2.218 (1.32), 2.237 (0.45), 2.331 (1.26), 2.337 (0.57), 2.518 (7.89), 2.523 (5.31), 2.540 (1.77), 2.674 (1.26), 2.678 (0.57), 3.125 (0.72), 3.139 (0.66), 3.150 (0.45), 3.256 (0.75), 3.273 (1.32), 3.287 (1.44), 3.849 (16.00), 4.168 (0.99), 4.183 (2.13), 4.187 (2.88), 4.219 (2.58), 4.239 (0.51), 4.258 (0.51), 4.272 (0.42), 4.415 (2.25), 4.446 (1.83), 5.760 (1.23), 6.869 (1.89), 6.887 (1.95), 7.183 (2.82), 7.204 (2.85), 7.360 (1.38), 7.381 (2.52), 7.400 (1.98), 7.446 (2.58), 7.467 (1.50), 7.497 (0.54), 7.509 (1.56), 7.515 (2.43), 7.524 (3.36), 7.533 (2.79), 7.539 (1.80), 7.551 (0.60), 7.717 (2.16), 7.739 (1.98), 7.856 (1.47), 7.859 (1.11), 7.866 (0.75), 7.873 (1.05), 7.879 (1.26), 8.225 (1.32), 8.232 (1.08), 8.241 (0.60), 8.249 (1.23).

The titled compound (121 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (39 mg, see Example 20) and enantiomer 2 (39 mg, see Example 21).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Sepiatec: Prep SFC100; column: Chiralpak IG μm 250×30 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol; Isocratic: 15% B; Flow 100.0 mL/min Temperature: 40° C.; BPR: 150 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent: 1260, Aurora SFC-Modul; column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol; Isocratic: 15% B; Flow 4.0 mL/min; Temperature: 37.5° C.; BPR: 100 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Example 20 4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic titled compound see Example 19. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 19) gave the titled compound (39 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 19): R_(t)=5.05 min.

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): 23.5° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.788 (3.09), 0.797 (1.97), 0.807 (7.32), 0.814 (2.35), 0.821 (2.41), 0.826 (3.32), 0.840 (0.93), 0.886 (0.85), 0.904 (1.76), 0.922 (0.99), 0.949 (0.42), 0.971 (0.44), 1.209 (0.91), 1.221 (0.89), 1.235 (0.72), 1.324 (0.44), 2.117 (0.70), 2.135 (1.27), 2.154 (1.21), 2.162 (1.27), 2.169 (0.80), 2.181 (1.78), 2.202 (1.74), 2.217 (1.31), 2.236 (0.44), 2.332 (0.87), 2.518 (6.24), 2.522 (4.13), 2.673 (0.91), 2.678 (0.42), 3.124 (0.74), 3.138 (0.68), 3.149 (0.49), 3.256 (0.87), 3.274 (1.57), 3.287 (1.86), 3.848 (16.00), 4.167 (1.02), 4.182 (2.22), 4.187 (2.90), 4.218 (2.65), 4.236 (0.55), 4.254 (0.53), 4.270 (0.44), 4.415 (2.24), 4.446 (1.86), 6.868 (1.80), 6.885 (1.93), 7.183 (3.15), 7.205 (3.13), 7.359 (1.33), 7.380 (2.48), 7.399 (1.90), 7.445 (2.56), 7.466 (1.50), 7.495 (0.53), 7.508 (1.61), 7.514 (2.46), 7.523 (3.39), 7.532 (2.73), 7.538 (1.80), 7.550 (0.59), 7.719 (2.56), 7.740 (2.26), 7.855 (1.48), 7.858 (1.12), 7.865 (0.76), 7.872 (1.04), 7.878 (1.27), 8.224 (1.29), 8.231 (1.06), 8.240 (0.61), 8.248 (1.23).

Example 21 4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic titled compound see Example 19. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 19) gave the titled compound (39 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 19): R_(t)=6.71 min.

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −24.9° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.788 (3.22), 0.807 (7.32), 0.826 (3.41), 0.948 (0.50), 0.959 (0.50), 1.209 (1.05), 1.221 (0.92), 1.325 (0.50), 2.117 (0.75), 2.135 (1.37), 2.154 (1.31), 2.162 (1.40), 2.181 (1.95), 2.202 (1.99), 2.217 (1.46), 2.237 (0.52), 2.322 (0.63), 2.326 (0.86), 2.331 (0.63), 2.522 (3.03), 2.664 (0.65), 2.668 (0.86), 2.673 (0.65), 3.112 (0.44), 3.124 (0.84), 3.138 (0.78), 3.149 (0.58), 3.164 (0.43), 3.242 (0.49), 3.257 (1.09), 3.275 (1.92), 3.288 (2.29), 3.812 (0.43), 3.848 (16.00), 4.166 (1.21), 4.181 (2.52), 4.187 (3.13), 4.218 (2.82), 4.236 (0.65), 4.254 (0.63), 4.271 (0.52), 4.415 (2.39), 4.447 (1.95), 6.867 (1.96), 6.885 (2.11), 7.184 (3.29), 7.206 (3.35), 7.359 (1.33), 7.380 (2.58), 7.399 (1.96), 7.445 (2.77), 7.466 (1.62), 7.495 (0.56), 7.508 (1.68), 7.513 (2.58), 7.523 (3.28), 7.532 (2.89), 7.538 (1.82), 7.550 (0.61), 7.719 (2.86), 7.741 (2.61), 7.855 (1.61), 7.864 (0.84), 7.872 (1.15), 7.878 (1.34), 8.224 (1.40), 8.231 (1.17), 8.239 (0.69), 8.248 (1.31).

Example 22 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2,14-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-2,14-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 56, 622 mg, 85% purity, 862 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 40 mL THF and 20 mL ethanol and the aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (17 mL, 1.0 M, 17 mmol) was added. It was stirred at 65° C. overnight in a heating block. The mixture was diluted with water and it was acidified using 1-molar hydrochloric acid and buffer-solution (pH6). It was extracted with dichloromethane/methanol (9:1). The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate and the clear filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by preperative HPLC (Method P3). Received product fractions were again purified by flash chromatography, gradient dichloromethan/methanol (10-70%) to give the titled compound (276 mg, 95% purity).

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.773 (3.11), 0.792 (7.14), 0.811 (3.26), 0.832 (0.42), 1.024 (1.02), 1.112 (0.48), 1.232 (0.75), 1.865 (0.44), 1.878 (0.48), 1.907 (0.46), 2.034 (7.87), 2.096 (0.66), 2.114 (1.35), 2.127 (1.31), 2.133 (1.33), 2.146 (1.41), 2.171 (1.27), 2.189 (1.74), 2.206 (1.25), 2.224 (0.44), 2.322 (1.08), 2.326 (1.47), 2.332 (1.14), 2.336 (0.68), 2.362 (0.48), 2.518 (4.52), 2.522 (3.03), 2.660 (0.42), 2.664 (0.91), 2.669 (1.20), 2.673 (0.89), 3.165 (0.60), 3.183 (0.93), 3.197 (1.12), 3.216 (1.66), 3.246 (1.74), 3.271 (3.49), 3.447 (3.03), 3.478 (2.12), 3.693 (0.52), 3.812 (16.00), 3.944 (0.73), 4.162 (1.31), 4.178 (2.68), 4.194 (1.41), 4.324 (0.42), 4.355 (0.42), 6.855 (1.74), 6.872 (1.89), 7.112 (2.18), 7.133 (2.35), 7.345 (1.37), 7.365 (2.53), 7.384 (1.99), 7.435 (2.72), 7.456 (1.64), 7.488 (0.60), 7.501 (1.85), 7.506 (2.45), 7.516 (3.69), 7.525 (2.80), 7.531 (1.83), 7.543 (0.66), 7.608 (1.76), 7.630 (1.60), 7.848 (1.62), 7.858 (0.81), 7.866 (1.18), 7.872 (1.37), 8.234 (1.43), 8.241 (1.16), 8.249 (0.71), 8.258 (1.27).

The titled compound (269 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (95 mg, see Example 23) and enantiomer 2 (107 mg, see Example 24).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, column: Chiralpak IE 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% N-ethylethanamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Isocratic: 65% A+35% B; Flow 50.0 mL/min; UV 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; column: Chiralpak IE 3p 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% N-ethylethanamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Isocratic: 65% A+35% B; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 220 nm

Example 23 4-chloro-3-ethyl-2,14-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic titled compound see Example 22. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 22) gave the titled compound (95 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 22): R_(t)=3.23 min.

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): 41.7° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.776 (3.47), 0.795 (8.00), 0.814 (3.77), 1.026 (0.84), 1.138 (1.25), 1.156 (1.79), 1.174 (0.92), 1.233 (0.84), 1.255 (0.73), 1.907 (0.76), 2.059 (3.85), 2.098 (0.89), 2.116 (1.60), 2.136 (2.12), 2.156 (1.76), 2.177 (1.76), 2.195 (2.28), 2.213 (1.57), 2.323 (1.19), 2.327 (1.65), 2.331 (1.22), 2.352 (0.41), 2.386 (0.65), 2.523 (7.00), 2.665 (1.19), 2.669 (1.63), 2.673 (1.19), 2.929 (0.43), 3.207 (0.43), 3.225 (0.76), 3.240 (1.00), 3.258 (1.63), 3.278 (1.74), 3.295 (2.71), 3.484 (1.90), 3.515 (1.38), 3.822 (16.00), 3.865 (0.84), 3.889 (0.57), 3.939 (0.60), 4.174 (1.76), 4.189 (3.53), 4.205 (1.79), 4.257 (0.57), 4.274 (0.57), 6.868 (2.17), 6.886 (2.33), 7.172 (3.47), 7.193 (3.80), 7.358 (1.55), 7.378 (2.93), 7.397 (2.17), 7.445 (3.15), 7.466 (1.87), 7.490 (0.49), 7.495 (0.68), 7.507 (2.03), 7.514 (2.71), 7.523 (4.01), 7.531 (2.87), 7.538 (2.17), 7.550 (0.76), 7.555 (0.43), 7.688 (3.04), 7.710 (2.77), 7.855 (1.84), 7.864 (1.03), 7.873 (1.46), 7.878 (1.60), 8.238 (1.65), 8.244 (1.46), 8.254 (0.92), 8.262 (1.55).

Example 24 4-chloro-3-ethyl-2,14-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic titled compound see Example 22. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 22) gave the titled compound (107 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 22): R_(t)=3.93 min.

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −33.7° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.778 (3.81), 0.797 (8.58), 0.815 (4.14), 0.841 (0.48), 1.041 (0.94), 1.073 (0.96), 1.137 (1.54), 1.156 (2.29), 1.173 (1.18), 1.232 (0.94), 1.256 (0.89), 1.907 (0.48), 1.954 (0.43), 2.090 (3.49), 2.125 (2.05), 2.144 (2.48), 2.162 (2.29), 2.180 (2.43), 2.196 (2.72), 2.213 (1.83), 2.323 (1.08), 2.327 (1.47), 2.331 (1.13), 2.354 (0.46), 2.387 (0.72), 2.408 (0.65), 2.665 (1.11), 2.669 (1.47), 2.673 (1.13), 2.913 (0.60), 2.931 (0.60), 3.209 (0.58), 3.227 (0.99), 3.242 (1.33), 3.260 (2.12), 3.280 (2.48), 3.497 (2.00), 3.528 (1.35), 3.828 (16.00), 3.866 (1.01), 3.941 (1.11), 4.175 (2.00), 4.190 (4.00), 4.205 (2.07), 4.272 (0.63), 4.291 (0.65), 6.869 (2.39), 6.887 (2.58), 7.177 (3.83), 7.198 (3.88), 7.358 (1.54), 7.379 (3.11), 7.398 (2.39), 7.445 (3.47), 7.466 (2.10), 7.494 (0.80), 7.507 (2.14), 7.514 (2.99), 7.523 (4.43), 7.531 (3.16), 7.538 (2.51), 7.550 (0.89), 7.555 (0.55), 7.696 (3.23), 7.717 (2.94), 7.855 (2.05), 7.864 (1.25), 7.873 (1.69), 7.878 (1.83), 8.237 (1.83), 8.244 (1.66), 8.253 (1.11), 8.261 (1.76).

Example 25 (rac)-4-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl-4-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 58,175 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of 3 mL of THF and 1 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (600 μL, 1.0 M, 600 μmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 65° C. overnight. Aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (250 μL, 1.0 M, 250 μmol) was added and stirring was continued at 65° C. for 14 hours. After concentration, water was added and the mixture was acidified using an aqueous, saturated solution of citric acid and was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate and were concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by preparative HPLC (Method P3) to give the title compound (128 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.54 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=558 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.177 (0.84), 1.191 (0.75), 1.202 (0.69), 1.351 (16.00), 1.740 (0.45), 1.752 (0.69), 1.757 (1.38), 1.776 (11.98), 2.180 (2.85), 2.197 (1.23), 2.214 (0.84), 2.518 (6.96), 2.523 (4.65), 2.539 (0.81), 3.112 (0.60), 3.127 (0.54), 3.235 (0.51), 3.250 (0.72), 3.269 (1.17), 3.287 (1.38), 3.582 (0.48), 3.598 (1.05), 3.615 (0.42), 3.819 (12.43), 4.167 (0.84), 4.184 (1.77), 4.191 (2.19), 4.222 (1.86), 4.258 (0.42), 4.279 (0.42), 4.421 (1.71), 4.452 (1.44), 6.654 (0.78), 6.868 (1.38), 6.876 (1.44), 6.894 (1.47), 7.187 (2.58), 7.208 (2.67), 7.363 (0.99), 7.384 (1.95), 7.403 (1.56), 7.446 (2.01), 7.467 (1.17), 7.495 (0.42), 7.507 (1.23), 7.514 (1.71), 7.523 (2.55), 7.531 (1.83), 7.538 (1.35), 7.550 (0.48), 7.723 (2.16), 7.743 (1.95), 7.855 (1.14), 7.864 (0.60), 7.873 (0.87), 7.878 (0.99), 8.218 (1.02), 8.225 (0.90), 8.234 (0.48), 8.242 (0.96).

The title compound (126 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (47 mg, see Example 26) and enantiomer 2 (47 mg, see Example 27).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Sepiatec: Prep SFC100; column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 250×30 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: 2-Propanole+0.4 Vol-% N-ethylethanamine (99%); Isocratic: 27% B; Flow 100.0 mL/min Temperature: 40° C.; BPR: 150 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent: 1260, Aurora SFC-Modul; column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: 2-Propanole+0.2 Vol-% N-ethylethanamine (99%); Isocratic: 27% B; Flow 4.0 mL/min; Temperature: 37.5° C.; BPR: 100 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Example 26 4-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo-[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 25. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 25) gave the title compound (47 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 25): R_(t)=2.01 min.

LC-MS (Method): R_(t)=1.53 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=558 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.026 (0.52), 1.042 (0.57), 1.088 (0.90), 1.134 (3.48), 1.150 (6.17), 1.165 (3.27), 1.303 (0.57), 1.781 (15.83), 2.170 (1.26), 2.187 (1.93), 2.204 (1.34), 2.221 (0.42), 2.322 (0.75), 2.326 (1.07), 2.331 (0.82), 2.522 (4.01), 2.664 (0.78), 2.669 (1.09), 2.673 (0.86), 2.848 (2.26), 2.864 (2.26), 3.105 (0.86), 3.129 (0.80), 3.142 (0.97), 3.156 (0.78), 3.175 (1.13), 3.193 (0.61), 3.228 (0.78), 3.246 (1.47), 3.264 (1.38), 3.279 (2.14), 3.648 (0.44), 3.673 (0.67), 3.694 (0.48), 3.813 (16.00), 4.129 (0.52), 4.137 (0.76), 4.153 (1.95), 4.168 (1.93), 4.187 (2.62), 4.219 (2.60), 4.377 (2.45), 4.408 (1.99), 4.431 (0.59), 4.450 (0.55), 4.465 (0.57), 6.852 (1.93), 6.870 (2.05), 7.059 (2.64), 7.080 (2.79), 7.343 (1.30), 7.364 (2.56), 7.383 (1.99), 7.431 (2.70), 7.451 (1.61), 7.485 (0.55), 7.497 (1.57), 7.504 (2.22), 7.513 (3.50), 7.522 (2.31), 7.528 (1.91), 7.541 (0.76), 7.550 (2.18), 7.571 (1.89), 7.847 (1.53), 7.856 (0.84), 7.864 (1.22), 7.870 (1.38), 8.222 (1.34), 8.229 (1.26), 8.237 (0.69), 8.246 (1.36).

Example 27 4-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo-[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 25. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 25) gave the title compound (47 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 25): R_(t)=3.67 min.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.53 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=558 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.027 (3.78), 1.042 (4.04), 1.088 (0.74), 1.112 (3.26), 1.129 (5.83), 1.146 (2.91), 1.299 (0.39), 1.352 (16.00), 1.781 (13.61), 2.166 (0.87), 2.181 (3.09), 2.200 (0.96), 2.332 (1.74), 2.336 (0.78), 2.518 (9.43), 2.522 (6.35), 2.539 (0.52), 2.673 (1.78), 2.678 (0.78), 2.820 (1.91), 2.837 (1.87), 3.103 (0.61), 3.129 (0.78), 3.144 (0.57), 3.163 (0.70), 3.216 (0.43), 3.234 (0.87), 3.253 (0.65), 3.268 (0.83), 3.660 (0.39), 3.813 (13.52), 4.136 (0.57), 4.152 (1.48), 4.168 (1.43), 4.187 (2.00), 4.218 (2.09), 4.374 (1.83), 4.406 (1.52), 6.655 (0.61), 6.854 (1.43), 6.871 (1.96), 7.050 (1.39), 7.071 (1.48), 7.345 (1.13), 7.366 (2.09), 7.385 (1.70), 7.430 (2.09), 7.451 (1.22), 7.486 (0.48), 7.498 (1.35), 7.505 (1.87), 7.514 (2.96), 7.523 (2.04), 7.529 (1.57), 7.540 (1.22), 7.559 (0.87), 7.846 (1.22), 7.856 (0.61), 7.864 (0.87), 7.870 (1.00), 8.222 (1.13), 8.229 (0.91), 8.238 (0.52), 8.247 (1.00).

Example 28 (rac)-12-chloro-10,11-dimethyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrazolo[3′,4′:7,8][1,5]diazecino[9,10,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylic Acid-Formic Acid Salt

(rac)-Ethyl-12-chloro-10,11-dimethyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrazolo[3′,4′:7,8][1,5]diazecino[9,10,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 62, 100 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of 2 mL of THF and 1 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (350 μL, 1.0 M, 350 μmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 72 hours. Aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (200 μL, 1.0 M, 200 μmol) was added and stirring was continued at 70° C. for 2 days. After concentration, water was added and the mixture was acidified using an aqueous, saturated solution of citric acid and was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate, were filtered and were concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by preparative HPLC (Method P4) to give the title compound (35 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.17 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=541 [M−H]⁻

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.561 (1.15), 1.812 (1.00), 1.934 (15.82), 1.952 (0.66), 1.976 (0.55), 2.152 (1.02), 2.169 (1.60), 2.188 (1.94), 2.204 (0.52), 2.336 (0.55), 2.518 (6.61), 2.522 (4.22), 2.539 (7.45), 2.659 (0.55), 2.718 (0.55), 2.753 (0.55), 3.135 (1.63), 3.170 (2.12), 3.180 (1.21), 3.198 (1.44), 3.218 (1.15), 3.276 (2.02), 3.295 (2.91), 3.313 (2.96), 3.328 (3.25), 3.346 (3.02), 3.703 (0.52), 3.723 (0.66), 3.740 (0.55), 3.757 (0.42), 3.831 (16.00), 3.855 (1.18), 4.160 (1.47), 4.176 (3.07), 4.192 (1.55), 4.610 (0.73), 4.646 (0.68), 5.759 (3.17), 6.877 (1.86), 6.895 (1.97), 7.138 (3.70), 7.159 (3.70), 7.360 (1.39), 7.380 (2.60), 7.399 (2.10), 7.438 (2.73), 7.458 (1.50), 7.478 (0.45), 7.481 (0.68), 7.494 (1.52), 7.498 (1.50), 7.506 (1.84), 7.512 (3.30), 7.518 (1.84), 7.526 (1.65), 7.530 (1.76), 7.543 (0.68), 7.547 (0.50), 7.674 (2.91), 7.696 (2.62), 7.848 (1.57), 7.855 (1.00), 7.866 (1.65), 7.871 (1.39), 8.182 (9.50), 8.206 (1.39), 8.211 (1.36), 8.230 (1.36).

Example 29 (rac)-12-chloro-7,10,11-trimethyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrazolo[3′,4′:7,8][1,5]diazecino[9,10,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl-12-chloro-7,10,11-trimethyl-1-[3-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrazolo[3′,4′:7,8][1,5]diazecino[9,10,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylate (see Intermediate 63, 57.6 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of 2 mL of THF and 1 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (200 μL, 1.0 M, 200 μmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 72 hours. After concentration, water was added and the mixture was acidified using an aqueous, saturated solution of citric acid and was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate, were filtered and were concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound (52 mg).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.37 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=557 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ [ppm]: 0.000 (1.44), 0.007 (0.89), 0.010 (1.00), 0.025 (0.55), 0.104 (0.86), 1.103 (0.44), 1.154 (1.50), 1.184 (1.61), 1.212 (0.64), 1.249 (0.50), 1.265 (0.53), 1.289 (2.30), 1.306 (4.77), 1.324 (2.38), 1.353 (0.64), 1.380 (0.55), 1.410 (1.08), 1.557 (1.30), 1.741 (3.52), 1.933 (1.75), 1.985 (16.00), 2.015 (1.22), 2.023 (1.11), 2.037 (1.36), 2.106 (0.69), 2.230 (1.58), 2.247 (2.00), 2.265 (1.55), 2.966 (2.02), 3.063 (0.55), 3.269 (0.44), 3.287 (0.83), 3.306 (1.30), 3.329 (1.69), 3.348 (1.08), 3.605 (0.67), 3.624 (0.61), 3.641 (0.58), 3.857 (1.86), 3.879 (12.37), 3.961 (1.11), 4.108 (1.25), 4.122 (1.77), 4.135 (1.41), 4.149 (1.28), 4.164 (0.64), 4.231 (0.64), 4.249 (1.77), 4.267 (1.75), 4.284 (0.58), 5.233 (8.98), 6.709 (1.30), 6.726 (1.36), 6.734 (0.78), 6.754 (0.80), 6.929 (1.55), 7.100 (3.94), 7.122 (4.10), 7.156 (0.58), 7.220 (0.44), 7.267 (1.08), 7.288 (1.97), 7.292 (0.97), 7.306 (1.69), 7.313 (1.28), 7.335 (2.16), 7.355 (1.22), 7.366 (1.30), 7.378 (0.92), 7.386 (1.16), 7.396 (1.53), 7.399 (1.33), 7.403 (1.58), 7.415 (1.58), 7.422 (2.91), 7.434 (2.94), 7.440 (1.86), 7.444 (2.66), 7.452 (2.55), 7.458 (1.66), 7.467 (1.00), 7.470 (0.92), 7.485 (0.80), 7.489 (0.83), 7.503 (0.42), 7.507 (0.44), 7.575 (1.16), 7.579 (1.39), 7.596 (1.25), 7.599 (1.08), 7.602 (1.69), 7.605 (1.28), 7.609 (1.36), 7.620 (2.52), 7.623 (2.02), 7.641 (2.11), 7.716 (0.58), 7.728 (1.28), 7.739 (1.22), 7.750 (1.36), 7.762 (0.55), 7.772 (0.50), 8.289 (1.03), 8.295 (1.00), 8.303 (1.08), 8.313 (1.05).

Example 30 (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,14-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,14-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 67, 163 mg, 264 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 2 mL of THF and 1 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (530 μL, 1.0 M, 530 μmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 48 hours and was poured into water. The precipitated material was isolated by filtration and purified by preparative HPLC (Method P4) to give the title compound (52 mg, 33% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.24 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=587 [M−H]⁻

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.044 (0.95), 1.235 (0.59), 1.754 (14.98), 1.839 (0.83), 1.907 (0.61), 1.979 (0.44), 1.999 (0.41), 2.071 (6.12), 2.167 (1.20), 2.183 (1.85), 2.200 (1.24), 2.318 (0.76), 2.323 (1.24), 2.327 (1.76), 2.332 (1.44), 2.336 (0.90), 2.370 (0.44), 2.518 (5.44), 2.523 (3.88), 2.539 (11.15), 2.660 (0.51), 2.665 (1.07), 2.669 (1.44), 2.673 (1.02), 2.678 (0.46), 3.190 (0.80), 3.209 (1.27), 3.223 (1.37), 3.242 (2.07), 3.262 (1.98), 3.305 (4.66), 3.492 (2.27), 3.523 (1.66), 3.683 (0.90), 3.795 (16.00), 3.812 (0.90), 3.840 (0.61), 4.174 (1.59), 4.189 (3.22), 4.205 (1.59), 4.297 (0.56), 4.314 (0.54), 4.328 (0.51), 5.758 (3.27), 6.853 (1.39), 6.859 (1.46), 6.868 (1.29), 6.874 (1.44), 7.173 (3.76), 7.195 (4.00), 7.361 (0.90), 7.367 (1.12), 7.383 (1.44), 7.390 (1.61), 7.405 (1.44), 7.411 (1.12), 7.425 (2.46), 7.435 (3.20), 7.441 (5.88), 7.456 (0.54), 7.642 (1.73), 7.649 (1.76), 7.668 (1.83), 7.675 (2.12), 7.679 (3.41), 7.700 (2.93), 8.161 (7.59), 8.262 (1.44), 8.276 (1.54), 8.285 (1.49), 8.300 (1.39).

The title compound (90 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (36 mg, see Example 31) and enantiomer 2 (34 mg, see Example 32).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, Column: Chiralpak ID 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%)/Ethanol 80:20; Flow 50.0 mL/min; UV 254 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; Column: Chiralpak ID 3μ 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 7 min; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 254 nm

Example 31 (+)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,14-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 30. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 30) gave the title compound (36 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 30): R_(t)=2.19 min.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.20 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=589 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): +16° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.797 (0.68), 0.814 (0.75), 0.821 (0.72), 0.840 (0.44), 0.904 (0.77), 0.922 (0.42), 0.993 (0.66), 1.035 (2.85), 1.052 (4.83), 1.070 (2.98), 1.136 (7.29), 1.154 (16.00), 1.172 (7.79), 1.203 (0.72), 1.229 (0.99), 1.750 (15.93), 1.861 (0.99), 1.888 (0.77), 1.905 (1.12), 2.052 (9.22), 2.142 (0.46), 2.159 (1.34), 2.176 (2.02), 2.193 (1.38), 2.210 (0.55), 2.301 (0.59), 2.322 (1.36), 2.326 (1.65), 2.331 (1.40), 2.518 (5.29), 2.522 (3.40), 2.539 (0.44), 2.664 (0.97), 2.669 (1.29), 2.673 (0.97), 2.854 (2.15), 2.872 (6.47), 2.890 (6.34), 2.908 (1.98), 3.128 (0.42), 3.147 (0.72), 3.162 (0.75), 3.181 (1.10), 3.200 (0.61), 3.255 (1.14), 3.281 (2.88), 3.312 (5.90), 3.334 (7.40), 3.411 (1.16), 3.428 (1.45), 3.445 (3.16), 3.463 (0.70), 3.476 (1.73), 3.732 (0.68), 3.752 (0.61), 3.880 (0.66), 4.159 (1.45), 4.175 (2.94), 4.191 (1.49), 4.396 (0.59), 4.413 (0.59), 4.429 (0.53), 5.759 (1.98), 6.834 (1.40), 6.839 (1.47), 6.850 (1.40), 6.855 (1.49), 7.093 (2.50), 7.115 (2.68), 7.356 (0.83), 7.363 (0.99), 7.379 (1.47), 7.385 (1.73), 7.401 (1.08), 7.409 (2.70), 7.427 (5.14), 7.443 (0.68), 7.573 (2.00), 7.594 (1.87), 7.634 (1.65), 7.640 (1.76), 7.660 (1.67), 7.666 (1.69), 8.260 (1.43), 8.275 (1.49), 8.283 (1.65), 8.297 (1.38).

Example 32 (−)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,14-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 30. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 30) gave the title compound (34 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 30): R_(t)=3.27 min.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.17 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=589 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −14.2° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.797 (0.74), 0.814 (0.86), 0.821 (0.82), 0.840 (0.55), 0.885 (0.41), 0.904 (0.84), 0.922 (0.46), 0.973 (0.55), 0.991 (0.65), 1.006 (0.79), 1.035 (4.08), 1.052 (7.10), 1.070 (4.22), 1.083 (0.94), 1.134 (5.57), 1.152 (12.45), 1.170 (6.00), 1.190 (0.67), 1.203 (0.72), 1.230 (0.86), 1.259 (0.46), 1.750 (16.00), 1.860 (1.08), 1.888 (0.70), 1.905 (1.20), 2.051 (9.00), 2.140 (0.43), 2.157 (1.27), 2.175 (1.97), 2.192 (1.37), 2.209 (0.55), 2.300 (0.58), 2.322 (1.39), 2.326 (1.75), 2.331 (1.51), 2.518 (6.57), 2.522 (3.93), 2.664 (1.06), 2.669 (1.42), 2.673 (1.06), 2.850 (1.58), 2.867 (4.85), 2.886 (4.75), 2.903 (1.44), 3.144 (0.67), 3.158 (0.70), 3.176 (1.01), 3.195 (0.55), 3.252 (0.98), 3.270 (1.97), 3.279 (2.61), 3.310 (5.35), 3.333 (7.87), 3.410 (1.22), 3.428 (1.78), 3.444 (2.93), 3.463 (0.79), 3.474 (1.68), 3.728 (0.65), 3.745 (0.55), 3.879 (0.77), 4.158 (1.39), 4.174 (2.81), 4.189 (1.44), 4.395 (0.58), 4.412 (0.58), 4.429 (0.50), 5.759 (2.06), 6.833 (1.37), 6.839 (1.44), 6.849 (1.37), 6.855 (1.46), 7.090 (2.30), 7.112 (2.45), 7.356 (0.89), 7.362 (1.01), 7.378 (1.44), 7.385 (1.73), 7.400 (1.08), 7.408 (2.71), 7.426 (5.04), 7.443 (0.62), 7.569 (1.80), 7.590 (1.70), 7.633 (1.66), 7.640 (1.75), 7.659 (1.68), 7.666 (1.66), 8.260 (1.42), 8.275 (1.49), 8.283 (1.51), 8.298 (1.34).

Example 33 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-methyl-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(Rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-methyl-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 70, 1.50 g, 2.43 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 20 mL of THF and 10 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (10 mL, 1.0 M, 10 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 45° C. for 23 hours, at 60° C. for 6 hours and at 50° C. for 16 hours and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography twice using silica gel (first time gradient dichloromethane/ethanol, second time ethyl acetate/acetone) to give the title compound (1.44 g, 95% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.95 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=590 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.838 (3.99), 0.857 (9.33), 0.876 (4.18), 1.029 (0.95), 1.154 (4.45), 1.172 (8.81), 1.189 (4.29), 1.231 (1.88), 1.249 (1.43), 1.987 (16.00), 2.059 (0.63), 2.068 (0.55), 2.078 (1.54), 2.087 (1.56), 2.097 (1.56), 2.106 (1.47), 2.116 (0.52), 2.124 (0.55), 2.184 (0.80), 2.202 (1.18), 2.219 (0.86), 2.518 (4.54), 2.522 (2.79), 2.825 (0.59), 2.836 (0.43), 2.854 (0.64), 3.257 (0.54), 3.275 (0.89), 3.295 (0.72), 3.307 (1.27), 3.442 (0.68), 3.457 (0.57), 3.471 (0.63), 3.877 (13.25), 3.922 (0.45), 3.941 (0.54), 3.958 (0.52), 3.999 (1.09), 4.017 (3.34), 4.035 (3.36), 4.053 (1.14), 4.165 (1.66), 4.174 (1.23), 4.189 (2.45), 4.199 (2.29), 4.445 (0.64), 4.480 (0.57), 4.629 (1.73), 4.662 (1.59), 6.847 (1.02), 6.855 (1.05), 6.861 (0.93), 6.868 (1.13), 7.205 (3.00), 7.226 (3.02), 7.343 (0.68), 7.350 (0.77), 7.365 (1.05), 7.372 (1.16), 7.388 (0.70), 7.394 (0.80), 7.424 (2.00), 7.431 (2.25), 7.438 (4.86), 7.639 (1.25), 7.645 (1.34), 7.665 (1.27), 7.671 (1.31), 7.759 (2.36), 7.780 (2.15), 8.213 (1.11), 8.227 (1.16), 8.236 (1.13), 8.251 (1.07).

The title compound (1.44 g) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (656 mg, see Example 34) and enantiomer 2 (635 mg, see Example 35).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Sepiatec: Prep SFC100; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 250×30 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 17% B; Flow 100.0 mL/min Temperature: 40° C.; BPR: 150 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent: 1260, Aurora SFC-Modul; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 25% B; Flow 4.0 mL/min; Temperature: 37.5° C.; BPR: 100 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Example 34 (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-methyl-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 33. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 33) gave the title compound (656 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 33): R_(t)=1.14 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.94 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=590 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): +40.4° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.838 (4.96), 0.857 (11.78), 0.876 (5.15), 1.035 (1.11), 1.053 (0.64), 1.231 (1.56), 2.060 (0.76), 2.069 (0.66), 2.078 (1.91), 2.088 (1.92), 2.097 (1.89), 2.107 (1.81), 2.116 (0.62), 2.125 (0.66), 2.185 (0.95), 2.202 (1.42), 2.219 (1.01), 2.518 (4.06), 2.523 (2.96), 2.826 (0.70), 2.836 (0.49), 2.843 (0.47), 2.855 (0.74), 3.242 (0.41), 3.257 (0.62), 3.276 (1.07), 3.295 (0.84), 3.308 (1.50), 3.442 (0.82), 3.456 (0.68), 3.471 (0.78), 3.877 (16.00), 3.924 (0.56), 3.941 (0.64), 3.958 (0.62), 4.166 (2.06), 4.175 (1.50), 4.190 (2.99), 4.199 (2.76), 4.445 (0.78), 4.458 (0.45), 4.467 (0.41), 4.480 (0.72), 4.629 (2.12), 4.663 (1.94), 6.847 (1.28), 6.855 (1.28), 6.862 (1.13), 6.869 (1.36), 7.206 (3.77), 7.226 (3.83), 7.343 (0.86), 7.349 (0.95), 7.365 (1.30), 7.372 (1.42), 7.387 (0.87), 7.394 (0.99), 7.403 (0.41), 7.425 (2.45), 7.431 (2.74), 7.438 (6.07), 7.639 (1.54), 7.646 (1.59), 7.665 (1.56), 7.672 (1.54), 7.759 (3.15), 7.780 (2.84), 8.213 (1.36), 8.227 (1.44), 8.236 (1.40), 8.251 (1.30).

Example 35 (−)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1-methyl-1,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 33. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 33) gave the title compound (635 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 33): R_(t)=2.15 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.93 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=590 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −50.6° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.838 (6.75), 0.857 (16.00), 0.875 (6.93), 0.883 (0.49), 0.901 (0.65), 1.009 (0.83), 1.035 (1.69), 1.043 (1.44), 1.053 (1.26), 1.070 (0.47), 1.171 (0.51), 1.229 (2.12), 1.244 (1.66), 1.987 (0.81), 2.060 (1.06), 2.065 (1.11), 2.068 (0.95), 2.078 (2.54), 2.087 (2.62), 2.097 (2.58), 2.106 (2.44), 2.116 (0.83), 2.125 (0.90), 2.143 (0.40), 2.167 (0.46), 2.185 (1.28), 2.202 (1.90), 2.219 (1.34), 2.235 (0.47), 2.518 (2.59), 2.523 (1.76), 2.809 (0.40), 2.827 (0.96), 2.838 (0.66), 2.845 (0.61), 2.855 (1.01), 2.874 (0.40), 3.245 (0.53), 3.259 (0.82), 3.278 (1.45), 3.290 (0.97), 3.298 (1.04), 3.309 (1.78), 3.332 (13.05), 3.427 (0.49), 3.442 (1.13), 3.456 (0.91), 3.471 (1.02), 3.486 (0.40), 3.911 (0.43), 3.927 (0.71), 3.945 (0.90), 3.962 (0.81), 3.981 (0.44), 4.166 (2.83), 4.175 (2.01), 4.190 (3.98), 4.200 (3.76), 4.430 (0.46), 4.442 (1.09), 4.455 (0.62), 4.464 (0.57), 4.477 (1.00), 4.489 (0.42), 4.629 (2.88), 4.663 (2.63), 6.846 (1.75), 6.853 (1.76), 6.861 (1.51), 6.868 (1.86), 7.207 (5.97), 7.229 (6.02), 7.342 (1.18), 7.349 (1.33), 7.364 (1.76), 7.372 (1.94), 7.387 (1.19), 7.393 (1.34), 7.403 (0.56), 7.424 (3.30), 7.431 (3.60), 7.438 (8.12), 7.452 (0.53), 7.638 (2.07), 7.645 (2.14), 7.664 (2.09), 7.671 (2.09), 7.762 (5.03), 7.784 (4.50), 8.212 (1.82), 8.227 (1.88), 8.236 (1.88), 8.250 (1.81).

Example 36 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(Rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 72, 745 mg, 1.21 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 20 mL of THF and 10 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (10 mL, 1.0 M, 10 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 45° C. for one day and at 60° C. for one day, was neutralized with an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (2 M) and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography twice using silica gel (first time gradient dichloromethane/ethanol, second time ethyl acetate/acetone) to give the title compound (572 mg, 75% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.95 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=590 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.785 (2.94), 0.804 (6.78), 0.823 (3.08), 1.154 (3.02), 1.172 (6.36), 1.189 (3.63), 1.208 (0.88), 1.220 (0.78), 1.231 (0.76), 1.248 (0.44), 1.328 (0.43), 1.987 (10.21), 2.112 (0.69), 2.130 (1.19), 2.139 (0.46), 2.149 (1.11), 2.158 (1.15), 2.168 (0.73), 2.178 (1.52), 2.195 (1.53), 2.214 (1.15), 2.234 (0.43), 2.331 (0.50), 2.518 (2.83), 2.522 (1.68), 2.673 (0.47), 3.124 (0.68), 3.138 (0.65), 3.150 (0.45), 3.258 (1.10), 3.278 (1.87), 3.297 (1.42), 3.565 (4.34), 3.847 (16.00), 3.999 (0.75), 4.016 (2.20), 4.035 (2.11), 4.053 (0.72), 4.168 (1.05), 4.184 (2.30), 4.189 (2.80), 4.221 (2.42), 4.246 (0.53), 4.263 (0.44), 4.268 (0.43), 4.420 (2.17), 4.451 (1.76), 6.845 (1.17), 6.851 (1.21), 6.861 (1.12), 6.867 (1.28), 7.189 (3.65), 7.210 (3.71), 7.357 (0.77), 7.363 (0.89), 7.379 (1.22), 7.386 (1.34), 7.402 (1.12), 7.408 (0.97), 7.424 (2.08), 7.434 (2.46), 7.440 (5.35), 7.454 (0.46), 7.640 (1.40), 7.646 (1.50), 7.666 (1.43), 7.672 (1.47), 7.717 (3.11), 7.739 (2.80), 8.225 (1.26), 8.239 (1.29), 8.248 (1.28), 8.263 (1.20).

The title compound (570 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (270 mg, see Example 37) and enantiomer 2 (255 mg, see Example 38).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, Column: Amylose SA 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Isokratic: 75% A+25% B; Flow 50.0 mL/min; UV 254 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; Column: Amylose SA 3μ 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Isokratic: 75% A+25% B; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 254 nm

Example 37 (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 36. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 36) gave the title compound (270 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 36): R_(t)=2.91 min.

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): +9.4° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

Water was added to the obtained material. The mixture was dried by lyophilization and further purified by flash chromatography twice using silica gel (first time: gradient dichloromethane/acetone, second time: dichloromethane/ethanol). The obtained material was triturated with a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane and stirred for 15 minutes at rt. The solid material was isolated by decantation, was washed with hexane and dried. Water was added to the obtained material and the mixture was dried by lyophilization to give 121 mg of the title compound.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.92 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=590 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.791 (2.32), 0.810 (5.39), 0.829 (2.45), 1.132 (7.02), 1.150 (16.00), 1.168 (7.39), 1.230 (0.45), 1.307 (0.47), 2.129 (0.52), 2.147 (1.31), 2.151 (1.26), 2.171 (1.61), 2.193 (1.65), 2.210 (1.02), 2.332 (0.68), 2.518 (3.57), 2.523 (2.45), 2.836 (1.81), 2.854 (5.80), 2.872 (5.46), 2.890 (1.71), 3.112 (0.61), 3.125 (0.55), 3.137 (0.44), 3.150 (0.40), 3.184 (0.58), 3.202 (1.26), 3.218 (1.29), 3.235 (0.68), 3.250 (0.50), 3.700 (0.50), 3.840 (11.53), 4.141 (0.58), 4.157 (1.39), 4.171 (1.42), 4.182 (1.99), 4.195 (0.44), 4.213 (2.02), 4.383 (2.07), 4.414 (1.79), 6.819 (0.97), 6.824 (1.02), 6.836 (0.98), 6.840 (1.03), 7.072 (2.02), 7.093 (2.08), 7.353 (0.58), 7.360 (0.66), 7.376 (1.02), 7.382 (1.49), 7.398 (0.89), 7.404 (2.05), 7.419 (3.23), 7.438 (0.45), 7.558 (1.45), 7.578 (1.32), 7.630 (1.11), 7.636 (1.15), 7.656 (1.11), 7.662 (1.10), 8.240 (0.95), 8.255 (1.02), 8.263 (0.98), 8.278 (0.92).

Example 38 (−)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 36. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 36) gave the title compound (255 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 36): R_(t)=5.92 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.93 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=590 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −8.6° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.791 (2.75), 0.797 (0.71), 0.810 (6.69), 0.821 (0.73), 0.828 (2.81), 1.124 (7.32), 1.142 (16.00), 1.160 (7.45), 1.300 (0.47), 1.317 (0.42), 2.130 (0.60), 2.148 (1.55), 2.171 (2.02), 2.190 (1.84), 2.208 (1.08), 2.327 (1.47), 2.331 (1.08), 2.336 (0.47), 2.518 (5.64), 2.523 (3.83), 2.669 (1.52), 2.673 (1.10), 2.678 (0.50), 2.826 (1.78), 2.844 (5.32), 2.862 (5.35), 2.881 (1.60), 3.111 (0.66), 3.124 (0.58), 3.136 (0.47), 3.178 (0.60), 3.195 (1.31), 3.211 (1.31), 3.228 (0.66), 3.243 (0.47), 3.693 (0.47), 3.840 (14.92), 4.132 (0.42), 4.140 (0.63), 4.156 (1.52), 4.171 (1.57), 4.182 (2.15), 4.195 (0.47), 4.213 (2.23), 4.381 (2.12), 4.412 (1.81), 6.820 (1.13), 6.825 (1.15), 6.837 (1.10), 6.841 (1.18), 7.068 (1.70), 7.089 (1.78), 7.354 (0.76), 7.361 (0.84), 7.376 (1.18), 7.383 (1.76), 7.399 (1.02), 7.405 (2.44), 7.421 (3.54), 7.439 (0.47), 7.551 (1.18), 7.573 (1.08), 7.630 (1.34), 7.636 (1.34), 7.656 (1.34), 7.663 (1.29), 8.241 (1.15), 8.256 (1.21), 8.264 (1.15), 8.279 (1.13).

Example 39 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

Ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 76, 395 mg) was dissolved in 10 mL THF and 9.1 mL ethanol and treated with the lithium hydroxid-solution in water (14 mL, 1.0 M, 14 mmol). It was stirred at 60° C. under nitrogen atmosphere for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of acetic acid. Then the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane/isopropanole (7:3) twice. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine once, filtered through a silicone coated filter and dried under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by HPLC to provide the 97% pure target compound: 184 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.93 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=604 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.68-0.80 (m, 1H), 0.85 (t, 3H), 0.90-1.02 (m, 1H), 1.05-1.16 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.87-2.24 (m, 8H), 2.37-2.47 (m, 1H), 3.08-3.30 (m, 3H), 3.68 (br d, 1H), 3.84-3.98 (m, 4H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 4.46-4.65 (m, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H), 7.21 (d, 1H), 7.31-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.66 (dd, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H), 8.27 (dd, 1H), 13.30 (br s, 1H).

The title compound (184 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to provide enantiomer 1 (56 mg, see Example 40) and enantiomer 2 (57 mg, see Example 41).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Sepiatec: Prep SFC100; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 250×30 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 21% B; Flow 100.0 mL/min Temperature: 40° C.; BPR: 150 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent: 1260, Aurora SFC-Modul; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 21% B; Flow 4.0 mL/min; Temperature: 37.5° C.; BPR: 100 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Example 40 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 39. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 39) provided the target compound (56 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 39): R_(t)=1.72 min.

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): 46.5° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=0.71-0.80 (m, 1H), 0.86 (t, 3H), 0.92-1.01 (m, 1H), 1.03-1.13 (m, 1H), 1.31 (br dd, 1H), 1.88-1.98 (m, 1H), 2.01-2.27 (m, 8H), 2.37-2.47 (m, 1H), 3.15 (d, 1H), 3.20-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.67 (d, 1H), 3.81-3.95 (m, 4H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 4.51-4.65 (m, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 7.31-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 8.27 (dd, 1H).

Example 41 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-1,14-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 39. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 39) provided the target compound (57 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 39): R_(t)=3.53 min.

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −40.6° (c=10 mg/mL, chloroform)

¹H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=0.68-0.78 (m, 1H), 0.86 (t, 3H), 0.92-1.01 (m, 1H), 1.04-1.14 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.94 (br t, 1H), 2.00-2.26 (m, 8H), 2.37-2.47 (m, 1H), 3.15 (d, 1H), 3.19-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.38 (m, 1H), 3.66 (d, 1H), 3.84-3.94 (m, 4H), 4.20 (t, 2H), 4.51-4.64 (m, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 7.27-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.73 (d, 1H), 8.27 (dd, 1H).

Example 42 (rac)-(11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]-propyl}-10,13,14,15-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(Rac)-ethyl-(11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,13,14,15-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 78, 90.0 mg, 127 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 6 mL of THF and 3 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (2.2 mL, 1.0 M, 2.2 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 45° C. for three days and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the title compound (62 mg, 70% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.00 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=682 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.756 (6.85), 0.775 (16.00), 0.794 (7.31), 1.035 (3.72), 1.052 (9.15), 1.070 (3.99), 1.968 (1.35), 1.984 (3.29), 1.987 (3.35), 2.003 (3.16), 2.006 (2.98), 2.022 (1.04), 2.220 (1.35), 2.235 (1.78), 2.255 (1.38), 2.272 (0.55), 2.327 (1.87), 2.331 (1.50), 2.336 (0.89), 2.357 (15.08), 2.371 (2.03), 2.388 (1.75), 2.400 (2.43), 2.411 (1.35), 2.518 (7.28), 2.523 (4.98), 2.669 (1.87), 2.673 (1.50), 2.678 (0.98), 2.690 (0.61), 2.696 (0.61), 2.708 (1.23), 2.721 (0.98), 2.727 (1.11), 2.739 (0.71), 2.772 (0.71), 2.790 (1.66), 2.808 (1.50), 2.821 (1.20), 2.840 (1.47), 2.957 (1.01), 2.988 (1.20), 3.025 (0.71), 3.141 (2.24), 3.174 (2.33), 3.300 (2.86), 3.406 (0.40), 3.423 (0.71), 3.433 (0.71), 3.441 (0.68), 3.451 (0.64), 3.556 (4.98), 3.568 (8.91), 3.579 (4.85), 3.677 (2.15), 3.710 (1.97), 4.193 (2.00), 4.208 (4.02), 4.223 (1.90), 4.242 (0.61), 4.255 (0.71), 4.260 (0.74), 4.274 (1.11), 4.288 (0.83), 4.294 (0.89), 4.307 (0.61), 4.357 (0.43), 4.493 (0.71), 4.518 (1.20), 4.533 (2.24), 4.550 (1.20), 4.559 (1.32), 4.566 (1.29), 4.584 (0.52), 4.733 (0.80), 4.762 (1.38), 4.792 (0.71), 4.993 (1.17), 5.031 (1.04), 5.258 (0.49), 5.277 (0.89), 5.306 (0.46), 6.881 (2.61), 6.899 (2.79), 7.223 (5.50), 7.245 (5.44), 7.364 (2.09), 7.384 (3.75), 7.403 (3.13), 7.442 (3.90), 7.463 (2.24), 7.471 (1.20), 7.484 (2.18), 7.487 (2.18), 7.491 (1.17), 7.504 (2.61), 7.507 (3.50), 7.511 (2.64), 7.524 (1.20), 7.527 (2.21), 7.531 (2.33), 7.544 (1.17), 7.548 (0.92), 7.751 (4.27), 7.772 (3.96), 7.850 (2.40), 7.870 (2.46), 7.873 (2.06), 8.161 (2.15), 8.165 (2.21), 8.182 (1.84), 8.184 (2.09).

The title compound (56 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (22 mg, see Example 43) and enantiomer 2 (21 mg, see Example 44).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Sepiatec: Prep SFC100; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 250×30 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 30% B; Flow 100.0 mL/min Temperature: 40° C.; BPR: 150 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent: 1260, Aurora SFC-Modul; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 30% B; Flow 4.0 mL/min; Temperature: 37.5° C.; BPR: 100 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Example 43 (11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,13,14,15-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid-Ammonia Salt (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 42. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 42) gave the title compound (22 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 42): R_(t)=2.10 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.99 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=682 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.755 (6.72), 0.774 (15.16), 0.793 (7.09), 0.814 (0.75), 0.821 (0.75), 0.840 (0.51), 0.854 (0.56), 0.864 (0.75), 0.881 (0.56), 0.904 (0.65), 1.035 (0.47), 1.052 (0.93), 1.070 (0.56), 1.142 (0.42), 1.157 (0.42), 1.231 (1.26), 1.964 (1.31), 1.982 (3.22), 1.986 (3.17), 2.001 (3.03), 2.005 (2.89), 2.019 (1.07), 2.214 (1.63), 2.230 (2.24), 2.249 (1.63), 2.327 (2.99), 2.331 (2.38), 2.336 (1.49), 2.354 (16.00), 2.369 (2.33), 2.386 (2.10), 2.399 (2.94), 2.409 (1.73), 2.518 (13.67), 2.522 (8.82), 2.539 (2.05), 2.669 (2.94), 2.673 (2.43), 2.692 (0.79), 2.705 (1.45), 2.723 (1.21), 2.737 (0.84), 2.769 (0.84), 2.787 (1.87), 2.805 (1.77), 2.818 (1.45), 2.838 (1.73), 2.958 (1.17), 2.989 (1.40), 3.025 (0.84), 3.146 (2.47), 3.179 (2.66), 3.283 (3.17), 3.302 (5.92), 3.428 (0.65), 3.445 (0.56), 3.555 (5.64), 3.566 (9.89), 3.578 (5.41), 3.667 (2.33), 3.700 (2.10), 4.187 (2.29), 4.203 (4.48), 4.218 (2.15), 4.241 (0.70), 4.259 (0.84), 4.273 (1.26), 4.293 (1.03), 4.305 (0.70), 4.456 (0.70), 4.483 (0.93), 4.495 (0.93), 4.521 (1.21), 4.532 (1.63), 4.548 (1.12), 4.566 (1.21), 4.584 (0.56), 4.752 (0.84), 4.782 (1.49), 4.807 (0.79), 5.050 (1.03), 5.088 (0.93), 5.244 (0.61), 5.263 (1.03), 5.292 (0.56), 6.875 (2.85), 6.894 (3.03), 7.190 (3.13), 7.212 (3.27), 7.359 (1.91), 7.379 (3.83), 7.399 (3.08), 7.438 (4.15), 7.459 (2.38), 7.466 (1.07), 7.469 (1.12), 7.483 (2.29), 7.486 (2.24), 7.504 (3.73), 7.508 (3.59), 7.524 (2.29), 7.528 (2.43), 7.541 (1.12), 7.545 (0.93), 7.707 (2.38), 7.728 (2.15), 7.849 (2.66), 7.867 (2.61), 7.870 (2.19), 8.168 (2.80), 8.187 (2.24).

Example 44 (11Z)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,13,14,15-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid-Ammonia Salt (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 42. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 42) gave the title compound (21 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 42): R_(t)=3.69 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.99 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=682 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.731 (0.54), 0.756 (6.88), 0.775 (16.00), 0.794 (7.17), 0.797 (2.49), 0.803 (1.07), 0.814 (1.95), 0.821 (2.05), 0.840 (1.27), 0.852 (0.93), 0.858 (1.12), 0.870 (1.07), 0.877 (0.68), 0.882 (1.12), 0.886 (1.85), 0.904 (2.15), 0.923 (0.98), 1.055 (0.68), 1.143 (0.73), 1.152 (0.83), 1.159 (0.78), 1.167 (0.93), 1.232 (1.46), 1.255 (0.49), 1.966 (1.27), 1.983 (3.12), 1.986 (3.12), 2.002 (3.07), 2.006 (2.88), 2.021 (1.02), 2.216 (1.37), 2.231 (1.95), 2.253 (1.37), 2.327 (3.02), 2.331 (2.39), 2.336 (1.37), 2.356 (15.17), 2.370 (2.20), 2.388 (1.95), 2.399 (2.63), 2.407 (1.51), 2.412 (1.61), 2.518 (11.71), 2.523 (8.24), 2.539 (3.22), 2.669 (3.02), 2.673 (2.44), 2.678 (1.22), 2.687 (0.73), 2.693 (0.73), 2.706 (1.37), 2.719 (1.07), 2.725 (1.12), 2.737 (0.83), 2.770 (0.83), 2.788 (1.76), 2.806 (1.61), 2.819 (1.37), 2.838 (1.46), 2.958 (1.07), 2.989 (1.27), 3.025 (0.78), 3.143 (2.29), 3.177 (2.39), 3.292 (2.73), 3.556 (5.12), 3.567 (9.02), 3.578 (4.88), 3.673 (2.20), 3.706 (1.95), 4.191 (2.00), 4.206 (4.00), 4.221 (1.90), 4.241 (0.63), 4.254 (0.73), 4.260 (0.78), 4.274 (1.12), 4.293 (0.93), 4.306 (0.63), 4.477 (0.68), 4.503 (0.93), 4.514 (1.46), 4.532 (1.56), 4.542 (1.27), 4.566 (1.17), 4.584 (0.54), 4.742 (0.78), 4.770 (1.37), 4.798 (0.68), 5.019 (1.02), 5.056 (0.93), 5.251 (0.54), 5.272 (0.93), 5.299 (0.49), 6.879 (2.59), 6.896 (2.78), 7.208 (4.05), 7.230 (4.20), 7.362 (2.10), 7.382 (3.71), 7.402 (3.07), 7.441 (3.90), 7.462 (2.20), 7.466 (1.12), 7.470 (1.17), 7.484 (2.15), 7.487 (2.15), 7.490 (1.12), 7.504 (2.68), 7.506 (3.12), 7.511 (2.73), 7.526 (2.20), 7.530 (2.34), 7.543 (1.17), 7.547 (0.93), 7.731 (3.02), 7.752 (2.68), 7.849 (2.44), 7.868 (2.49), 7.872 (2.00), 8.163 (2.15), 8.166 (2.20), 8.185 (2.05).

Example 45 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(Rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]-propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino-[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 79, 134 mg, 188 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 3.1 mL of THF and 1.6 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (1.6 mL, 1.0 M, 1.6 mmol) was added. The material was stirred at 40° C. for 4 hours and at 70° C. for 20 hours, was neutralized with a solution of hydrogen chloride (1 M) and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the title compound (109 mg, 83% yield).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.96 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=684 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.717 (0.59), 0.745 (0.67), 0.830 (6.90), 0.849 (16.00), 0.868 (7.22), 0.953 (0.47), 0.979 (0.59), 1.006 (0.44), 1.035 (2.40), 1.052 (5.70), 1.070 (2.63), 1.097 (0.70), 1.127 (0.44), 1.231 (0.44), 1.321 (0.56), 1.986 (0.61), 2.016 (0.91), 2.045 (0.61), 2.057 (0.79), 2.076 (1.17), 2.093 (2.63), 2.112 (3.19), 2.130 (2.75), 2.152 (13.40), 2.166 (1.58), 2.180 (1.55), 2.198 (2.11), 2.215 (1.46), 2.232 (0.56), 2.327 (1.73), 2.331 (1.29), 2.336 (0.64), 2.364 (1.40), 2.380 (1.55), 2.393 (2.52), 2.404 (1.43), 2.415 (0.91), 2.438 (0.82), 2.518 (6.76), 2.523 (4.21), 2.669 (1.73), 2.673 (1.26), 2.678 (0.59), 2.706 (0.53), 2.711 (0.53), 2.724 (1.20), 2.737 (0.97), 2.742 (1.02), 2.755 (0.73), 2.768 (0.76), 2.787 (1.64), 2.805 (0.91), 2.818 (0.85), 3.124 (1.84), 3.157 (1.90), 3.212 (0.44), 3.231 (0.79), 3.245 (0.91), 3.264 (1.49), 3.284 (1.08), 3.381 (0.85), 3.423 (0.47), 3.433 (0.47), 3.441 (0.44), 3.450 (0.41), 3.547 (4.71), 3.559 (8.19), 3.570 (4.68), 3.719 (1.90), 3.752 (1.76), 3.912 (0.53), 3.941 (0.94), 3.969 (0.59), 4.184 (2.34), 4.200 (4.48), 4.215 (2.72), 4.230 (0.94), 4.235 (0.97), 4.248 (0.61), 4.378 (0.67), 4.396 (1.37), 4.414 (0.94), 4.430 (1.02), 4.448 (0.44), 4.547 (0.91), 4.582 (0.82), 6.880 (2.49), 6.898 (2.72), 7.187 (5.47), 7.208 (5.41), 7.364 (2.02), 7.384 (3.66), 7.403 (3.01), 7.447 (3.71), 7.467 (2.11), 7.488 (0.56), 7.492 (0.85), 7.505 (2.25), 7.509 (2.08), 7.514 (2.66), 7.521 (5.06), 7.530 (2.66), 7.533 (2.34), 7.538 (2.49), 7.550 (0.97), 7.555 (0.56), 7.740 (4.15), 7.761 (3.77), 7.854 (2.14), 7.858 (1.73), 7.863 (1.17), 7.872 (1.90), 7.878 (1.84), 8.224 (1.90), 8.230 (1.76), 8.241 (0.94), 8.246 (1.61), 8.248 (1.78).

The title compound (102 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (49 mg, see Example 46) and enantiomer 2 (53 mg, see Example 47).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Sepiatec: Prep SFC100; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 250×30 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 28% B; Flow 100.0 mL/min Temperature: 40° C.; BPR: 150 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent: 1260, Aurora SFC-Modul; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: CO₂, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 28% B; Flow 4.0 mL/min; Temperature: 37.5° C.; BPR: 100 bar; MWD @ 220 nm

Example 46 4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 45. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 45) gave the title compound (49 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 45): R_(t)=1.95 min.

Water was added to the obtained material and the mixture was dried by lyophilisation. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give 27 mg (26% yield) of the title compound.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.96 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=684 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.715 (0.63), 0.745 (0.73), 0.798 (0.59), 0.815 (0.68), 0.822 (0.78), 0.833 (6.88), 0.852 (16.00), 0.870 (7.12), 0.886 (0.44), 0.905 (0.73), 0.922 (0.49), 0.966 (0.59), 1.043 (0.44), 1.066 (0.78), 1.086 (0.54), 1.105 (0.49), 1.232 (0.78), 1.352 (0.63), 1.984 (0.63), 2.012 (0.93), 2.040 (0.73), 2.059 (0.68), 2.078 (1.12), 2.095 (2.63), 2.114 (3.46), 2.132 (2.83), 2.151 (14.00), 2.167 (1.41), 2.177 (1.56), 2.195 (2.10), 2.212 (1.51), 2.230 (0.59), 2.332 (2.10), 2.336 (0.98), 2.363 (1.37), 2.378 (1.51), 2.392 (2.49), 2.413 (0.83), 2.438 (0.63), 2.518 (13.56), 2.523 (8.63), 2.673 (2.05), 2.678 (0.93), 2.709 (0.49), 2.722 (1.22), 2.735 (0.98), 2.740 (1.02), 2.753 (0.73), 2.767 (0.73), 2.786 (1.66), 2.804 (0.93), 2.817 (0.83), 3.119 (1.90), 3.152 (1.95), 3.205 (0.68), 3.220 (0.78), 3.239 (1.17), 3.258 (0.73), 3.547 (4.73), 3.558 (8.29), 3.570 (4.83), 3.713 (2.00), 3.746 (1.90), 3.760 (0.49), 3.874 (0.44), 3.906 (0.78), 3.936 (0.49), 4.180 (2.34), 4.195 (4.49), 4.211 (2.68), 4.232 (0.98), 4.245 (0.63), 4.378 (0.63), 4.396 (1.37), 4.414 (0.98), 4.430 (1.02), 4.449 (0.44), 4.573 (0.73), 4.608 (0.68), 6.876 (2.49), 6.894 (2.63), 7.161 (2.83), 7.183 (2.98), 7.360 (1.90), 7.380 (3.46), 7.400 (2.73), 7.444 (3.66), 7.464 (2.15), 7.486 (0.54), 7.490 (0.83), 7.503 (2.24), 7.508 (2.10), 7.511 (2.73), 7.520 (5.07), 7.527 (2.73), 7.531 (2.39), 7.535 (2.54), 7.548 (0.88), 7.553 (0.54), 7.704 (1.90), 7.725 (1.76), 7.853 (2.10), 7.861 (1.17), 7.870 (1.85), 7.876 (1.85), 8.223 (1.85), 8.229 (1.76), 8.240 (0.93), 8.248 (1.80).

Example 47 4-chloro-3-ethyl-14-methyl-1-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 45. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 45) gave the title compound (53 mg). The received product was digested with water and lyophilized.

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 45): R_(t)=4.04 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.96 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=684 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.717 (0.74), 0.745 (0.79), 0.775 (0.42), 0.798 (0.95), 0.803 (0.53), 0.815 (1.11), 0.822 (1.27), 0.831 (7.10), 0.850 (16.00), 0.869 (7.31), 0.886 (0.69), 0.893 (0.58), 0.905 (1.17), 0.923 (0.64), 0.974 (0.69), 1.066 (0.74), 1.092 (0.85), 1.124 (0.58), 1.232 (1.22), 1.322 (0.69), 1.352 (0.53), 1.986 (0.69), 2.016 (1.01), 2.044 (0.69), 2.058 (0.79), 2.076 (1.27), 2.094 (2.70), 2.113 (3.44), 2.130 (2.91), 2.152 (14.36), 2.166 (1.64), 2.179 (1.64), 2.197 (2.28), 2.214 (1.59), 2.231 (0.74), 2.318 (1.06), 2.363 (1.48), 2.380 (1.70), 2.393 (2.75), 2.413 (1.01), 2.438 (0.79), 2.518 (13.09), 2.523 (9.01), 2.539 (0.74), 2.678 (1.01), 2.692 (0.42), 2.711 (0.53), 2.724 (1.27), 2.741 (1.11), 2.755 (0.79), 2.769 (0.85), 2.786 (1.75), 2.805 (1.01), 2.818 (0.90), 3.123 (1.96), 3.156 (2.07), 3.208 (0.42), 3.226 (0.74), 3.240 (0.85), 3.259 (1.38), 3.280 (0.95), 3.547 (5.03), 3.559 (8.85), 3.570 (5.09), 3.718 (2.12), 3.750 (1.96), 3.905 (0.53), 3.934 (0.95), 3.963 (0.58), 4.183 (2.44), 4.199 (4.72), 4.214 (2.97), 4.235 (1.06), 4.247 (0.69), 4.378 (0.69), 4.396 (1.43), 4.414 (1.01), 4.430 (1.11), 4.448 (0.48), 4.551 (0.95), 4.587 (0.90), 6.880 (2.60), 6.898 (2.81), 7.183 (4.61), 7.204 (4.66), 7.364 (1.91), 7.384 (3.60), 7.404 (2.81), 7.446 (3.87), 7.467 (2.23), 7.488 (0.48), 7.492 (0.79), 7.505 (2.17), 7.509 (2.12), 7.513 (2.60), 7.521 (5.03), 7.529 (2.70), 7.533 (2.49), 7.537 (2.60), 7.550 (0.95), 7.554 (0.64), 7.734 (3.44), 7.755 (3.18), 7.855 (2.23), 7.863 (1.22), 7.872 (2.01), 7.878 (2.01), 8.224 (1.91), 8.230 (1.85), 8.240 (1.01), 8.248 (1.85).

Example 48 (rac)-4-chloro-3-methyl-2-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(Rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-methyl-2-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]-propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]-indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 85, 172 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of 3.7 mL of THF and 1.9 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (1.9 mL, 1.0 M, 1.9 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for one day and at 60° C. for one day and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by preperative HPLC (Method P1) to give the title compound (101 mg) as a racemic mixture.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.23 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=684 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.997 (0.50), 1.144 (0.64), 1.203 (0.50), 1.214 (0.55), 1.230 (0.69), 1.284 (0.47), 1.302 (0.53), 1.798 (16.00), 1.940 (0.69), 1.957 (1.02), 1.983 (0.97), 2.000 (0.77), 2.017 (0.47), 2.131 (1.08), 2.145 (1.66), 2.158 (1.85), 2.187 (12.63), 2.216 (1.49), 2.233 (0.69), 2.318 (1.27), 2.322 (1.96), 2.327 (2.46), 2.332 (2.10), 2.336 (1.55), 2.375 (1.38), 2.518 (7.21), 2.523 (4.53), 2.539 (1.74), 2.660 (0.58), 2.664 (1.19), 2.669 (1.66), 2.673 (1.24), 2.678 (0.61), 3.078 (0.55), 3.089 (0.64), 3.103 (0.99), 3.115 (0.99), 3.129 (0.80), 3.140 (0.69), 3.197 (0.72), 3.216 (1.02), 3.230 (1.24), 3.249 (1.74), 3.268 (1.66), 3.286 (1.96), 3.305 (2.10), 3.320 (2.18), 3.339 (1.77), 3.747 (0.55), 3.770 (0.86), 3.795 (0.58), 4.061 (0.58), 4.079 (0.77), 4.095 (1.22), 4.114 (0.88), 4.131 (1.13), 4.149 (0.97), 4.168 (1.55), 4.176 (2.02), 4.183 (2.10), 4.191 (1.24), 4.203 (2.57), 4.234 (2.38), 4.292 (0.58), 4.309 (0.61), 4.324 (0.50), 4.425 (2.35), 4.456 (1.96), 6.870 (2.02), 6.887 (2.16), 7.161 (4.15), 7.182 (4.01), 7.357 (1.60), 7.378 (2.87), 7.397 (2.29), 7.441 (2.93), 7.462 (1.71), 7.485 (0.41), 7.490 (0.64), 7.502 (1.82), 7.507 (1.71), 7.510 (2.38), 7.518 (3.87), 7.527 (2.38), 7.529 (2.04), 7.534 (2.04), 7.546 (0.69), 7.551 (0.41), 7.684 (3.29), 7.705 (2.96), 7.852 (1.71), 7.861 (0.88), 7.870 (1.38), 7.875 (1.46), 8.174 (2.40), 8.221 (1.52), 8.227 (1.33), 8.238 (0.72), 8.245 (1.41).

The title compound (92 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (45 mg, see Example 49) and enantiomer 2 (45 mg, see Example 50).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, Column: YMC Amylose SA 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 20 min; Flow 40.0 mL/min; UV 254 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; Column: YMC Amylose SA 3μ 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 7 min; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 254 nm

Example 49 (+)-4-chloro-3-methyl-2-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 48. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 48) gave the title compound (45 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 48): R_(t)=1.48 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=684 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): +11.3° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.030 (0.48), 1.135 (3.11), 1.154 (6.48), 1.172 (3.11), 1.231 (0.89), 1.292 (0.59), 1.803 (16.00), 1.919 (0.44), 1.937 (0.70), 1.953 (1.00), 1.979 (1.00), 1.995 (0.81), 2.011 (0.48), 2.123 (1.11), 2.138 (1.89), 2.165 (12.78), 2.194 (2.15), 2.211 (1.52), 2.228 (0.74), 2.322 (2.74), 2.327 (3.44), 2.331 (2.89), 2.336 (2.04), 2.518 (8.81), 2.523 (5.93), 2.539 (0.70), 2.659 (0.85), 2.665 (1.67), 2.669 (2.33), 2.673 (1.67), 2.678 (0.81), 2.866 (0.78), 2.884 (2.15), 2.902 (2.11), 2.921 (0.74), 3.101 (1.00), 3.112 (1.00), 3.126 (0.78), 3.186 (1.00), 3.202 (1.19), 3.219 (1.63), 3.249 (1.44), 3.266 (2.15), 3.285 (2.07), 3.300 (2.67), 3.319 (2.89), 3.337 (2.74), 3.738 (0.78), 3.760 (0.56), 4.058 (0.59), 4.078 (0.78), 4.093 (1.19), 4.113 (0.78), 4.130 (1.22), 4.149 (1.26), 4.168 (2.15), 4.178 (1.96), 4.193 (1.04), 4.202 (2.56), 4.233 (2.41), 4.333 (0.56), 4.351 (0.63), 4.368 (0.52), 4.410 (2.26), 4.441 (1.85), 6.865 (2.00), 6.882 (2.15), 7.126 (2.67), 7.147 (2.78), 7.353 (1.56), 7.373 (2.78), 7.393 (2.22), 7.437 (2.89), 7.458 (1.70), 7.484 (0.41), 7.488 (0.67), 7.501 (1.78), 7.505 (1.85), 7.508 (2.41), 7.517 (3.85), 7.525 (2.52), 7.532 (2.00), 7.544 (0.67), 7.636 (2.00), 7.657 (1.81), 7.851 (1.67), 7.859 (0.89), 7.868 (1.30), 7.873 (1.44), 8.222 (1.52), 8.229 (1.33), 8.238 (0.74), 8.246 (1.37).

Example 50 (−)-4-chloro-3-methyl-2-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 2)

For the preparation of the racemic titled compound see Example 48. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 48) gave the titled compound (45 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 48): R_(t)=3.26 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=684 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −14.1° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.020 (0.48), 1.138 (2.99), 1.156 (6.25), 1.175 (2.80), 1.205 (0.56), 1.231 (0.83), 1.259 (0.48), 1.293 (0.56), 1.802 (16.00), 1.922 (0.43), 1.938 (0.69), 1.956 (0.99), 1.981 (0.99), 1.996 (0.77), 2.012 (0.48), 2.120 (1.12), 2.135 (1.66), 2.148 (1.79), 2.179 (12.23), 2.195 (2.32), 2.212 (1.52), 2.230 (0.75), 2.322 (2.11), 2.327 (2.59), 2.331 (2.22), 2.336 (1.63), 2.370 (1.36), 2.518 (6.17), 2.523 (4.03), 2.659 (0.61), 2.664 (1.23), 2.669 (1.66), 2.673 (1.23), 2.678 (0.59), 2.870 (0.75), 2.888 (2.11), 2.906 (2.11), 2.924 (0.69), 3.087 (0.59), 3.101 (0.93), 3.113 (0.93), 3.126 (0.72), 3.138 (0.61), 3.174 (0.56), 3.192 (0.88), 3.207 (1.04), 3.225 (1.47), 3.250 (1.20), 3.269 (1.74), 3.287 (1.47), 3.302 (1.92), 3.321 (1.90), 3.332 (1.58), 3.716 (0.48), 3.740 (0.77), 3.762 (0.51), 4.056 (0.59), 4.075 (0.72), 4.091 (1.15), 4.107 (0.64), 4.115 (0.64), 4.132 (1.12), 4.150 (1.28), 4.169 (2.16), 4.179 (1.92), 4.194 (1.07), 4.202 (2.43), 4.234 (2.32), 4.331 (0.56), 4.346 (0.61), 4.363 (0.51), 4.416 (2.24), 4.447 (1.84), 6.865 (1.98), 6.882 (2.11), 7.132 (3.05), 7.154 (3.07), 7.353 (1.50), 7.374 (2.78), 7.393 (2.24), 7.438 (2.86), 7.459 (1.68), 7.483 (0.40), 7.488 (0.64), 7.500 (1.82), 7.505 (1.74), 7.508 (2.30), 7.516 (3.82), 7.524 (2.32), 7.527 (1.98), 7.532 (1.95), 7.544 (0.67), 7.644 (2.38), 7.666 (2.11), 7.851 (1.68), 7.859 (0.88), 7.868 (1.36), 7.874 (1.42), 8.223 (1.52), 8.229 (1.34), 8.239 (0.72), 8.247 (1.39).

Example 51 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(Rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 90, 108 mg, 181 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 2.8 mL of THF and 1.4 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (1.4 mL, 1.0 M, 1.4 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 24 hours, was neutralized using an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (1 M) and was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethanol) to give the title compound (89 mg).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.98 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=570 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.546 (0.44), 0.574 (0.50), 0.797 (0.78), 0.802 (0.64), 0.814 (3.81), 0.821 (1.60), 0.833 (8.30), 0.852 (4.42), 0.871 (0.99), 0.886 (0.55), 0.889 (0.48), 0.904 (0.57), 1.001 (0.48), 1.016 (0.48), 1.035 (1.38), 1.052 (3.32), 1.064 (0.60), 1.070 (1.58), 1.082 (1.05), 1.099 (0.60), 1.125 (1.01), 1.144 (2.02), 1.163 (1.31), 1.189 (0.53), 1.232 (2.04), 1.255 (1.70), 1.273 (2.06), 1.284 (1.19), 1.291 (1.40), 1.762 (0.46), 2.171 (0.66), 2.185 (1.24), 2.201 (1.74), 2.219 (1.95), 2.237 (2.15), 2.243 (1.65), 2.256 (1.56), 2.262 (1.44), 2.275 (0.50), 2.280 (0.60), 2.318 (0.50), 2.322 (0.99), 2.327 (1.33), 2.331 (0.99), 2.336 (0.44), 2.518 (4.97), 2.523 (3.85), 2.543 (0.62), 2.659 (0.44), 2.665 (0.94), 2.669 (1.33), 2.673 (0.96), 2.678 (0.44), 3.223 (0.41), 3.239 (0.60), 3.257 (0.87), 3.285 (0.71), 3.296 (0.87), 3.305 (1.49), 3.312 (2.06), 3.361 (1.03), 3.373 (0.44), 3.379 (0.73), 3.608 (2.98), 3.825 (16.00), 3.970 (0.57), 3.997 (0.46), 4.181 (1.33), 4.196 (2.70), 4.211 (1.31), 4.532 (0.57), 4.566 (0.50), 5.792 (0.55), 6.872 (1.63), 6.889 (1.90), 7.182 (2.96), 7.203 (3.00), 7.360 (1.33), 7.380 (2.38), 7.399 (1.99), 7.440 (2.43), 7.461 (1.38), 7.474 (0.53), 7.478 (0.66), 7.491 (1.44), 7.495 (1.33), 7.507 (1.67), 7.510 (2.11), 7.512 (2.22), 7.515 (1.81), 7.526 (1.38), 7.531 (1.70), 7.543 (0.69), 7.548 (0.55), 7.723 (2.18), 7.744 (1.93), 7.849 (1.47), 7.856 (0.99), 7.868 (1.63), 7.873 (1.26), 8.186 (1.40), 8.191 (1.31), 8.206 (1.01), 8.208 (1.21), 8.210 (1.19).

The title compound (92 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (32 mg, see Example 52) and enantiomer 2 (37 mg, see Example 53).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, Column: YMC Chiralpak IA 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 15 min; Flow 40.0 mL/min; UV 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; Column: Chiralpak IA 3μ 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 7 min; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 220 nm

Example 52 (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt—Enantiomer 1

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 51. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 51) gave the title compound (32 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 51): R_(t)=3.11 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.96 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=570 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): +16.1° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.561 (0.50), 0.588 (0.60), 0.795 (0.70), 0.820 (4.57), 0.839 (8.72), 0.858 (3.90), 0.874 (0.50), 1.066 (0.47), 1.084 (0.67), 1.100 (0.65), 1.138 (6.39), 1.157 (13.52), 1.175 (6.46), 1.205 (0.57), 1.231 (1.59), 1.259 (1.04), 1.297 (0.70), 1.314 (0.70), 1.352 (0.60), 1.763 (0.47), 2.172 (1.09), 2.191 (1.39), 2.202 (1.44), 2.208 (1.59), 2.219 (1.44), 2.238 (1.94), 2.246 (1.59), 2.257 (1.49), 2.265 (1.44), 2.283 (0.62), 2.332 (1.07), 2.336 (0.50), 2.518 (7.38), 2.522 (4.62), 2.673 (1.07), 2.678 (0.50), 2.867 (1.66), 2.884 (5.04), 2.903 (5.07), 2.921 (1.54), 3.148 (0.45), 3.164 (0.55), 3.182 (0.75), 3.201 (0.47), 3.240 (0.60), 3.259 (1.04), 3.276 (1.02), 3.571 (0.42), 3.771 (0.60), 3.821 (16.00), 3.855 (0.52), 3.870 (0.60), 4.168 (1.42), 4.183 (2.96), 4.199 (1.42), 4.612 (0.57), 4.646 (0.52), 6.860 (1.76), 6.878 (1.91), 7.105 (1.81), 7.126 (1.91), 7.348 (1.39), 7.368 (2.56), 7.387 (2.01), 7.431 (2.56), 7.452 (1.54), 7.470 (0.50), 7.474 (0.67), 7.487 (1.52), 7.491 (1.42), 7.501 (1.71), 7.507 (2.58), 7.511 (1.74), 7.521 (1.52), 7.525 (1.71), 7.538 (0.72), 7.542 (0.52), 7.613 (1.24), 7.634 (1.12), 7.844 (1.54), 7.851 (1.02), 7.863 (1.66), 7.868 (1.37), 8.193 (1.34), 8.197 (1.39), 8.215 (1.27), 8.217 (1.29).

Example 53 (−) 4-chloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt—Enantiomer 2

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 51. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 51) gave the title compound (37 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 51): R_(t)=4.93 min.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.94 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=570 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): −5.9° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.558 (0.51), 0.585 (0.63), 0.795 (0.71), 0.819 (4.50), 0.829 (2.08), 0.838 (8.48), 0.857 (3.99), 1.084 (0.65), 1.107 (0.60), 1.138 (5.86), 1.156 (11.96), 1.174 (5.84), 1.205 (0.65), 1.231 (1.96), 1.255 (1.00), 1.259 (1.14), 1.273 (1.14), 1.290 (0.94), 1.761 (0.54), 2.202 (1.59), 2.209 (1.62), 2.219 (1.62), 2.238 (2.08), 2.245 (1.74), 2.256 (1.65), 2.264 (1.59), 2.282 (0.71), 2.322 (1.37), 2.326 (1.82), 2.332 (1.31), 2.336 (0.68), 2.518 (7.46), 2.522 (4.58), 2.660 (0.46), 2.664 (1.11), 2.668 (1.59), 2.673 (1.11), 2.678 (0.46), 2.872 (1.45), 2.891 (4.50), 2.909 (4.36), 2.927 (1.31), 3.162 (0.40), 3.179 (0.51), 3.195 (0.71), 3.216 (0.46), 3.249 (0.63), 3.268 (1.08), 3.285 (1.11), 3.822 (16.00), 3.888 (0.54), 4.170 (1.40), 4.186 (2.90), 4.201 (1.42), 4.594 (0.57), 4.629 (0.51), 6.863 (1.77), 6.881 (1.91), 7.119 (1.68), 7.141 (1.74), 7.350 (1.34), 7.371 (2.51), 7.390 (2.08), 7.433 (2.62), 7.454 (1.51), 7.471 (0.57), 7.475 (0.65), 7.488 (1.57), 7.492 (1.37), 7.502 (1.74), 7.508 (2.45), 7.512 (1.74), 7.522 (1.48), 7.526 (1.62), 7.539 (0.68), 7.543 (0.48), 7.634 (1.08), 7.656 (1.00), 7.846 (1.59), 7.851 (0.97), 7.864 (1.71), 7.868 (1.31), 8.191 (1.42), 8.196 (1.42), 8.214 (1.31).

Example 54 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(Rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5]azacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 99, 113 mg, 183 μmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 4 mL of THF and 1 mL of ethanol and aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (370 μL, 1.0 M, 370 μmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. overnight. Aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (370 μL, 1.0 M, 370 μmol) was added and stirring was continued at 70° C. for 14 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water and acidified using an aqueous, saturated solution of citric acid. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were dried using sodium sulfate, were filtered and were concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography using silica gel (gradient dichloromethane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (63 mg, 55% yield).

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.67 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=588 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.522 (0.44), 0.550 (0.53), 0.812 (4.07), 0.831 (8.40), 0.850 (3.86), 1.154 (1.68), 1.172 (3.30), 1.190 (1.77), 1.233 (0.97), 1.907 (0.74), 1.987 (5.24), 2.162 (0.47), 2.197 (1.68), 2.203 (1.59), 2.216 (1.59), 2.233 (1.94), 2.239 (1.83), 2.252 (1.41), 2.258 (1.44), 2.276 (0.59), 2.332 (1.21), 2.336 (0.53), 2.518 (7.10), 2.522 (4.86), 2.673 (1.21), 2.678 (0.53), 3.238 (0.62), 3.256 (0.97), 3.276 (1.06), 3.295 (1.41), 3.824 (16.00), 3.960 (0.59), 3.987 (0.41), 3.999 (0.53), 4.017 (1.12), 4.034 (1.06), 4.181 (1.27), 4.196 (2.68), 4.211 (1.27), 4.522 (0.59), 4.558 (0.56), 5.758 (4.27), 6.845 (1.18), 6.853 (1.24), 6.859 (1.06), 6.867 (1.30), 7.195 (2.98), 7.216 (2.98), 7.332 (0.83), 7.339 (0.91), 7.355 (1.21), 7.362 (1.36), 7.377 (0.83), 7.383 (0.94), 7.422 (2.39), 7.428 (2.56), 7.436 (5.57), 7.636 (1.44), 7.642 (1.50), 7.661 (1.47), 7.668 (1.47), 7.726 (2.21), 7.747 (2.00), 8.198 (1.30), 8.213 (1.33), 8.221 (1.33), 8.236 (1.27).

Example 55 (rac)-4-chloro-12,12-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

Ethyl-4-chloro-12,12-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 110, 1.50 g, 25% purity, 603 μmol) was dissolved in 14 mL of THF and 14 mL of ethanol. Lithium hydroxide in water (12 mL, 1.0 M, 12 mmol) was added and the reaction was heated to 60° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was neutralised with acetic acid (690 μL, 12 mmol) and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution followed by brine, the organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified by reverse phase chromatography (C-18) with 50-100% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid in water with 0.1% formic acid to give 331 mg of the desired and analytically pure compound as a white solid.

LC-MS (Method 3): R_(t)=3.41 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=593.7 [M−H]⁻

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ [ppm]=1.39-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.85 (s, 3H), 2.06-2.19 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.37 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.53 (m, 3H), 3.64 (dd, 1H), 3.85 (t, 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 4.18 (t, 2H), 4.42 (d, 1H), 4.57-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.79 (d, 1H), 6.75 (d, 1H), 7.23 (t, 1H), 7.34 (t, 1H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.78-7.82 (m, 1H), 8.34-8.38 (m, 1H)—Acid OH signal not observed.

¹⁹F-NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ [ppm]=−105.82 (dd, 1F), −90.91-91.69 (m, 1F).

Note: A singlet can be seen in the ¹H-NMR at 1.42 ppm. This is believed to be a by-product from the di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate used in the Mitsonobu Reaction (Intermediate 110) and is approximately 2.1% w/w.

The title compound (294 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (127 mg, see Example 56) and enantiomer 2 (122 mg, see Example 57).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, Column: YMC Chiralpak IA 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Isokratisch: 80% A+20% B; Flow 50.0 mL/min; UV 254 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; Column: Chiralpak IA 3μ 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Isokratisch: 80% A+20% B; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 254 nm

Example 56 4-chloro-12,12-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt—Enantiomer 1

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 55. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 55) gave the title compound (127 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 55): R_(t)=1.45 min.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.58 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=594 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): 0.3° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.798 (0.46), 0.814 (0.56), 0.821 (0.51), 0.904 (0.53), 1.084 (0.49), 1.141 (7.16), 1.159 (16.00), 1.178 (7.13), 1.237 (0.44), 1.259 (0.76), 1.765 (11.61), 2.179 (0.86), 2.197 (1.33), 2.214 (0.90), 2.332 (0.43), 2.518 (2.44), 2.523 (1.53), 2.673 (0.45), 2.845 (1.90), 2.864 (6.08), 2.882 (5.83), 2.900 (1.78), 3.195 (0.43), 3.209 (0.58), 3.228 (1.01), 3.239 (0.72), 3.246 (0.74), 3.257 (1.10), 3.275 (0.95), 3.407 (0.61), 3.464 (0.45), 3.495 (0.65), 3.551 (0.54), 3.579 (0.58), 3.587 (0.65), 3.616 (0.42), 3.847 (11.73), 4.134 (0.52), 4.150 (1.32), 4.168 (1.30), 4.184 (0.50), 4.290 (1.50), 4.321 (1.68), 4.554 (0.99), 4.586 (0.79), 6.847 (1.33), 6.865 (1.42), 7.116 (2.34), 7.137 (2.41), 7.338 (0.98), 7.358 (1.82), 7.377 (1.39), 7.429 (1.90), 7.450 (1.14), 7.483 (0.43), 7.496 (1.18), 7.501 (1.15), 7.504 (1.38), 7.513 (2.46), 7.520 (1.46), 7.523 (1.24), 7.528 (1.22), 7.540 (0.46), 7.582 (1.87), 7.603 (1.68), 7.846 (1.13), 7.855 (0.58), 7.863 (0.96), 7.869 (0.95), 8.219 (1.00), 8.226 (0.91), 8.236 (0.50), 8.243 (0.91).

Example 57 4-chloro-12,12-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt—Enantiomer 2

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 55. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 55) gave the title compound (122 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 55): R_(t)=2.07 min.

LC-MS (Method 1): R_(t)=1.58 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=594 [M+H]⁺

Specific Optical Rotation (Method 01): 2.7° (c=10 mg/mL, DMSO)

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.798 (0.44), 0.814 (0.53), 0.821 (0.47), 0.904 (0.49), 1.084 (0.57), 1.138 (7.15), 1.157 (16.00), 1.175 (7.17), 1.236 (0.44), 1.259 (0.89), 1.765 (11.71), 2.178 (0.83), 2.195 (1.28), 2.212 (0.89), 2.332 (0.57), 2.518 (3.00), 2.523 (2.03), 2.539 (1.65), 2.846 (1.85), 2.864 (5.94), 2.883 (5.76), 2.900 (1.72), 3.207 (0.53), 3.226 (0.93), 3.237 (0.62), 3.244 (0.64), 3.254 (0.99), 3.273 (0.76), 3.287 (0.92), 3.408 (0.49), 3.494 (0.58), 3.551 (0.51), 3.579 (0.56), 3.587 (0.62), 3.616 (0.40), 3.847 (11.55), 4.133 (0.50), 4.150 (1.30), 4.168 (1.29), 4.184 (0.50), 4.290 (1.51), 4.321 (1.71), 4.554 (0.96), 4.586 (0.78), 6.848 (1.32), 6.866 (1.43), 7.117 (2.03), 7.138 (2.18), 7.338 (1.03), 7.359 (1.87), 7.378 (1.42), 7.429 (1.89), 7.450 (1.15), 7.484 (0.40), 7.497 (1.15), 7.501 (1.11), 7.504 (1.42), 7.513 (2.62), 7.521 (1.48), 7.523 (1.22), 7.528 (1.30), 7.541 (0.46), 7.582 (1.55), 7.603 (1.40), 7.846 (1.11), 7.855 (0.58), 7.863 (0.93), 7.869 (0.93), 8.219 (0.99), 8.226 (0.90), 8.236 (0.49), 8.243 (0.92).

Example 58 (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

Ethyl 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 104, 32.0 mg) was dissolved in 760 μL THF and 680 μL ethanol and treated with aqueous lithium hydroxide-solution (1.1 mL, 1.0 M, 1.1 mmol). It was stirred at 60° C. under nitrogen atmosphere over night and at room temperature for three days. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of acetic acid (60 μL, 1.1 mmol). Then it was extracted three times with dichloromethane/isopropanole 7:3. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine once, filtered through a silicone coated filter and dried under reduced pressure to provide the analytically pure target compound: 24 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.98 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=658 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.97-1.10 (m, 3H), 1.11-1.27 (m, 1H), 1.91 (s, 3H), 2.12-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.27-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.90-3.26 (m, 4H), 3.59 (d, 1H), 3.66-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 4.16 (t, 2H), 4.29-4.46 (m, 1H), 6.83 (dd, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H), 7.30-7.50 (m, 3H).

The title compound (24 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (7 mg, see Example 59) and enantiomer 2 (9 mg, see Example 60).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Sepiatec: Prep SFC100, Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Carbondioxide; Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); isokratic: 17% B; Flow 100 mL/min; Temperature: 40° C.; BPR: 150 bar; UV 220 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260, Aurora SFC-Modul; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Carbondioxide; Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% aqueous ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 17% B; Flow 4.0 mL/min; Temperature: 37.5° C.; BPR: 100 bar; DAD 254 nm

Example 59 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid—Enantiomer 1

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 58. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 58) gave the title compound (7 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 58): R_(t)=1.78 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.706 (1.13), 0.724 (2.49), 0.743 (1.29), 0.766 (0.51), 0.776 (1.58), 0.783 (1.02), 0.793 (1.77), 0.798 (2.09), 0.806 (2.03), 0.811 (1.75), 0.815 (2.01), 0.819 (1.94), 0.832 (3.08), 0.841 (3.35), 0.845 (4.21), 0.851 (6.21), 0.861 (10.22), 0.877 (6.27), 0.894 (1.47), 0.897 (1.55), 0.900 (1.50), 0.904 (1.61), 0.912 (1.55), 0.922 (0.97), 0.927 (1.09), 0.965 (2.74), 0.981 (2.22), 0.998 (1.59), 1.041 (4.23), 1.054 (1.29), 1.060 (2.99), 1.066 (1.88), 1.072 (1.34), 1.081 (1.75), 1.092 (1.35), 1.106 (8.49), 1.133 (3.94), 1.138 (4.61), 1.143 (3.87), 1.148 (4.12), 1.154 (4.19), 1.168 (1.18), 1.185 (0.68), 1.197 (1.52), 1.211 (1.77), 1.227 (1.18), 1.253 (0.63), 1.266 (0.59), 1.277 (0.51), 1.292 (0.53), 1.354 (0.55), 1.387 (0.75), 1.417 (0.88), 1.428 (0.79), 1.436 (0.95), 1.447 (1.40), 1.454 (0.77), 1.466 (1.29), 1.485 (0.50), 1.785 (14.45), 1.843 (0.46), 1.907 (0.55), 1.988 (0.47), 2.009 (1.18), 2.029 (0.55), 2.040 (1.40), 2.070 (0.46), 2.083 (0.59), 2.088 (0.49), 2.097 (0.50), 2.103 (0.83), 2.116 (0.56), 2.135 (1.09), 2.171 (1.47), 2.181 (1.79), 2.201 (2.17), 2.282 (1.05), 2.316 (2.56), 2.352 (0.51), 2.461 (0.77), 2.522 (2.18), 2.668 (1.09), 2.776 (0.70), 2.947 (0.66), 2.959 (0.54), 2.973 (0.75), 2.986 (0.96), 3.011 (0.88), 3.038 (0.50), 3.100 (0.67), 3.124 (1.22), 3.149 (1.56), 3.164 (1.59), 3.188 (1.89), 3.203 (1.77), 3.580 (2.39), 3.613 (3.26), 3.665 (2.97), 3.698 (2.28), 3.729 (1.08), 3.803 (16.00), 4.140 (1.59), 4.155 (2.90), 4.170 (1.54), 4.406 (0.60), 4.422 (0.60), 4.440 (0.56), 6.814 (1.51), 6.831 (1.58), 7.112 (2.99), 7.133 (3.14), 7.355 (0.64), 7.361 (0.77), 7.383 (1.92), 7.402 (2.48), 7.421 (4.34), 7.442 (0.77), 7.617 (2.38), 7.632 (1.94), 7.637 (3.74), 7.658 (1.56), 7.663 (1.64), 8.264 (1.05), 8.279 (1.17), 8.286 (1.14), 8.301 (0.98).

Example 60 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid—Enantiomer 2

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 58. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 58) gave the title compound (9 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 58): R_(t)=2.83 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.704 (1.14), 0.723 (2.69), 0.741 (1.42), 0.748 (0.48), 0.753 (0.53), 0.766 (0.81), 0.771 (1.04), 0.776 (1.45), 0.783 (1.24), 0.794 (2.41), 0.802 (2.43), 0.807 (2.87), 0.811 (2.21), 0.816 (2.48), 0.825 (2.46), 0.832 (3.60), 0.835 (3.45), 0.843 (5.48), 0.852 (10.32), 0.859 (10.07), 0.870 (4.01), 0.875 (6.29), 0.894 (1.95), 0.901 (2.18), 0.910 (2.61), 0.921 (1.50), 0.928 (1.22), 0.961 (2.36), 0.967 (3.35), 0.977 (2.00), 0.981 (2.48), 0.999 (1.75), 1.031 (5.83), 1.060 (3.40), 1.065 (2.64), 1.073 (1.42), 1.080 (1.98), 1.107 (16.00), 1.127 (5.91), 1.132 (3.35), 1.142 (6.80), 1.158 (1.22), 1.164 (1.06), 1.187 (2.26), 1.192 (2.81), 1.208 (0.79), 1.229 (1.65), 1.244 (0.94), 1.263 (0.81), 1.282 (0.61), 1.292 (0.68), 1.354 (0.68), 1.369 (0.46), 1.387 (0.99), 1.412 (1.06), 1.430 (2.21), 1.450 (2.03), 1.469 (0.84), 1.488 (0.43), 1.572 (0.43), 1.581 (0.41), 1.591 (0.46), 1.600 (0.41), 1.760 (0.48), 1.787 (13.24), 1.831 (0.63), 1.906 (0.76), 1.919 (0.43), 1.988 (0.68), 1.998 (1.60), 2.029 (1.67), 2.036 (0.71), 2.073 (5.20), 2.083 (4.74), 2.095 (1.01), 2.102 (0.56), 2.111 (0.53), 2.126 (1.22), 2.138 (0.68), 2.170 (1.55), 2.178 (1.67), 2.195 (2.38), 2.201 (2.03), 2.257 (0.99), 2.289 (1.29), 2.305 (2.08), 2.317 (2.64), 2.322 (2.66), 2.326 (2.74), 2.331 (2.54), 2.451 (0.66), 2.522 (5.12), 2.641 (0.56), 2.665 (1.55), 2.668 (1.75), 2.673 (1.32), 2.743 (1.17), 2.952 (0.61), 2.964 (0.51), 2.977 (0.68), 2.989 (0.89), 3.016 (0.81), 3.042 (0.46), 3.134 (1.22), 3.159 (1.67), 3.174 (1.72), 3.196 (1.93), 3.582 (1.62), 3.614 (2.64), 3.660 (2.46), 3.692 (1.77), 3.719 (0.84), 3.804 (15.01), 4.142 (1.42), 4.156 (2.56), 4.170 (1.39), 4.431 (0.53), 6.818 (1.34), 6.833 (1.39), 7.105 (2.69), 7.127 (2.79), 7.358 (0.68), 7.364 (0.74), 7.386 (1.80), 7.406 (2.41), 7.423 (4.61), 7.444 (0.74), 7.607 (2.00), 7.629 (2.03), 7.634 (2.00), 7.641 (1.67), 7.660 (1.57), 7.667 (1.50), 8.264 (0.94), 8.280 (1.06), 8.288 (1.04), 8.302 (0.89).

Example 61 (rac) 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

The saponification of (rac)-ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 116, 46.0 mg) was performed as described in Example 55 to provide the target compound in 88% purity: 10 mg

LC-MS Method 2): R_(t)=1.05 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=673 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.790 (3.27), 0.809 (7.55), 0.819 (1.27), 0.828 (3.49), 0.837 (0.56), 0.903 (0.46), 0.975 (0.44), 0.993 (0.86), 1.010 (0.66), 1.035 (8.02), 1.052 (16.00), 1.070 (9.03), 1.206 (0.71), 1.225 (1.16), 2.035 (0.83), 2.130 (0.75), 2.148 (1.61), 2.160 (1.72), 2.167 (2.00), 2.179 (2.28), 2.197 (1.85), 2.207 (1.30), 2.214 (1.08), 2.274 (0.51), 2.294 (0.59), 2.308 (0.85), 2.322 (0.65), 2.326 (0.63), 2.331 (0.43), 2.356 (0.41), 2.378 (0.68), 2.392 (0.55), 2.409 (0.46), 2.518 (1.76), 2.522 (1.21), 2.669 (0.44), 2.940 (0.40), 2.966 (0.44), 2.978 (0.70), 3.004 (0.62), 3.062 (0.71), 3.087 (0.72), 3.101 (0.51), 3.126 (0.41), 3.224 (0.50), 3.240 (0.80), 3.258 (1.12), 3.276 (1.18), 3.294 (1.57), 3.329 (2.99), 3.411 (1.25), 3.429 (3.17), 3.446 (3.12), 3.464 (1.08), 3.558 (1.46), 3.589 (1.95), 3.700 (2.06), 3.717 (0.97), 3.732 (2.51), 3.787 (0.51), 3.796 (0.49), 3.810 (0.87), 3.846 (1.11), 4.141 (1.48), 4.157 (3.03), 4.172 (1.49), 4.268 (0.68), 4.285 (0.68), 4.302 (0.66), 4.321 (0.41), 6.805 (1.58), 6.808 (1.54), 6.823 (1.70), 7.159 (3.70), 7.180 (3.81), 7.364 (0.84), 7.371 (1.01), 7.386 (2.15), 7.393 (1.66), 7.408 (2.61), 7.415 (1.18), 7.425 (2.87), 7.431 (3.13), 7.450 (0.83), 7.640 (1.62), 7.647 (1.60), 7.667 (1.66), 7.673 (1.68), 7.682 (3.10), 7.703 (2.78), 8.279 (1.36), 8.293 (1.41), 8.302 (1.35), 8.317 (1.29).

Example 62 (rac)-4-chloro-14-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

The saponification of (rac)- ethyl 4-chloro-14-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:8,9][1,6]diazacycloundecino[10,11,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 117, 30.0 mg) was performed as described in Example 55 to provide the target compound in 93% purity: 16 mg

LC-MS Method 2): R_(t)=1.01 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=654 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.793 (3.80), 0.812 (8.86), 0.818 (2.64), 0.831 (3.76), 0.884 (0.67), 0.902 (1.29), 0.920 (0.71), 0.991 (0.94), 1.034 (8.47), 1.051 (16.00), 1.069 (8.25), 1.226 (1.42), 1.252 (0.62), 1.402 (0.76), 1.418 (0.89), 1.433 (0.58), 1.454 (0.82), 1.471 (0.75), 1.488 (0.48), 1.906 (0.49), 1.980 (0.56), 2.035 (0.41), 2.118 (0.43), 2.137 (0.95), 2.155 (2.09), 2.174 (2.84), 2.188 (3.16), 2.207 (2.52), 2.220 (7.95), 2.272 (1.09), 2.315 (1.03), 2.327 (1.22), 2.369 (0.47), 2.390 (0.41), 2.409 (0.47), 2.555 (0.66), 2.590 (0.72), 2.631 (0.57), 2.664 (1.16), 2.668 (1.16), 2.699 (0.61), 3.216 (1.09), 3.232 (2.02), 3.245 (1.45), 3.257 (1.40), 3.283 (1.24), 3.304 (2.12), 3.405 (0.88), 3.422 (1.80), 3.432 (1.90), 3.440 (1.84), 3.449 (1.73), 3.471 (1.52), 3.504 (1.85), 3.601 (2.15), 3.633 (1.52), 3.716 (0.86), 3.734 (1.13), 3.747 (7.61), 3.824 (15.97), 3.846 (1.10), 3.864 (0.76), 3.879 (0.49), 4.147 (1.70), 4.162 (3.38), 4.177 (1.65), 4.256 (0.82), 4.273 (0.82), 4.290 (0.78), 4.307 (0.44), 4.349 (1.17), 4.362 (1.71), 5.367 (0.46), 5.508 (0.91), 5.648 (0.42), 6.815 (1.68), 6.833 (1.75), 7.171 (3.66), 7.192 (3.85), 7.366 (0.90), 7.373 (1.03), 7.389 (2.05), 7.395 (1.88), 7.411 (2.99), 7.430 (4.28), 7.452 (0.83), 7.642 (1.69), 7.649 (1.67), 7.668 (1.67), 7.675 (1.63), 7.698 (3.24), 7.720 (2.92), 8.279 (1.41), 8.294 (1.49), 8.302 (1.43), 8.317 (1.29).

Example 63 (9aS,11 aR)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-15-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9,9a, 10,11,11a, 12-octahydrocyclobuta[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-14-carboxylic Acid—Stereoisomer 1

The saponification of ethyl (9aS,11aR or 9aR,11aS)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-15-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9,9a, 10,11,11a, 12-octahydrocyclobuta[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-14-carboxylate—Stereoisomer 1 (see Intermediate 121, 86.0 mg) was performed as described in Example 55 to provide the target compound in 99% purity: 50 mg

¹H NMR (chlororform-d, 400 MHz): 8.33-8.39 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 7.34 (t, 1H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 6.76 (d, 1H), 4.54 (d, 1H), 4.16-4.28 (m, 5H), 3.94 (d, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.55 (t, 1H), 3.38-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.37 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.35 (m, 3H), 1.94 (s, 3H), 1.82-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.55 (t, 1H), 1.10-1.18 (m, 1H).

LCMS (Method 3): R_(t)=3.32 min, MS (ESIneg): 582[M−H]⁻.

Example 64 (9aR,11 aS)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-15-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9,9a, 10,11,11a, 12-octahydrocyclobuta[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-14-carboxylic Acid—Stereoisomer 2

The saponification of ethyl (9aR,11aS or 9aS,11aR)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-15-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9,9a, 10,11,11a, 12-octahydrocyclobuta[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-14-carboxylate—Stereoisomer 2 (see Intermediate 122, 140 mg) was performed as described in Example 55 to provide the target compound in 94% purity: 67 mg

¹H NMR (chloroform-d, 400 MHz): 8.34-8.40 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.33 (t, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H), 6.73 (d, 1H), 4.73 (d, 1H), 4.06-4.27 (m, 5H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 3.50 (s, 2H), 3.32-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.03 (sextet, 1H), 2.22-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.86 (s, 3H), 1.78-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.58 (t, 1H), 1.10 (q, 1H), 0.85 (qn, 1H).

LCMS (Method 3): R_(t)=3.49 min, MS (ESIneg): 582 [M−H]⁻.

Example 65 (9aS,10aR or 9aR, 10aS)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-14-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9a, 10,10a, 11-hexahydro-9H-cyclopropa[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino-[8,7,6-hi]indole-13-carboxylic Acid—Stereoisomer 1

The saponification of ethyl (9aS,10aR or 9aR,10aS)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-14-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9a, 10,10a, 11-hexahydro-9H-cyclopropa[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-13-carboxylate—Stereoisomer 1 (see Intermediate 126, 125 mg) was performed as described in Example 55 to provide the target compound in 100% purity: 65 mg

¹H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): 8.34-8.40 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 7.34 (t, 1H), 7.17 (d, 1H), 6.76 (d, 1H), 4.69 (dd, 2H), 4.16-4.29 (m, 3H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.82 (dd, 1H), 3.66 (dd, 1H), 3.32-3.49 (m, 2H), 2.49 (t, 1H), 2.26-2.37 (m, 2H), 1.88 (s, 3H), 0.97-1.08 (m, 1H), 0.82 (qn, 1H), 0.60-0.67 (m, 1H), −0.24 (q, 1H).

LCMS (Method 3): R_(t)=3.14 min, MS (ESIpos): 570 [M+H]⁺.

Example 66 (9aR,10aS or 9aS, 10aR)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-14-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9a, 10,10a, 11-hexahydro-9H-cyclopropa[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino-[8,7,6-hi]indole-13-carboxylic Acid—Stereoisomer 2

The saponification of ethyl (9aR,10aS or 9aS,10aR)-3-chloro-4,5-dimethyl-14-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-5,7,9a, 10,10a, 11-hexahydro-9H-cyclopropa[3,4]pyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-13-carboxylate—Stereoisomer 2 (see Intermediate 127, 74.0 mg) was performed as described in Example 55 to provide the target compound in 98% purity: 26 mg

¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-D, 400 MHz): 8.33-8.39 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.33 (t, 1H), 7.14 (d, 1H), 6.74 (d, 1H), 4.37-4.47 (m, 2H), 4.24 (d, 1H), 4.12-4.23 (m, 2H), 3.99 (dd, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.60 (d, 1H), 3.35-3.48 (m, 3H), 2.28-2.38 (m, 2H), 1.88 (s, 3H), 1.18-1.27 (m, 1H), 0.82-0.93 (m, 1H), 0.19-0.28 (m, 1H), −0.46 (q, 1H).

LCMS (Method 3): R_(t)=3.22 min, 98.3%. MS (ESIpos): 570 [M+H]⁺.

Example 67 (rac)-4-chloro-11,11,12,12-tetrafluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-11,11,12,12-tetrafluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 131, 16.0 mg) was performed as described in Example 55 to provide the target compound in 98% purity: 4.5 mg

¹H NMR (300 MHz, chloroform-d): δ [ppm] 1.82 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.43 (m, 2H), 3.43 (t, 2H), 3.66-3.86 (m, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 4.09-4.24 (m, 2H), 4.51 (d, 1H), 4.52-4.68 (m, 1H, overlapped), 4.68 (d, 1H), 5.02 (qd, 1H), 6.74 (d, 1H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.34 (t, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.46-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.78-7.84 (m, 1H), 8.35-8.41 (m, 1H).

LCMS (Method 3): R_(t)=3.21 min, MS (ESIpos): 630 [M+H]⁺

Example 68 (rac)-4-chloro-11,11-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-[3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl]-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)- ethyl 4-chloro-11,11-difluoro-2,3-dimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,10,11,12,13,15-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:9,10][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[8,7,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 138, 180 mg) was performed as described in Example 55 to provide the target compound: 157 mg in 98% purity.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=1.51 (dt, 1H), 1.88 (s, 3H), 2.07-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.40 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.59 (m, 3H), 3.67 (dd, 1H), 3.86 (dd, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 4.16-4.28 (m, 2H), 4.44 (d, 1H), 4.58-4.72 (m, 1H), 4.82 (d, 1H), 6.77 (d, 1H), 7.25 (d, 1H), 7.32-7.57 (m, 4H), 7.67 (d, 1H), 7.79-7.86 (m, 1H), 8.35-8.42 (m, 1H)—Acid OH signal not visible;

¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CHLOROFORM-D) δ [ppm]=−106.41-−105.47 (m, 1H), −91.83-−90.88 (m, 1H);

LCMS (Method 3): R_(t)=3.44 min., MS (ESIneg): m/z=592.2/594.3 (M−H)⁻.

Example 68 (rac)- (E/Z)-8-benzyl-9,11-dimethyl-1-[3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl]-4,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylic Acid

A mixture of (rac)-ethyl (E/Z)-8-benzyl-9,11-dimethyl-1-[3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl]-4,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylate (15 mg, 0.024 mmol, see Intermediate 25), lithium hydroxide hydrate (5.04 mg, 0.120 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (0.8 mL), methanol (0.27 mL), and water (1.3 mL) was stirred at 150° C. for 30 min in a microwave. Upon completion, the volatiles were removed and the crude product was purified by reverse phase flash chromatography on C18 silica gel (0-100% acetonitrile/water with 10 mM ammonium formate buffer) to afford, after lyophilization, the title compound (6.8 mg, 0.011 mmol).

¹H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD) δ [ppm]: 8.39-8.33 (m, 1H), 7.81-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.15 (m, 3H), 7.10 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (dt, J=11.2, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (dd, J=18.0, 9.3 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (dd, J=16.6, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (dd, J=16.9, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.61-3.50 (m, 5H), 3.46-3.25 (m, 3H), 2.35 (p, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.95 (s, 3H).

MS: m/z=597.48 [M+H]⁺

Example 69 and Example 70 (rac)-8-benzyl-9,11-dimethyl-1-[3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylic Acid (Example 002) and (rac)-9,11-dimethyl-1-[3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl]-4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylic Acid (Example 003)

To a solution of (rac)-ethyl (5Z)-8-benzyl-9,11-dimethyl-1-[3-(1-naphthyloxy)propyl]-4,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-2-carboxylate (22 mg, 0.035 mmol, see Intermediate 25) in methanol (704 μL) was added palladium on charcoal (3.75 mg, 3.52 μmol). The mixture was evacuated and purged with hydrogen gas three times and then stirred for 20 h. Upon completion of the reaction, as indicated by LCMS, the mixture was filtered through Celite, rinsed with methanol, and concentrated. The crude residue was treated with lithium hydroxide hydrate (36.8 mg, 0.877 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (1.1 mL), methanol (0.39 mL), and water (2 mL) and the mixture was heated in a microwave at 150° C. for 30 min. Upon completion, the volatiles were removed and the crude product was purified by reverse phase flash chromatography on C18 silica gel (0-100% acetonitrile/water with 0.1% formic acid buffer) to afford, after lyophilization, Example 69 (66.4 mg, 0.108 mmol), and Example 70 (8.8 mg, 0.017 mmol).

Example 69

¹H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD) δ [ppm]: 8.37-8.31 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.74 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.38 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.13 (m, 3H), 7.02-6.96 (m, 3H), 6.87 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (dt, J=14.4, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (t, J=5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.03-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.76 (d, J=14.2 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.46-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.92 (dd, J=14.8, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.35 (p, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.99-1.89 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.38 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.19 (m, 3H).

MS: m/z=599.50 [M+H]⁺

Example 70

¹H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD) δ [ppm]: 8.24 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.64-4.56 (m, 1H), 4.36-4.26 (m, 1H), 4.19 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.34 (m, 3H), 3.23-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.85 (dt, J=14.9, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.37-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.89 (m, 5H), 1.58 (dd, J=13.5, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 1.52-1.43 (m, 1H), 0.83 (t, J=12.7 Hz, 1H). Amino and carboxylic acid protons do not appear in the spectra.

MS: m/z=509.48 [M+H]⁺

Example 71 (rac)-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(Rac)-ethyl-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 142, 400 mg, 30% purity) was dissolved in a mixture of 3.2 mL of THF and 2.9 mL of ethanol and treated with aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (4.5 mL, 1.0 M, 4.5 mmol). It was stirred at 60° C. under nitrogen atmosphere overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of acetic acid. Then the aqueous layer was extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane/isopropanole (7:3) thrice. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by HPLC (method P3) in two portions to give one analytically pure batch with 14 mg of the title compound and a second batch with 50 mg (46% purity).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.93 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=572 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.773 (0.62), 0.792 (0.82), 0.811 (0.63), 0.830 (0.67), 0.848 (0.84), 1.169 (1.37), 1.227 (4.50), 1.253 (1.43), 1.294 (1.28), 1.320 (1.13), 1.430 (0.62), 1.443 (0.62), 1.576 (0.43), 1.604 (0.42), 1.752 (0.73), 1.822 (10.34), 1.891 (0.52), 2.075 (0.65), 2.083 (16.00), 2.136 (0.44), 2.154 (0.91), 2.171 (1.28), 2.188 (1.02), 2.206 (0.76), 2.214 (0.47), 2.440 (9.89), 2.518 (1.96), 2.522 (1.35), 2.532 (0.88), 2.539 (1.19), 2.552 (0.55), 2.562 (0.54), 2.728 (5.18), 2.887 (6.37), 3.185 (0.54), 3.200 (0.63), 3.219 (0.93), 3.238 (0.68), 3.276 (1.00), 3.294 (1.68), 3.327 (2.36), 3.346 (2.48), 3.360 (2.50), 3.386 (1.85), 3.490 (0.41), 3.503 (0.43), 3.507 (0.43), 3.643 (0.58), 3.720 (10.29), 3.742 (0.41), 3.822 (0.97), 4.170 (1.34), 4.186 (2.44), 4.201 (1.47), 4.386 (0.45), 5.758 (5.00), 6.880 (1.28), 6.899 (1.33), 7.183 (2.19), 7.204 (2.33), 7.362 (0.94), 7.382 (1.85), 7.402 (1.43), 7.442 (2.00), 7.463 (1.08), 7.487 (0.44), 7.500 (1.08), 7.504 (1.04), 7.509 (1.24), 7.517 (2.32), 7.524 (1.25), 7.528 (1.13), 7.533 (1.18), 7.546 (0.46), 7.686 (1.93), 7.708 (1.72), 7.851 (1.12), 7.859 (0.62), 7.869 (1.02), 7.875 (0.93), 7.950 (0.84), 8.215 (0.93), 8.221 (0.89), 8.239 (0.93).

The title compound (50 mg, 46% purity) was further purified by HPLC and separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (4 mg, see Example 72) and enantiomer 2 (4 mg, see Example 73).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: PrepCon Labomatic HPLC, Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1% trifluoroacetic acid; Eluent B: e-propanol; isokratic: 80% A+20% B; Flow 40 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; UV 254 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Waters Alliance 2695; Column: Chiralpak IG 3 μm 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1% trifluoroacetic acid; Eluent B: 2-propanol; Isokratic: 80% A+20% B; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 254 nm

Example 72 4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid—Enantiomer 1

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 71. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 71) gave the title compound (4 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 71): R_(t)=1.43 min.

Example 73 4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid—Enantiomer 2

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 71. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 71) gave the title compound (4 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 71): R_(t)=2.29 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.832 (0.79), 0.850 (1.01), 1.052 (0.54), 1.107 (0.89), 1.137 (8.43), 1.155 (16.00), 1.173 (8.88), 1.231 (5.19), 1.255 (2.28), 1.295 (1.98), 1.406 (1.16), 1.705 (0.79), 1.837 (9.13), 1.907 (0.52), 2.044 (0.47), 2.062 (0.49), 2.083 (1.04), 2.095 (0.74), 2.116 (0.49), 2.159 (1.88), 2.177 (2.87), 2.194 (2.10), 2.327 (1.56), 2.669 (1.58), 2.692 (0.47), 2.884 (0.67), 2.902 (2.30), 2.920 (3.24), 2.933 (3.26), 2.950 (2.35), 2.969 (0.77), 3.190 (0.47), 3.209 (0.82), 3.224 (1.01), 3.242 (1.43), 3.261 (0.79), 3.290 (0.84), 3.308 (1.53), 3.326 (1.06), 3.343 (1.01), 3.386 (1.21), 3.412 (1.11), 3.572 (0.47), 3.744 (4.62), 4.179 (3.02), 4.194 (5.39), 4.210 (3.26), 4.394 (1.51), 6.888 (2.70), 6.906 (2.97), 7.211 (2.47), 7.233 (2.72), 7.370 (1.63), 7.390 (3.44), 7.409 (2.62), 7.448 (3.96), 7.469 (2.23), 7.492 (0.91), 7.505 (2.10), 7.509 (2.15), 7.514 (2.42), 7.522 (4.40), 7.529 (2.62), 7.534 (2.50), 7.538 (2.47), 7.551 (1.06), 7.731 (1.24), 7.752 (1.19), 7.856 (2.30), 7.874 (2.03), 7.879 (2.03), 8.218 (2.30), 8.223 (2.37), 8.241 (2.45).

Example 74 (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 144, 160 mg) was dissolved in 4.2 mL THF and 3.8 mL ethanol and treated with the lithium hydroxide solution (5.8 mL, 1.0 M in water, 5.8 mmol). It was stirred at 60° C. under nitrogen atmosphere over night. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of acetic acid (330 μL, 5.8 mmol). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution followed by brine, the organic layer was filtered through a silicone coated filter and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by HPLC to provide the target compound in 98% purity: 45 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.92 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=590 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.13-1.34 (m, 3H), 1.36-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.73 (br dd, 1H), 1.82 (s, 3H), 2.16 (quin, 2H), 2.42-2.46 (m, 3H), 3.12-3.23 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.32 (m, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 4.12-4.25 (m, 3H), 4.33-4.46 (m, 1H), 6.87 (dd, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 7.33-7.49 (m, 3H), 7.60-7.72 (m, 2H), 8.26 (dd, 1H).

The title compound (45 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (21 mg, see Example 75) and enantiomer 2 (22 mg, see Example 76).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, Column: Chiralpak IG 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 20 min; Flow 40.0 mL/min; UV 254 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; Column: Chiralpak IG 3μ 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 7 min; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 254 nm

Example 75 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt—Enantiomer 1

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 74. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 74) gave the title compound (21 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 74): R_(t)=1.35 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.19-1.34 (m, 3H), 1.36-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.82 (s, 3H), 2.10-2.19 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.16-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.91-4.04 (m, 1H), 4.16 (t, 2H), 4.49 (ddd, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H), 7.07 (d, 1H), 7.33-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 8.27 (dd, 1H).—as diethylamine-salt (88%), contains dichloromethane.

Example 76 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt—Enantiomer 2

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 74. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 74) gave the title compound (22 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 74): Rt=3.89 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.18-1.33 (m, 3H), 1.36-1.47 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.82 (s, 3H), 2.09-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.17-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.37-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.92-4.05 (m, 1H), 4.16 (t, 2H), 4.50 (ddd, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H), 7.07 (d, 1H), 7.32-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 8.27 (dd, 1H).—as diethylamine (97%), contains dichloromethane and ethanol.

Example 77 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 150, 97.0 mg) was dissolved in 2.5 mL THF and 2.2 mL ethanol and treated with the lithium hydroxide-solution (3.5 mL, 1.0 M in water, 3.5 mmol). It was stirred at 60° C. under nitrogen atmosphere over night. The pH was adjusted to 5 by addition of acetic acid (200 μL, 3.5 mmol). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution followed by brine. The organic layer was filtered through a silicone coated filter and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by HPLC to provide the target compound in 99% purity: 28 mg

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.00 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=603 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.82 (t, 3H), 1.09-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.50 (br dd, 1H), 1.62-1.77 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.29 (m, 4H), 2.53-2.60 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.28 (m, 5H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 4.05-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.19 (t, 2H), 4.41 (ddd, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 7.31-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.61-7.75 (m, 2H), 8.26 (dd, 1H), 13.16 (br s, 1H).

The title compound (24 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (1 mg, see Example 78) and enantiomer 2 (4 mg, see Example 79).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, Column: Amylose SA 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: 2-Propanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 20 min; Flow 40.0 mL/min; UV 254 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; Column: Amylose SA 3μ 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: 2-Propanol; Gradient: 20-50% B in 7 min; Flow 1.4 mILmin; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 254 nm.

Example 78 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine Salt—Enantiomer 1

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 77. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 77) gave the title compound (1 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 77): R_(t)=1.56 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.84 (t, 3H), 1.10-1.25 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.47 (br d, 1H), 1.71 (br d, 1H), 2.10-2.26 (m, 4H), 2.55 (br s, 2H), 3.08-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.19-3.34 (m, 3H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.95 (dt, 1H), 4.17 (br t, 2H), 4.52 (ddd, 1H), 6.83 (dd, 1H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 7.34-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.64 (dd, 1H), 8.26 (dd, 1H).—2H not detectable, as diethylamine salt (85%)

Example 79 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid N-ethylethanamine Salt—Enantiomer 2

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 77. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 77) gave the title compound (4 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 77): R_(t)=2.68 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=0.84 (t, 3H), 1.08-1.23 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.57 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.79 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.27 (m, 4H), 2.51-2.57 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.33 (m, 4H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.89-4.01 (m, 1H), 4.17 (t, 2H), 4.53 (ddd, 1H), 6.83 (dd, 1H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 7.30-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.64 (dd, 1H), 8.26 (dd, 1H).—2H not detectable, as diethylamine salt (85%).

Example 80 (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 155, 130 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of 940 μL THF and of 1.9 mL ethanol, lithium hydroxide (360 μL, 1.0 M in water, 360 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. over night. Again lithium hydroxide (360 μL, 1.0 M in water, 360 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. over night. The reaction mixture was combined with a further reaction mixture of a another batch (12 mg of Intermediate 155) concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and treated with water and acetic acid. It was stirred for a few minutes, the organic layer was filtered through a silicone coated filter and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by HPLC chromatography under basic conditions to give 102 mg of the title compound (99% purity).

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=1.01 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=701 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=0.78-0.96 (m, 5H), 1.06-1.21 (m, 4H), 1.22-1.46 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.89 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.31 (m, 4H), 2.53-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.76-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.97 (td, 1H), 3.16-3.28 (m, 3H), 3.44 (br d, 1H), 3.56 (br dd, 1H), 3.63 (br dd, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 4.04-4.24 (m, 3H), 4.29-4.43 (m, 1H), 6.85 (dd, 1H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 7.34-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.62-7.74 (m, 2H), 8.29 (dd, 1H).—contains traces of DMF and dichloromethane.

The title compound (100 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (46 mg, see Example 81) and enantiomer 2 (52 mg, see Example 82).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Labomatic HD5000, Labocord-5000; Gilson GX-241, Labcol Vario 4000, Column: Chiralpak IG 5μ 250×30 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Isokratic: 25% B in 15 min; Flow 50.0 mL/min; UV 254 nm

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent HPLC 1260; Column: Chiralpak IG 3μ 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: Hexane+0.1 Vol-% Diethylamine (99%); Eluent B: Ethanol; Isokratic: 25% B in 7 min; Flow 1.4 mL/min; Temperature: 25° C.; DAD 254 nm

Example 81 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid N-ethylethanamine Salt—Enantiomer 1

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 80. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 80) gave the title compound (46 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 80): R_(t)=1.32 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.697 (0.51), 0.748 (0.96), 0.766 (0.96), 0.791 (0.58), 0.810 (0.87), 0.822 (3.96), 0.841 (8.32), 0.860 (4.34), 0.877 (1.57), 0.896 (0.94), 0.929 (0.47), 0.967 (1.34), 0.994 (0.47), 1.009 (0.47), 1.088 (1.52), 1.107 (2.48), 1.134 (7.50), 1.144 (3.58), 1.152 (15.69), 1.170 (7.56), 1.208 (1.23), 1.232 (1.92), 1.271 (1.68), 1.305 (1.86), 1.388 (0.87), 1.394 (0.81), 1.646 (0.47), 1.670 (0.51), 1.835 (0.45), 2.149 (0.98), 2.167 (1.48), 2.178 (1.61), 2.197 (1.59), 2.216 (1.37), 2.235 (1.28), 2.254 (1.14), 2.271 (0.81), 2.290 (0.47), 2.318 (0.49), 2.322 (1.05), 2.326 (1.43), 2.332 (1.01), 2.336 (0.47), 2.518 (5.77), 2.522 (3.92), 2.560 (0.98), 2.589 (0.47), 2.638 (0.43), 2.651 (0.67), 2.660 (0.83), 2.664 (1.43), 2.668 (1.88), 2.673 (1.54), 2.801 (0.69), 2.822 (1.01), 2.826 (0.98), 2.834 (0.60), 2.856 (2.69), 2.874 (4.54), 2.885 (0.92), 2.893 (4.34), 2.911 (1.32), 2.937 (0.58), 2.942 (0.72), 2.966 (1.16), 2.971 (1.19), 2.995 (0.74), 3.000 (0.58), 3.130 (0.43), 3.147 (0.58), 3.163 (0.78), 3.193 (0.58), 3.212 (0.96), 3.230 (0.72), 3.247 (0.67), 3.416 (1.01), 3.445 (0.85), 3.537 (0.76), 3.544 (0.78), 3.565 (0.74), 3.573 (0.76), 3.596 (0.76), 3.603 (0.76), 3.628 (0.72), 3.749 (16.00), 3.988 (0.47), 4.159 (0.98), 4.168 (1.79), 4.173 (1.79), 4.183 (0.98), 4.416 (0.51), 6.831 (1.32), 6.836 (1.37), 6.846 (1.25), 6.852 (1.41), 7.107 (1.63), 7.128 (1.72), 7.355 (0.87), 7.362 (1.01), 7.377 (1.39), 7.384 (1.54), 7.391 (0.65), 7.400 (0.98), 7.406 (1.25), 7.412 (2.26), 7.424 (2.80), 7.428 (5.17), 7.444 (0.51), 7.584 (1.10), 7.606 (1.01), 7.635 (1.59), 7.641 (1.61), 7.661 (1.57), 7.667 (1.54), 8.266 (1.37), 8.281 (1.43), 8.289 (1.39), 8.304 (1.32).

Example 82 4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid N-ethylethanamine Salt—Enantiomer 2

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 80. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 80) gave the title compound (52 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 80): R_(t)=3.42 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.696 (0.91), 0.747 (0.91), 0.766 (0.89), 0.823 (4.07), 0.842 (8.36), 0.860 (4.19), 0.899 (0.87), 0.967 (1.30), 0.994 (0.49), 1.009 (0.43), 1.088 (1.72), 1.108 (2.68), 1.137 (7.59), 1.144 (4.07), 1.155 (14.40), 1.173 (7.09), 1.208 (1.10), 1.231 (2.47), 1.269 (1.89), 1.304 (2.06), 1.389 (0.87), 1.668 (0.64), 1.839 (0.49), 2.150 (1.14), 2.167 (1.66), 2.178 (1.75), 2.197 (1.67), 2.215 (1.43), 2.233 (1.33), 2.252 (1.24), 2.271 (0.83), 2.289 (0.51), 2.322 (0.74), 2.326 (0.97), 2.331 (0.72), 2.460 (0.46), 2.465 (0.64), 2.470 (0.81), 2.518 (3.99), 2.522 (2.82), 2.532 (0.86), 2.537 (0.63), 2.541 (0.51), 2.557 (1.09), 2.586 (0.52), 2.651 (0.78), 2.665 (1.18), 2.669 (1.50), 2.782 (0.43), 2.801 (0.78), 2.821 (1.10), 2.855 (2.75), 2.873 (4.19), 2.891 (3.94), 2.909 (1.24), 2.941 (0.75), 2.965 (1.30), 2.970 (1.27), 2.994 (0.80), 3.128 (0.51), 3.144 (0.67), 3.162 (0.94), 3.193 (0.67), 3.212 (1.12), 3.229 (0.87), 3.247 (0.83), 3.415 (1.23), 3.444 (1.03), 3.535 (0.89), 3.544 (0.89), 3.564 (0.84), 3.572 (0.86), 3.602 (0.86), 3.623 (0.78), 3.749 (16.00), 3.985 (0.57), 4.167 (1.93), 4.172 (1.92), 4.426 (0.60), 6.828 (1.33), 6.834 (1.38), 6.844 (1.33), 6.849 (1.40), 7.103 (2.09), 7.124 (2.19), 7.353 (0.83), 7.360 (0.92), 7.376 (1.44), 7.382 (1.58), 7.388 (0.74), 7.398 (1.01), 7.410 (2.30), 7.426 (5.06), 7.442 (0.61), 7.579 (1.50), 7.600 (1.33), 7.634 (1.58), 7.640 (1.63), 7.660 (1.58), 7.666 (1.58), 8.266 (1.32), 8.280 (1.43), 8.289 (1.37), 8.303 (1.29).

Example 83 (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid

(rac)-Ethyl 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylate (see Intermediate 159, 136 mg) was dissolved in 3.7 mL THF and 3.3 mL ethanol and aqueous lithiumhydroxyde solution (5.1 mL, 1.0 M, 5.1 mmol) and stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 60° C. over the weekend. The pH was adjusted with the addition of acetic acid (290 μL, 5.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane and water twice. The combined organic layers were dried with a silicon coated filter, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by HPLC to provide the analytically pure target compound: 81 mg.

LC-MS (Method 2): R_(t)=0.94 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=577 [M+H]⁺

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.29-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.52-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.86 (s, 3H), 1.89-1.99 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.25 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.29 (m, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.86 (t, 1H), 4.18 (t, 2H), 4.21-4.32 (m, 1H), 4.41-4.53 (m, 1H), 4.67 (br d, 1H), 6.80-6.92 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, 1H), 7.35 (td, 1H), 7.40-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 8.18 (dd, 1H), 12.57-13.87 (m, 1H).—contains acetone.

The title compound (70 mg) was separated into enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC to give enantiomer 1 (31 mg, see Example 84) and enantiomer 2 (4 mg, see Example 85).

Preparative Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Sepiatec: Prep SFC100; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 250×20 mm; Eluent A carbon dioxide, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 25% B; Flow 80.0 mL/min Temperature: 40° C.; BPR: 150 bar; MWD @ 254 nm.

Analytical Chiral HPLC Method:

Instrument: Agilent: 1260, Aurora SFC-Modul; Column: Chiralpak IG 5 μm 100×4.6 mm; Eluent A: carbon dioxide, Eluent B: Ethanol+0.2 Vol-% ammonia (32%); Isokratic: 25% B; Flow 4.0 mL/min; Temperature: 37.5° C.; BPR: 100 bar; MWD @ 254 nm.

Example 84 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid—Enantiomer 1

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 83. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 83) gave the title compound (31 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 83): R_(t)=1.63 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.21-1.28 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.53-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.86 (s, 3H), 1.92 (br d, 1H), 2.09-2.24 (m, 2H), 3.14-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.86 (br t, 1H), 4.11-4.31 (m, 3H), 4.39-4.54 (m, 1H), 4.67 (br d, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H), 7.17 (d, 1H), 7.35 (td, 1H), 7.39-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.69 (d, 1H), 8.18 (dd, 1H).

Example 85 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic Acid—Enantiomer 2

For the preparation of the racemic title compound see Example 83. Separation of enantiomers by preparative chiral HPLC (method see Example 83) gave the title compound (32 mg).

Analytical Chiral HPLC (method see Example 83): R_(t)=2.64 min.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ [ppm]=1.21-1.29 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.51-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.86 (s, 3H), 1.88-2.01 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.25 (m, 2H), 3.14-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.86 (t, 1H), 4.13-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.22-4.34 (m, 1H), 4.40-4.54 (m, 1H), 4.67 (br d, 1H), 6.86 (dd, 1H), 7.17 (d, 1H), 7.35 (td, 1H), 7.40-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.76 (m, 2H), 8.19 (dd, 1H).

Experimental Section—Biological Assays

Examples were tested in selected biological assays one or more times. When tested more than once, data are reported as either average values, median values or as geometric mean values, wherein

-   -   the average value, also referred to as the arithmetic mean         value, represents the sum of the values obtained divided by the         number of times tested,     -   the median value represents the middle number of the group of         values when ranked in ascending or descending order. If the         number of values in the data set is odd, the median is the         middle value. If the number of values in the data set is even,         the median is the arithmetic mean of the two middle values, and     -   the geometric mean value represents the nth root of the product         of n numbers.

Examples were synthesized one or more times. When synthesized more than once, data from biological assays represent average values or median values calculated utilizing data sets obtained from testing of one or more synthetic batch.

An empty field in any of the following tables means that the respective compound has not been tested in that Assay.

The in vitro activity of the compounds of the present invention can be demonstrated in the following assays.

Assay 1

Protein-Protein Interaction Assay: MCL-1/Noxa BH3 Peptide (MCL-1 Assay)

The dose-dependent inhibition by the compounds described in this invention of the interaction between MCL-1 and the BH3 domain of Noxa (both human) was determined using a steady state binding competition assay with time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) readout. For that purpose MCL-1 (amino acids 173-321, N-terminal fused to Maltose Binding Protein (MBP) SEQ ID 1) and a synthetic Noxa BH3-derived peptide of sequence Biotin-PEG2-PEG2-PAELEVE-Nva-ATQLRRFGDKLNFRQKLL-amide (SEQ ID 2) served as protein receptor and tracer ligand respectively. The MBP-MCL-1 was purchased from Beryllium (Bedford, Mass., USA). The expression and purification of this protein construct has been described elsewhere (DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0125010). The Noxa BH3-derived peptide can be obtained from e.g. Biosyntan (Berlin, Germany).

In the assay 11 different concentrations of each compound (0.1 nM, 0.33 nM, 1.1 nM, 3.8 nM, 13 nM, 44 nM, 0.15 μM, 0.51 μM, 1.7 μM, 5.9 μM and 20 μM) were typically measured as duplicates in the same microtiter plate. For that, 100-fold concentrated DMSO solutions were prepared by serial dilutions (1:3.4) of a 2 mM stock solution in a clear, 384-well microtiter plate (Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany). From there, 50 nl were transferred in a dark test plate (Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany). The assay was initiated by addition of 2 μL of a 2.5-fold concentrated MBP-MCL-1 solution (usually for a 1 nM end concentration in 5 μL reaction volume) in aqueous assay buffer [50 mM Tris/HCl pH 7, 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), 50 mM potassium fluoride (KF), 0.005% Tween-20, 2 mM DTT, 0.1% bovine gamma globulin (BGG)] to the compounds in the assay plate. This was followed by a 10-minute incubation step at 22° C. for pre-equilibration of the putative complex between MBP-MCL-1 and the compounds. After that, 3 μL of a 1.67-fold concentrated solution (in assay buffer) consisting of Noxa BH3-derived peptide (1 nM end concentration) and TR-FRET detection reagents [1.67 nM anti-MBP-Eu cryptate and 1.67 nM streptavidin-XL665 (both from Cisbio Bioassays, Codolet, France)□, were added.

The mixture was incubated in the dark for one hour at 22° C. and then overnight at 4° C. The formation of MCL-1/Noxa complexes was determined by measuring the resonance energy transfer of the anti-MBP-Eu-cryptate antibody to the streptavidin-XL665 present in the reaction. For that purpose, the fluorescence emission at 620 nm and 665 nm after excitation at 330-350 nm was measured in a TR-FRET measuring instrument, for instance a Rubystar or a Pherastar (both from BMG Lab Technologies, Offenburg, Germany) or a Viewlux (Perkin-Elmer). The ratio of the emission at 665 nm and at 622 nm was used as indicator of the amount of MCL-1/NOXA complexes present.

The resulting data (ratio) were normalized, taking 0% inhibition as the mean value of control measurements (usually 32 data points) where all reagents were included. In this case 50 nl DMSO were used instead of compounds. A 100% inhibition corresponded to the mean value of control measurements (usually 32 data points) where all reagents except MCL-1 were included. IC₅₀ values were determined by regression analysis based on a 4 parameter equation (minimum, maximum, IC₅₀, Hill; Y=Max+(Min−Max)/(1+(X/IC₅₀){circumflex over ( )}Hill) using the Screener Software (Genedata).

SEQ ID 1: GKIEEGKLVIWINGDKGYNGLAEVGKKFEKDTGIKVTVEHPDKLEEKF PQVAATGDGPDIIFWAHDRFGGYAQSGLLAEITPDKAFQDKLYPFTWD AVRYNGKLIAYPIAVEALSLIYNKDLLPNPPKTWEEIPALDKELKAKG KSALMFNLQEPYFTWPLIAADGGYAFKYENGKYDIKDVGVDNAGAKAG LTFLVDLIKNKHMNADTDYSIAEAAFNKGETAMTINGPWAWSNIDTSK VNYGVTVLPTFKGQPSKPFVGVLSAGINAASPNKELAKEFLENYLLTD EGLEAVNKDKPLGAVALKSYEEELAKDPRIAATMENAQKGEIMPNIPQ MSAFWYAVRTAVINAASGRQTVDEALKDAQTGSSELYRQSLEIISRYL REQATGAADTAPMGASGATSRKALETLRRVGDGVQRNHETAFQGMLRK LDIKNEDDVKSLSRVMIHVFSDGVTNWGRIVTLISFGAFVAKHLKTIN QESCIEPLAESITDVLVRTKRDWLVKQRGWDGFVEFFHV SEQ ID 2 Biotin-PEG2-PEG2-PAELEVE-Nva-ATQLRRFGDKLNFRQKLL- amide Assay 2 Protein-Protein Interaction Assay: BCL-XL/Bad BH3 Peptide (BCL-XL Assay)

The dose-dependent inhibition by the compounds described in this invention of the interaction between BCL-XL and the BH3 domain of Bad (both human) was determined using a steady state binding competition assay with time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) readout. For that purpose BCL-XL (amino acids 1-212, C-terminal fused to a hexahistidine (6×His) tag (SEQ ID 3) and a synthetic Bad BH3-derived peptide of sequence Biotin-PEG2-PEG2-NLWAAQRYGRELRR-Nle-SDEFVDSFKK-amide (SEQ ID 4) served as protein receptor and tracer ligand respectively. The recombinant BCL-XL protein (expressed in E. coli) was purchased from BPS Bioscience (San Diego, Calif., USA). The Bad BH3-derived peptide can be obtained from e.g. Biosyntan (Berlin, Germany).

In the assay 11 different concentrations of each compound (0.1 nM, 0.33 nM, 1.1 nM, 3.8 nM, 13 nM, 44 nM, 0.15 μM, 0.51 μM, 1.7 μM, 5.9 μM and 20 μM) were typically measured as duplicates in the same microtiter plate. For that, 100-fold concentrated DMSO solutions were prepared by serial dilutions (1:3.4) of a 2 mM stock solution in a clear, 384-well microtiter plate (Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany). From there, 50 nl were transferred in a dark test plate (Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany). The assay was initiated by addition of 2 μL of a 2.5-fold concentrated His-BCL-XL solution (usually for a 1 nM end concentration in 5 μL reaction volume) in aqueous assay buffer [50 mM Tris/HCl pH 7, 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), 50 mM potassium fluoride (KF), 0.005% Tween-20, 2 mM DTT, 0.1% bovine gamma globulin (BGG)] to the compounds in the assay plate. This was followed by a 10-minute incubation step at 22° C. for pre-equilibration of the putative complex between His-BCL-XL and the compounds. After that, 3 μL of a 1.67-fold concentrated solution (in assay buffer) consisting of Bad BH3-derived peptide (1 nM end concentration) and TR-FRET detection reagents [1.67 nM anti-His-Eu cryptate and 1.67 nM streptavidin-XL665 (both from Cisbio Bioassays, Codolet, France)□, were added.

The mixture was incubated in the dark for one hour at 22° C. and then overnight at 4° C. The formation of BCL-XL/Bad complexes was determined by measuring the resonance energy transfer of the anti-His- Eu-cryptate antibody to the streptavidin-XL665 present in the reaction. For that purpose, the fluorescence emission at 620 nm and 665 nm after excitation at 330-350 nm was measured in a TR-FRET measuring instrument, for instance a Rubystar or a Pherastar (both from BMG Lab Technologies, Offenburg, Germany) or a Viewlux (Perkin-Elmer). The ratio of the emission at 665 nm and at 622 nm was used as indicator of the amount of BCL-XL/Bad complexes present.

The resulting data (ratio) were normalized, taking 0% inhibition as the mean value of control measurements (usually 32 data points) where all reagents were included. In this case 50 nl DMSO were used instead of compounds. A 100% inhibition corresponded to the mean value of control measurements (usually 32 data points) where all reagents except BCL-XL were included. IC₅₀ values were determined by regression analysis based on a 4 parameter equation (minimum, maximum, IC₅₀, Hill; Y=Max+(Min−Max)/(1+(X/IC₅₀){circumflex over ( )}Hill) using the Screener Software (Genedata).

SEQ ID 3 msqsnrelw dflsyklsqk gyswsqfsdv eenrteapeg  tesemetpsa ingnpswhla dspavngatg hsssldarev ipmaavkqal reagdefelr yrrafsdlts qlhitpgtay  qsfeqwnel frdgvnwgri vaffsfggal cvesvdkemq vlvsnaawm atylndhlep wiqenggwdt fvelygnnaa  aesrkgqerf nr SEQ ID 4 Biotin-PEG2-PEG2-NLWAAQRYGRELRR-Nle-SDEFVDSFKK- amide Assay 3 Protein-Protein Interaction Assay: BCL-2/Bad BH3 Peptide (BCL-2 Assay)

The dose-dependent inhibition by the compounds described in this invention of the interaction between BCL-2 and the BH3 domain of Bad (both human) was determined using a steady state binding competition assay with time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) readout. For that purpose BCL-2 (amino acids 1-211, C-terminal fused to a hexahistidine (6×His) tag (SEQ ID 5) and a synthetic Bad BH3-derived peptide of sequence Biotin-PEG2-PEG2-NLWAAQRYGRELRR-Nle-SDEFVDSFKK-amide (SEQ ID 4) served as protein receptor and tracer ligand respectively. The recombinant BCL-2 protein (expressed in E. coli) was purchased from BPS Bioscience (San Diego, Calif., USA). The Bad BH3-derived peptide can be obtained from e.g. Biosyntan (Berlin, Germany).

In the assay 11 different concentrations of each compound (0.1 nM, 0.33 nM, 1.1 nM, 3.8 nM, 13 nM, 44 nM, 0.15 μM, 0.51 μM, 1.7 μM, 5.9 μM and 20 μM) were typically measured as duplicates in the same microtiter plate. For that, 100-fold concentrated DMSO solutions were prepared by serial dilutions (1:3.4) of a 2 mM stock solution in a clear, 384-well microtiter plate (Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany). From there, 50 nl were transferred in a dark test plate (Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany). The assay was initiated by addition of 2 μL of a 2.5-fold concentrated His-BCL-2 solution (usually for a 1 nM end concentration in 5 μL reaction volume) in aqueous assay buffer [50 mM Tris/HCl pH 7, 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), 50 mM potassium fluoride (KF), 0.005% Tween-20, 2 mM DTT, 0.1% bovine gamma globulin (BGG)] to the compounds in the assay plate. This was followed by a 10-minute incubation step at 22° C. for pre-equilibration of the putative complex between His-BCL-2 and the compounds. After that, 3 μL of a 1.67-fold concentrated solution (in assay buffer) consisting of Bad BH3-derived peptide (1 nM end concentration) and TR-FRET detection reagents [1.67 nM anti-His-Eu cryptate and 1.67 nM streptavidin-XL665 (both from Cisbio Bioassays, Codolet, France)□, were added.

The mixture was incubated in the dark for one hour at 22° C. and then overnight at 4° C. The formation of BCL-2/Bad complexes was determined by measuring the resonance energy transfer of the anti-His-Eu-cryptate antibody to the streptavidin-XL665 present in the reaction. For that purpose, the fluorescence emission at 620 nm and 665 nm after excitation at 330-350 nm was measured in a TR-FRET measuring instrument, for instance a Rubystar or a Pherastar (both from BMG Lab Technologies, Offenburg, Germany) or a Viewlux (Perkin-Elmer). The ratio of the emission at 665 nm and at 622 nm was used as indicator of the amount of BCL-2/Bad complexes present.

The resulting data (ratio) were normalized, taking 0% inhibition as the mean value of control measurements (usually 32 data points) where all reagents were included. In this case 50 nl DMSO were used instead of compounds. A 100% inhibition corresponded to the mean value of control measurements (usually 32 data points) where all reagents except BCL-2 were included. IC₅₀ values were determined by regression analysis based on a 4 parameter equation (minimum, maximum, IC₅₀, Hill; Y=Max+(Min−Max)/(1+(X/IC₅₀){circumflex over ( )}Hill) using the Screener Software (Genedata).

SEQ ID 5:

mahagrtdyd nreivmkyih yklsqrgyew dagdvgaapp gaapapgifs sqpghtphpa asrdpvarts plqtaapga aagpalspvp pvvhltlrqa gddfsrryrr dfaemssqlh ltpftargrf atvveelfrd gvnqgrivaf fefggvmcve svnremsplv dnialwmtey lnrhlhteiq dnggwdafve lygpsmrplf d

TABLE 2 IC₅₀ values of selected examples in biochemical MCL-1 assay (Assay 1), biochemical BCL-2 (Assay 3) and BCL-XL Assay (Assay 2) MCL-1 BCL-2 BCL-XL Assay Assay Assay [M] [M] [M] Example (median) (median) (median) 1 6.1E−9 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 2 1.6E−9 3 1.1E−9 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 4 3.8E−8 5 1.2E−9 6  6.0E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 7 3.3E−8 8  8.9E−10 9  4.7E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 10 1.2E−8 11 1.1E−9 12  5.2E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 13 2.6E−8 14 1.0E−9 15  4.9E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 16  6.6E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 17 5.2E−9 18 1.3E−9 >2.00E−5  >2.00E−05 1.87E−5 2.02E−5 19  8.5E−10 20  5.9E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 21 8.9E−9 22 1.5E−9 23  4.5E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 24 1.5E−8 25 1.2E−9 26  6.9E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 27 1.8E−8 28 1.3E−9 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 29 1.5E−9 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 30  9.2E−10 31  7.1E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 32 2.6E−8 33 1.7E−9 34  5.9E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 35 2.2E−8 36  9.4E−10 37  7.8E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 38 1.6E−8 39  7.9E−10 40 1.3E−9 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 41 1.2E−8 42 4.0E−9 43 1.4E−9 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 44 4.1E−8 45 1.3E−9 46  7.1E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 47 4.4E−8 48 1.7E−9 49  7.5E−10 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 50 1.5E−8 51 3.3E−9 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 52  8.7E−10 53 2.1E−8 54 1.3E−9 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 55 2.3E−9 1.88E−5 >2.00E−05 56  8.2E−10 57 2.3E−8 58 1.5E−9 >2.00E−05 >2.00E−05 59 1.5E−9 60 5.0E−8 61 2.4E−9 62 2.7E−9 63 1.5E−9 64 4.9E−9 65  9.2E−10 66 1.7E−9 67 68 69 3.5E−7 70 4.3E−8 71 2.2E−9 >2.0E−5 >2.0E−5 72  9.6E−10 73 1.6E−8 >2.0E−5 >2.0E−5 74 1.3E−9  1.9E−5 >2.0E−5 75  7.0E−10  1.9E−5 >2.0E−5 76 7.9E−9 >2.0E−5 >2.0E−5 77 1.1E−9  1.7E−5 >2.0E−5 78 2.1E−9 >2.0E−5 >2.0E−5 79 6.4E−9 >2.0E−5 >2.0E−5 80 2.0E−9 81 1.1E−9 82 1.4E−7 83 4.5E−9 84 1.9E−9 85 5.3E−8

One aspect of the invention are compounds of formula (I) having an IC₅₀ in the MCL-1 Assay which is 1 E-9 or less.

Cellular Assays

Assay 4

Induction of Caspase-3/7 Activity Upon Treatment of Cells with Selected Compounds

The BH3-domain of MCL-1 sequesters pro-apoptotic proteins, thereby inhibiting apoptosis. In contrast, MCL-1 inhibitors are expected to antagonize this effect leading to an increase in apoptosis, which can be determined by measuring the activity of caspase-3/7.

The activity of caspase-3/7 was determined in DLBCL (Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) cell lines (SUDHL5 and SUDHL10) upon treatment with different compounds, using the Caspase-Glo®3/7 reagent from Promega (G8092).

The different cell lines were plated in culture medium (RPMI 1640 [GIBCO #22400-089]supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum) at a density of 3,300 cells in 30 μL/well in a sterile, solid black, flat bottom, polystyrene, TC-treated 384-well microplate (Corning #3571) using Multidrop Combi Reagent Dispenser. As a control, medium without cells was also added to the plate. Cells were incubated in a humidified incubator at 37° C. overnight.

On the next day, the cells were treated with compounds (stock solution, 10 mM in DMSO) using the HP D300 Digital Dispenser in a concentration range of 3.3×10e-5 M (33 μM) to 5×10e-9 M (5 nM) in a single-dot curve with at least 16 dilutions and a DMSO concentration of 0.33%. Rim wells were excluded. The cells were incubated for 3 hours in a humidified incubator at 37° C. After this incubation, 30 μL of Caspase-Glo® 3/7 reagent (Promega G8092) was added to each well using the Multidrop Combi Reagent Dispenser, followed by 1 hour incubation at 37° C. Finally, luminescence was read at 0.1 ms, with a gain of 3000 using the PHERAstar FS microplate reader (BMG Labtech).

For the evaluation of the results, the background measured with “medium-only” was subtracted from all other values. Then, the values were normalized to DMSO-only treated cells (every value was divided by the mean of the DMSO control). The Bella DRC Master Sheet was used to calculate EC₅₀S, with fixed C0=1 and CI=plateau/max induction for the reference compound.

TABLE 3 EC₅₀ values of selected examples in cellular caspase induction assay (Assay 4) Caspase Caspase SUDHL5 SUDHL10 [M] [M] Example (median) (median) 1 2.9E−6 5.5E−6 2 9.5E−7 3.8E−6 3 7.1E−7 1.6E−6 4 >2.8E−5  >3.3E−5  5 2.7E−7 6.1E−7 6 1.3E−7 3.4E−7 7 1.1E−5 1.6E−5 8 2.9E−7 3.6E−7 9 2.7E−7 3.3E−7 10 6.6E−6 1.4E−5 11 1.4E−7 2.6E−7 12 6.4E−8 9.7E−8 13 1.0E−5  >3.3E−5 ^(#)   2.1E−5 ^(#)   1.5E−5 ^(#)   3.2E−5 ^(#) 14 2.5E−7 4.1E−7 15 1.5E−7 1.5E−7 16 1.5E−7 3.8E−7 17 3.6E−6 5.2E−6 18 1.1E−6 1.3E−6 19 3.4E−7 3.2E−7 20 1.4E−7 3.9E−7 21 4.6E−6 1.5E−5 22 1.4E−7 2.7E−7 23 9.2E−8 1.8E−7 24 4.5E−6 1.0E−5 25 3.9E−7 1.2E−6 26 3.5E−7 4.1E−7 27 1.6E−5 2.3E−5 28 2.9E−6 5.8E−6 29 1.2E−6 3.7E−6 30 1.8E−7 3.7E−7 31 5.5E−8 6.5E−8 32 1.1E−5 2.5E−5 33 6.7E−7 5.7E−6 34 3.8E−7 9.3E−7 35 7.6E−6 2.2E−5 36 3.0E−7 4.5E−7 37 1.7E−7 3.3E−7 38 5.4E−6 1.3E−5 39 2.0E−7 3.9E−7 40 1.4E−7 3.1E−7 41 2.8E−6 9.4E−6 42 5.4E−7 1.3E−6 43 6.2E−7 1.6E−6 44 9.4E−6 1.3E−5 45 2.9E−7 4.6E−7 46 1.6E−7 4.0E−7 47 1.1E−5 2.2E−5 48 5.9E−7 5.9E−7 49 5.2E−7 4.5E−7 50 1.3E−5 1.2E−5 51 8.0E−7 1.9E−6 52 3.7E−7 53 3.5E−6 54 6.0E−7 5.2E−7 55 5.1E−7 1.5E−6 56 6.9E−7 1.8E−6 57 7.6E−6 1.3E−5 58 3.3E−7 4.4E−7 59 2.4E−7 4.9E−7 60 9.0E−6 2.7E−5 61 3.3E−7 62 2.7E−7 63 1.4E−6 3.1E−6 64 1.8E−6 8.3E−6 65 4.1E−7 5.7E−7 66 5.5E−7 3.5E−6 67 68 69 >3.3E−5  2.2E−5 70 >3.3E−5  2.9E−5 71 6.9E−7 1.8E−6 72 7.0E−7 1.9E−6 73 1.5E−5 1.8E−5 74 7.1E−7 1.0E−6 75 3.3E−7 7.4E−7 76 3.2E−6 6.1E−6 77 4.8E−7 4.9E−7 78 4.0E−7 3.2E−7 79 2.8E−6 5.4E−6 80 4.0E−7 6.0E−7 81 2.2E−7 1.7E−7 82 2.4E−5 2.3E−5 83 6.1E−7 9.8E−7 84 1.0E−6 1.3E−6 85 9.7E−6 2.5E−5 ^(#) single value

A further aspect of the invention are compounds which show an EC₅₀<5×E-7 in the Caspase SUDHL5 assay.

Yet a further aspect of the invention are compounds which show an EC₅₀<4×E-7 in the Caspase SUDHL5 assay.

Yet a further aspect of the invention are compounds which show an EC₅₀<3×E-7 in the Caspase SUDHL5 assay.

Assay 5

PIxEL: Protein-Protein Interaction in Permeabilized Cells by ELISA

Most MCL1 protein molecules are localized at the mitochondria outer membrane and sequester pro-apoptotic proteins through binding of their BCL2 homology domain 3 (BH3 domain). MEB buffer (150 mM mannitol, 10 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 50 mM KCl, 20 μM EDTA, 20 μM EGTA, 5 mM potassium succinate, 0.1% protease-free BSA (SIGMA) with low dose digitonin (0.002%) permeabilizes plasma membrane while leaves live mitochondria, where MCL1 maintains its native localization and conformation. Unlike biophysical assays (e.g. TR-FRET) that use truncated recombinant MCL1 protein, this assay uses full length endogenous MCL1 protein at mitochondria outer membrane. It measures the interaction between MCL1 protein and biotinylated BIM BH3 peptide. Compounds can compete with BIM BH3 peptide to bind to MCL1 protein. This serum free assay measures the affinity between MCL1 protein and compound in permeabilized cells, therefore it is not affected by serum binding and cell permeability, and can measure the intrinsic compound affinity.

On day 1, RKO colon cancer cell line cells were plated at 0.8 million cells/ml, 100 μl/well in 96-well flat bottom TC plates (Corning). MCL1 antibody (Santa Cruz sc-12756) were diluted at 200 fold (final concentration 1 μg/ml) in carbonate buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, pH 9.6), and 50 μl of diluted antibody was added to each well of high bind ELISA plates (SARSTEDT). Each plate was tapped to make sure liquid covering entire bottom of wells and incubate at 37° C. overnight.

On the second day, MCL1 antibody was washed from ELISA plate. 250 μl Odyssey® Blocking Buffer (PBS) (Li-Cor) was added to each well, incubated at room temperature for at least 1 hour, then washed once with 250 μl 1×PBST. Plates with RKO cells were gently washed once with 100 μl/well PBS, once with 100 μl/well MEB buffer without digitonin, then 100 μl of MEB buffer with 0.002% digitonin was gently added to each well. Compounds were added with HP Tecan compound dispenser in 3-fold dilution series, highest dose 30 μM, 10-dose per compound in quadruplicates. Biotin-BIM peptide (synthesized by 21st Century) was added with HP Tecan compound dispenser at 0.2 μM immediately after the addition of compounds. Plates were rocked for 1 h at room temperature. Then MEB buffer was aspirated and 50 μl of CHAPS buffer (50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1% CHAPS, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, complete protease inhibitors (Roche), PhosSTOP (Roche)) was added to each well. Plates were rocked for 1 hour at 4° C., then 45 μl cell lysate from each well were transferred to ELISA plates coated with MCL1 antibody. Plates were incubated overnight in the cold room with rocking.

On the third day, ELISA plates were washed once with 250 μl 1×PBST. Streptavidin-poly-HRP (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was diluted to 20 ng/ml in Odyssey blocking buffer plus 0.05% Triton-100, and 100 μl was added to each well of the ELISA plate. Plates were incubated at RT for 1 hour with rocking, then washed with 100 μL 1×PBST for 3 times. Each SuperSignal ELISA Femto Maximum Sensitivity substrate was added to a 50-ml tube and mixed, then 100 μl of mixed substrate was added to each well. Plates were shaken for 1 minute then luminescence was measured by Envision plate reader (HP). Signal of each well were normalized by no-compound control and no-cell control. IC₅₀ was calculated using Graphic Pad PRISM software.

Table 4 shows the results of the protein-protein interaction in permeabilized cells by ELISA assay (Assay 5).

TABLE 4 IC₅₀ values of selected examples in protein-protein interaction in permeabilized cells by ELISA assay (Assay 5) PIxEL [M] Example (median) 71 >30 uM 72 73 74 2.14E−07 75 1.46E−07 76 77 78 3.70E−08 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Assay 6 Induction of Cytotoxicity Upon Treatment of Cells with Selected Compounds

In principle, compounds that induce apoptosis will concomitantly induce cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, cytotoxicity assays were run in parallel in SUDHL5 and SUDHL10 cells.

The different cell lines were plated in culture medium (RPMI 1640 [GIBCO #22400-089]supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum) at a density of 3,300 cells in 30 μL/well in a sterile, solid black, flat bottom, polystyrene, TC-treated 384-well microplate (Corning #3571) using Multidrop Combi Reagent Dispenser. As a control, medium without cells was also added to the plate. Cells were incubated in a humidified incubator at 37° C. overnight. On the next day, the cells were treated with compounds (stock solution, 10 mM in DMSO) using the HP D300 Digital Dispenser in a concentration range of 3.3×10e-5 M (33 μM) to 5×10e-9 M (5 nM) in a single-dot curve with at least 16 dilutions and a DMSO concentration of 0.33%. Rim wells were excluded. The cells were incubated for 5 hours in a humidified incubator at 37° C. After this incubation, 30 μL of CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability reagent (Promega, G7573) was added to each well using the Multidrop Combi Reagent Dispenser, followed by 15 minutes incubation on a shaker at room temperature. Finally, luminescence was read at 0.1 ms, with a gain of 3000 using the PHERAstar FS microplate reader (BMG Labtech).

For the evaluation of the results, each value was normalized to DMSO-only treated cells (every value was divided by the mean of the DMSO control). The Bella DRC Master Sheet was used to calculate IC₅₀S, with fixed CI=0 and C0=1.

Assay 7

Assessment of the Anti-Proliferative Effect of Compounds in Different Cell Lines

The impact of compounds on the proliferation of different cell lines was assessed using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability reagent from Promega (G7573). The cell lines used for the proliferation assays are examples of tumor indications and listed in the table below.

TABLE 5 cell lines, sources and indications Cell line Source Indication SUDHL5 DSMZ B-cell lymphoma (GC-DLBCL) SUDHL10 DSMZ B-cell lymphoma (GC-DLBCL) MV-4-11 ATCC Acute monocytic leukemia HMC-1-8 JCRB Triple-negative Breast Cancer T47D ATCC ER+-positive Breast Cancer SK-BR-3 ATCC Her2-positive Breast Cancer AMO-1 DSMZ Multiple Myeloma A2058 ATCC Melanoma NCI-H23 ATCC Lung Cancer KYSE-180 DSMZ Esophageal cancer SNU-389 ATCC Liver Cancer

The different cell lines were plated in culture medium (RPMI 1640 [Biochrom; #FG 1215]supplemented with 10% Fetal Calf Serum [Biochrom; #S 0415]) at a density of 3,300 cells (for suspension cells) or 800 cells (for adherent cells) in 30 μL/well in a sterile, solid black, flat bottom, polystyrene, TC-treated 384-well microplate (Corning #3571) using Multidrop Combi Reagent Dispenser. In parallel, cells were plated in a reference (day 0) plate for time zero determination. Cells were incubated in a humidified incubator at 37° C. overnight.

On the next day, cells were treated with compounds (stock solution, 10 mM in DMSO) using the HP D300 Digital Dispenser in a concentration range of 3.3×10e-5 M (33 μM) to 5×10e-9 M (5 nM) in a single-dot curve with at least 16 dilutions and a DMSO concentration of 0.33%. Rim wells were excluded. The cells were incubated for 72 hours in a humidified incubator at 37° C. The day 0 plate was measured by adding 30 μL/well of CTG solution (CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability reagent, Promega G7573) to time zero wells in the reference plate followed by a 10 minutes incubation and luminescence reading at 0.1 ms. using the PHERAstar FS microplate reader (BMG Labtech).

After 72 hours incubation, the treated plates were measured in the same way as the day 0 plate mentioned above. The Bella DRC Master Sheet was used to calculate IC₅₀S, with CI=day 0 values and C0=DMSO control values.

Table 6 shows the results of the SUDHL5 and SUDHL10 cytotoxicity and antiproliferation assays.

TABLE 6 IC₅₀ values of selected examples in cellular cytotoxicity induction assay and antiproliferation assay 7 Cytotox Cytotox Antiproli Antiproli SUDHL5 SUDHL10 SUDHL5 SUDHL10 [M] [M] [M] [M] Example (median) (median) (median) (median) 1 2.9E−6 6.1E−6 5.7E−6 5.7E−6 2 1.1E−6 3.0E−6 2.8E−6 2.4E−6 3 6.5E−7 1.5E−6 1.6E−6 1.7E−6 4 2.6E−5 >3.3E−5  1.3E−5 1.2E−5 5 2.9E−7 5.3E−7 3.3E−7 2.8E−7 6 1.9E−7 3.5E−7 2.3E−7 nd 7 7.1E−6 8.3E−6 4.2E−6 nd 8 3.5E−7 4.5E−7 4.7E−7 nd 9 2.9E−7 3.4E−7 3.7E−7 2.7E−7 10 5.2E−6 1.1E−5 4.9E−6 nd 11 1.8E−7 3.7E−7 3.0E−7 nd 12 8.3E−8 1.4E−7 1.7E−7 1.4E−7 13 6.9E−6 1.3E−5 6.4E−6 nd 14 3.9E−7 6.1E−7 5.1E−7 4.2E−7 15 1.4E−7 2.3E−7 1.9E−7 2.0E−7 16 2.2E−7 6.6E−7 2.1E−7 nd 17 3.3E−6 4.9E−6 1.5E−6 nd 18 1.2E−6 1.3E−6 1.4E−6 nd 19 4.8E−7 4.4E−7 5.7E−7 nd 20 1.7E−7 6.9E−7 2.2E−7 4.5E−7 21 3.7E−6 1.1E−5 3.3E−6 nd 22 1.6E−7 4.0E−7 2.8E−7 nd 23 1.4E−7 3.1E−7 1.5E−7 nd 24 4.7E−6 7.4E−6 3.4E−6 nd 25 5.3E−7 9.3E−7 5.6E−7 nd 26 4.6E−7 5.0E−7 5.8E−7 nd 27 1.0E−5 2.0E−5 7.8E−6 nd 28 3.3E−6 5.6E−6 3.0E−6 nd 29 1.5E−6 3.2E−6 1.5E−6 nd 30 2.1E−7 3.4E−7 1.7E−7 1.5E−7 31 5.3E−8 8.2E−8 5.3E−8 nd 32 9.3E−6 1.4E−5 6.0E−6 nd 33 1.0E−6 2.0E−6 1.2E−6 nd 34 5.3E−7 1.3E−6 6.2E−7 nd 35 6.3E−6 1.6E−5 6.1E−6 nd 36 3.0E−7 6.4E−7 3.4E−7 nd 37 2.0E−7 4.3E−7 2.8E−7 nd 38 4.3E−6 1.4E−5 1.8E−6 nd 39 2.3E−7 4.1E−7 2.0E−7 nd 40 1.1E−7 2.9E−7 1.5E−7 nd 41 4.0E−6 1.2E−5 2.7E−6 nd 42 6.0E−7 1.6E−6 2.2E−7 nd 43 7.0E−7 1.2E−6 9.5E−7 nd 44 8.1E−6 1.5E−5 7.2E−6 nd 45 4.0E−7 7.5E−7 5.3E−7 nd 46 1.8E−7 3.0E−7 2.0E−7 nd 47 1.0E−5 1.7E−5 8.0E−6 nd 48 5.9E−7 1.0E−6 5.7E−7 nd 49 6.6E−7 6.2E−7 4.8E−7 nd 50 8.4E−6 8.6E−6 6.7E−6 nd 51 8.4E−7 2.0E−6 1.6E−6 nd 52 3.2E−7 53 2.5E−6 54 6.7E−7 7.4E−7 4.3E−7 nd 55 8.4E−7 2.0E−6 6.2E−7 nd 56 5.9E−7 1.6E−6 1.1E−6 57 6.9E−6 1.0E−5 3.9E−6 58 3.4E−7 5.3E−7 2.5E−7 nd 59 3.1E−7 5.5E−7 3.4E−7 60 1.2E−5 2.6E−5 2.0E−5 61 5.4E−7 62 3.3E−7 63 1.5E−6 3.3E−6 2.6E−6 64 2.3E−6 7.3E−6 4.2E−6 65 4.1E−7 4.0E−7 66 9.1E−7 1.4E−6 67 68 69 2.1E−5 3.2E−5 1.4E−5 6.3E−6 70 >3.3E−5  >3.3E−5  >3.3E−5  1.5E−5 71 6.9E−7 2.7E−6 2.0E−6 72 8.8E−7 1.6E−6 1.2E−6 73 1.4E−5 2.6E−5 74 1.0E−6 1.3E−6 8.1E−7 75 3.8E−7 8.1E−7 5.2E−7 76 3.0E−6 7.0E−6 4.6E−6 77 4.5E−7 8.7E−7 9.7E−7 78 3.1E−7 7.0E−7 2.3E−6 79 2.2E−6 5.1E−6 3.8E−6 80 5.0E−7 5.3E−7 4.1E−7 81 2.9E−7 2.3E−7 3.2E−7 82 2.8E−5 3.0E−5 7.1E−6 83 6.6E−7 1.1E−6 3.8E−7 84 1.1E−6 1.5E−6 1.3E−6 85 1.7E−5 2.5E−5 1.3E−5

In one embodiment the invention covers compounds which show an IC₅₀ of 5×E-7 or <5×E-7 in the Antiproli SUDHL5 assay.

Table 7 shows the results of the MV-4-11, AMO-1, HMC-1-8, SK-BR-3 and T47D antiproliferation assays 7.

TABLE 7 IC₅₀ values of selected examples in antiproliferation assay Antiproli Antiproli Antiproli Antiproli Antiproli MV-4-11 AMO-1 HMC-1-8 SK-BR-3 T47D [M] [M] [M] [M] [M] Example median median median median median 1 2 1.61E−6 4.86E−6 1.53E−5 8.27E−6 3 7.66E−7 2.51E−6 8.28E−6 7.37E−6 4 5 7.01E−7 6.11E−7 6 7.94E−8 3.69E−7 1.21E−6 7 8.63E−6 1.11E−5 8 1.10E−6 1.18E−6 3.00E−6 9 8.23E−7 8.74E−7 1.08E−6 10 1.09E−5 11 4.42E−7 7.28E−7 4.19E−6 1.48E−6 12 4.41E−7 3.35E−7 1.58E−6 6.67E−7 1.10E−6 13 1.22E−5 14 1.23E−6 7.37E−7 15 4.61E−7 5.30E−7 1.36E−6 1.19E−5 16 5.24E−7 5.19E−7 1.25E−6 17 6.70E−6 8.91E−6 18 4.71E−6 19 1.65E−6 1.49E−6 3.26E−6 20 9.07E−7 8.74E−7 2.47E−6 2.52E−6 21 1.49E−5 22 6.92E−7 6.59E−7 8.94E−7 23 3.87E−7 6.13E−7 5.16E−6 24 6.72E−6 25 2.78E−6 1.31E−6 6.48E−6 1.29E−5 26 1.81E−6 9.96E−7 2.89E−6 3.30E−6 27 1.61E−5 28 8.08E−6 29 2.68E−6 30 2.93E−7 4.15E−7 1.56E−6 31 2.75E−7 1.74E−7 1.92E−6 32 1.40E−5 1.96E−5 33 1.70E−6 1.58E−6 34 1.26E−6 1.41E−6 2.03E−6 35 8.59E−6 1.33E−5 36 1.01E−6 2.86E−7 37 3.77E−7 3.63E−7 1.13E−6 38 1.34E−5 1.15E−5 39 4.42E−7 3.59E−7 40 9.55E−8 5.39E−7 6.95E−7 41 4.89E−6 1.49E−5 42 9.75E−7 1.38E−6 43 1.38E−6 1.13E−6 2.06E−6 1.17E−5 1.55E−5 45 6.28E−7 5.93E−7 46 4.90E−7 1.80E−7 8.19E−7 47 5.65E−6 1.94E−5 48 9.18E−7 1.49E−6 49 1.34E−6 3.06E−6 50 1.33E−5 1.24E−5 51 1.71E−6 2.15E−6 52 1.44E−6 5.25E−6 53 1.12E−5 1.68E−5 54 1.35E−6 2.21E−6 55 1.71E−6 5.75E−6 56 1.77E−6 8.27E−6 57 1.18E−5 8.68E−6 58 6.83E−7 1.72E−6 59 2.16E−7 1.12E−6 60 2.55E−5 >3.00E−05 61 1.87E−6 7.15E−6 62 1.29E−6 5.43E−6 63 2.56E−6 7.85E−6 64 1.08E−5 1.45E−5 65 1.42E−6 7.58E−6 66 1.52E−6 1.98E−5 67 68 69 70 71 5.0E−6  2.2E−5 72 1.7E−6  1.9E−5 73 1.8E−5  2.4E−5 74 1.1E−6  5.4E−6 75 1.1E−6  3.4E−6 76 8.6E−6  1.3E−5 77 5.3E−7  3.3E−6 78 7.7E−7  2.4E−6 79 7.4E−6  1.4E−5 80 2.7E−7  4.0E−6 81 1.2E−7  1.9E−6 62 1.2E−5  1.3E−5 83 7.3E−7  7.9E−6 84 2.3E−7  1.2E−5 85 6.1E−6 >3.00E−05

In one embodiment the invention covers compounds of general formula (I) which show an IC₅₀ of 1,2×E-6 or <1,2×E-6 in the Antiproli AMO-1 assay (Antiproli=Antiproliferation)

In a further embodiment the invention covers compounds of general formula (I) which show an IC₅₀ of 1-83.5×E-6 or <3.5×E-6 in the Antiproli HMC-1-8 assay.

In yet a further embodiment the invention covers compounds of general formula (I) which show an IC₅₀ of 1.2×E-6 or <1.2×E-6 in the Antiproli AMO-1 assay and/or an IC₅₀ of 1-83.5×E-6 or <3.5×E-6 in the Antiproli HMC-1-8 assay.

In another embodiment the invention covers compounds of general formula (I) which show an IC₅₀ of 5×E-7 or <5×E-7 in the Antiproli SUDHL5 assay and/or an IC₅₀ of 1,2×E-6 or <1,2×E-6 in the Antiproli AMO-1 assay and/or an IC₅₀ of 1-83.5×E-6 or <3.5×E-6 in the Antiproli HMC-1-8 assay.

In still another embodiment the invention covers compounds of general formula (I) which show an IC₅₀ of 5×E-7 or <5×E-7 in the Antiproli SUDHL5 assay and an IC₅₀ of 1,2×E-6 or <1,2×E-6 in the Antiproli AMO-1 assay and an IC₅₀ of 1-83.5×E-6 or <3.5×E-6 in the Antiproli HMC-1-8 assay.

Table 8 shows the results of the A2058, NCI-H23, KYSE-180 and SNU-389 antiproliferation assay 7.

TABLE 8 IC₅₀ values of selected examples in antiproliferation assay 7 Antiproli Antiproli Antiproli Antiproli A2058 NCI-H23 KYSE-180 SNU-389 [M] [M] [M] [M] Example median median median median 1 2 >3.00E−05 1.46E−5 3 >3.00E−05 6.12E−6 2.06E−5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4.83E−6 3.79E−6 13 14 15 5.86E−6 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2.19E−5 6.01E−6 26 1.49E−5 2.32E−6 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Assay 8 Protein-Compound Interaction Assay (SPR Assay)

The ability of the compounds described in this invention to bind to MCL-1 may be determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This allows for the quantification of binding in terms of the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD [M]), as well as association and dissociation rate constants (kon [1/M 1/s] and koff [1/s], respectively). The measurements may be performed using Biacore® T200 or Biacore® S200 instruments (GE Healthcare).

For SPR measurements, recombinant MCL-1 (amino acids 173-321, N-terminal fused to Maltose Binding Protein (MBP) (SEQ ID 1) purchased from Beryllium (Bedford, Mass., USA)) was immobilized using standard amine coupling (Johnsson B et al, Anal Biochem. Nov. 1, 1991; 198(2):268-77). Briefly, carboxymethylated dextran biosensor chips (Series S Sensor Chip CM5, GE Healthcare) were activated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) according to the supplier's instructions. MBP-MCL-1 was diluted in 1×PBS-P+ (GE Healthcare) and injected on the activated chip surface. Subsequently, a solution of 1 M ethanolamine-HCl (GE Healthcare) was injected to block unreacted groups, resulting in approximately 400-2500 response units (RU) of immobilized protein. A reference surface was generated by treatment with NHS-EDC and ethanolamine-HCl. Compounds were dissolved in 100% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to a concentration of 10 mM and subsequently diluted in running buffer (1×PBS-P+ (GE Healthcare) [generated from PBS-P+ Buffer 10× (GE Healthcare): 0.2 M phosphate buffer with 27 mM KCl, 1.37 M NaCl and 0.5% Surfactant P20 (Tween 20).], 1% v/v DMSO). For SPR binding-measurements, serial dilutions of compound (eight dilution steps, typically ranging from 0.2 nM up to 1 μM) were injected over immobilized protein. Binding affinity and kinetics were measured at 25° C. with a flow rate of 100 μl/min in running buffer. Compounds were injected for 60 s followed by a dissociation time of up to 1000 s.

The double-referenced sensorgrams were fit to a simple reversible Langmuir 1:1 reaction mechanism as implemented in the Biacore® T200 and S200 evaluation software (T200 evaluation software version 2.0 and S200 evaluation software version 1.0, GE Healthcare).

TABLE 9 K_(D), k_(on) and k_(off) values (geometric mean values) of MCL-1 compound interactions of selected examples as determined in SPR assay 8 kon [1/M 1/s] koff [1/s] KD [M] Example (geo mean) (geo mean) (geo mean) 1 2 1.0E6 1.1E−2 1.1E−8 3 4 5 6 3.1E7 6.7E−3  2.2E−10 7 8 9 8.7E6 9.6E−3 1.1E−9 10 11 12 1.0E7 6.2E−3  6.1E−10 13 14 15 1.2E7 5.1E−3  4.4E−10 16 1.5E6 3.7E−3 2.5E−9 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1.5E7 3.4E−3  2.3E−10 24 25 26 3.7E6 1.1E−2 3.1E−9 27 28 29 30 31 6.5E6 2.8E−3  4.3E−10 32 33 34 8.9E5 4.0E−3 4.5E−9 35 36 37 5.1E6 5.9E−3 1.2E−9 38 39 40 7.8E6 8.7E−3 1.1E−9 41 42 43 7.6E5 6.3E−3 8.3E−9 44 45 46 1.7E6 3.3E−3 1.9E−9 47 48 49 6.2E6 1.1E−2 1.7E−9 50 51 52 1.0E6 6.7E−3 6.5E−9 53 54 55 56 1.6E6 1.3E−2 7.8E−9 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 5.5E6 2.0E−2 3.6E−9 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 1.4E6 1.6E−2 1.1E−8 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Assay 9 Equilibrium Shake Flask Solubility Assay

Thermodynamic solubility is determined by an equilibrium shake flask method [Edward H. Kerns and Li Di (2008) Solubility Methods in: Drug-like Properties: Concepts, Structure Design and Methods, p 276-286. Burlington, Mass.: Academic Press], A saturated solution of the drug is prepared and the solution is mixed for 24 h to ensure that equilibrium has been reached. The solution is centrifuged to remove the insoluble fraction and the concentration of the compound in solution is determined using a standard calibration curve. To prepare the sample, 2 mg solid compound is weighed in a 4 mL glass vial. 1 mL phosphate buffer pH 6.5 respectively borate buffer pH 8 is added. The suspension is put on a stirrer and mixed for 24 hrs at room temperature. The solution is centrifuged afterwards. To prepare the sample for the standard calibration, 1-2 mg (accurate weight) solid sample is dissolved in acetonitrile/water 50:50 and diluted to 20 mL. Sample and standards are quantified by HPLC with UV-detection. For each sample two injection volumes (5 and 50 μL) in triplicates are made. Three injection volumes (5 μL, 10 μL and 20 μL) are made for the standard.

Chromatographic conditions are as follows:

HPLC column: Xterra MS C18 2.5 μm 4.6×30 mm

Injection volume: Sample: 3×5 μl and 3×50 μl

-   -   Standard: 5 μl, 10 μl, 20 μl         Flow: 1.5 mL/min         Mobile phase: acidic gradient:     -   A: Water/0.01% trifluoroacidic acid     -   B: Acetonitrile/0.01% trifluoroacidic acid     -   0 min→95% A 5% B     -   0-3 min→35% A 65% B, linear gradient     -   3-5 min→35% A 65% B, isocratic     -   5-6 min→95% A 5% B, isocratic         UV detector: wavelength near the absorption maximum (between 200         and 400 nm)

The areas of sample- and standard injections as well as the calculation of the solubility value (in mg/L) are determined by using HPLC software (Waters Empower 2 FR).

Assay 10

CYP Inhibition Assay

The inhibitory potency of the test compounds towards cytochrome P450 dependent metabolic pathways is determined in human liver microsomes applying individual CYP isoform-selective standard probes (phenacetin, coumarin, bupropion, amodiaquine, diclofenac, S-mephenytoin, dextromethorphan, chlorzoxazone, midazolam, testosterone). Reference inhibitors are included as positive controls. Incubation conditions (protein and substrate concentration, incubation time) are optimized with regard to linearity of metabolite formation. The assay is processed by using Genesis Workstation (Tecan, Crailsheim, FRG) in 96-well plates at 37° C. After protein precipitation the metabolite formation is quantified by LC-MS/MS analysis followed by inhibition evaluation and IC₅₀ calculation.

The potential of an investigational drug to inhibit CYP enzymes, given by determined IC₅₀ values of test compounds in vitro, is a basic requirement in order to assess potential drug-drug interactions (DDI) with comedicated drugs which are relevant substrates of studied CYP isoforms. Such investigations are recommended by pertinent guidelines (i.e. EMA and FDA) for the evaluation of DDIs.

Assay 11

CYP Induction Assay

To evaluate the CYP induction potential in vitro, cultured human hepatocytes from three separate livers are treated once daily for three consecutive days with vehicle control, one of eight concentrations of test compound and known human CYP inducers (e.g. omeprazole, phenobarbital, and rifampin). After treatment, the cells are incubated in situ with the appropriate marker substrates for the analysis of CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP1A2 activity by LC-MS/MS. Following the in situ incubation, the same hepatocytes from the same treatment groups are harvested for RNA isolation and analyzed by qRT-PCR to assess the effect of test compound on CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 mRNA expression levels.

Assay 12

Caco-2 Permeation Assay

Caco-2 cells (purchased from DSMZ Braunschweig, Germany) are seeded at a density of 4.5×10⁴ cell per well on 24 well insert plates, 0.4 μm pore size, and grown for 15 days in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% GlutaMAX (100×, GIBCO), 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin (GIBCO) and 1% non essential amino acids (100×). Cells are maintained at 37° C. in a humified 5% CO₂ atmosphere. Medium is changed every 2-3 day. Before running the permeation assay, the culture medium is replaced by an FCS-free hepes-carbonate transport puffer (pH 7.2). For assessment of monolayer integrity the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is measured. Test compounds are predissolved in DMSO and added either to the apical or basolateral compartment in final concentration of 2 μM. Before and after 2 h incubation at 37° C. samples are taken from both compartments. Analysis of compound content is done after precipitation with methanol by LC/MS/MS analysis. Permeability (Papp) is calculated in the apical to basolateral (A→B) and basolateral to apical (B→A) directions. The apparent permeability is calculated using following equation: P _(app)=(V _(r) /P _(o))(1/S)(P ₂ /t)

Where V_(r) is the volume of medium in the receiver chamber, P_(o) is the measured peak area of the test drug in the donor chamber at t=o, S the surface area of the monolayer, P₂ is the measured peak area of the test drug in the acceptor chamber after 2 h of incubation, and t is the incubation time. The efflux ratio basolateral (B) to apical (A) is calculated by dividing the P_(app) B-A by the P_(app) A-B. In addition the compound recovery is calculated. As assay control reference compounds are analyzed in parallel.

Assay 13

Investigation of In Vitro Metabolic Stability in Rat Hepatocytes (Including Calculation of Hepatic In Vivo Blood Clearance (CL))

Hepatocytes from Han Wistar rats are isolated via a 2-step perfusion method. After perfusion, the liver is carefully removed from the rat: the liver capsule is opened and the hepatocytes are gently shaken out into a Petri dish with ice-cold WME. The resulting cell suspension is filtered through sterile gaze in 50 mL falcon tubes and centrifuged at 50×g for 3 min at room temperature. The cell pellet is resuspended in 30 mL WME and centrifuged through a Percoll® gradient for 2 times at 100×g. The hepatocytes are washed again with Williams' medium E (WME) and resuspended in medium containing 5% FCS. Cell viability is determined by trypan blue exclusion.

For the metabolic stability assay liver cells are distributed in WME containing 5% FCS to glass vials at a density of 1.0×10⁶ vital cells/mL. The test compound is added to a final concentration of 1 μM. During incubation, the hepatocyte suspensions are continuously shaken and aliquots are taken at 2, 8, 16, 30, 45 and 90 min, to which equal volumes of cold methanol are immediately added. Samples are frozen at −20° C. over night, after subsequently centrifuged for 15 minutes at 3000 rpm and the supernatant is analyzed with an Agilent 1200 HPLC-system with LCMS/MS detection.

The half-life of a test compound is determined from the concentration-time plot. From the half-life the intrinsic clearances are calculated. Together with the additional parameters liver blood flow, amount of liver cells in vivo and in vitro. The hepatic in vivo blood clearance (CL) and the maximal oral bioavailability (F_(max)) is calculated using the following formulae: CL'intrinsic [mL/(min*kg)]=kel [1/min]/((cellno/volume of incubation [mL])*fu,inc)*(cellno/liver weight [g])*(specific liver weight [g liver/kg body weight]); CLblood well-stirred [L/(h*kg)]=(QH [L/(h*kg)]*fu,blood*CL'intrinsic [L/(h*kg)])/(QH [L/(h*kg)]+fu,blood*CL'intrinsic [L/(h*kg)]); Fmax=1-CLblood/QH. The following parameter values were used: Liver blood flow—4.2 L/h/kg rat; specific liver weight—32 g/kg rat body weight; liver cells in vivo— 1.1×10⁸ cells/g liver, liver cells in vitro—1.0×10⁶/mL; fu,inc and fu,blood is taken as 1.

Assay 14

Investigation of In Vitro Metabolic Stability in Rat Hepatocytes in Liver Microsomes (including Calculation of Hepatic In Vivo Blood Clearance (CL) and of Maximal Oral Bioavailability (Fmax))

The in vitro metabolic stability of test compounds is determined by incubating them at 1 μM in a suspension liver microsomes in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH7.4 (sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate+disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate) and at a protein concentration of 0.5 mg/mL at 37° C. The microsomes are activated by adding a co-factor mix containing 8 mM Glucose-6-Phosphate, 4 mM magnesium chloride; 0.5 mM NADP and 1 IU/mL G-6-P-Dehydrogenase in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The metabolic assay is started shortly afterwards by adding the test compound to the incubation at a final volume of 1 mL. Organic solvent in the incubations is limited to <0.01% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and <1% acetonitrile. During incubation, the microsomal suspensions are continuously shaken at 580 rpm and aliquots are taken at 2, 8, 16, 30, 45 and 60 min, to which equal volumes of cold methanol are immediately added. Samples are frozen at −20° C. over night, subsequently centrifuged for 15 minutes at 3000 rpm and the supernatant is analyzed with an Agilent 1200 HPLC-system with LCMS/MS detection.

The half-life of a test compound is determined from the concentration-time plot. From the half-life the intrinsic clearances are calculated. Together with the additional parameters liver blood flow, specific liver weight and microsomal protein content the hepatic in vivo blood clearance (CL) and the maximal oral bioavailability (F_(max)) are calculated for the different species. The hepatic in vivo blood clearance (CLblood) and the maximal oral bioavailability (F_(max)) is calculated using the following formulae: CL'intrinsic [mL/(min*kg)]=kel [1/min]/((mg protein/volume of incubation [mL])*fu,inc)*(mg protein/liver weight [g])*(specific liver weight [g liver/kg body weight]); CLblood well-stirred [L/(h*kg)]=(QH [L/(h*kg)]*fu,blood*CL'intrinsic [L/(h*kg)])/(QH [L/(h*kg)]+fu,blood*CL'intrinsic [L/(h*kg)]); Fmax=1-CLblood/QH and using the following parameter values: Liver blood flow—1.32 L/h/kg (human), 2.1 L/h/kg (dog), 4.2 L/h/kg (rat); specific liver weight—21 g/kg (human), 39 g/kg (dog), 32 g/kg (rat); microsomal protein content—40 mg/g.; fu,inc and fu,blood is taken as 1.

Assay 15

In Vivo Pharmacokinetics in Rats

For in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments test compounds are administered to male Wistar rats intravenously at doses of 0.3 to 1 mg/kg and intragastral at doses of 0.5 to 10 mg/kg formulated as solutions using solubilizers such as PEG400 in well-tolerated amounts.

For pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration test compounds are given as i.v. bolus and blood samples are taken at 2 min, 8 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 24 h after dosing. Depending on the expected half-life additional samples are taken at later time points (e.g., 48 h, 72 h). For pharmacokinetics after intragastral administration test compounds are given intragastral to fasted rats and blood samples are taken at 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 24 h after dosing. Depending on the expected half-life additional samples are taken at later time points (e.g., 48 h, 72 h). Blood is collected into Lithium-Heparintubes (Monovetten®, Sarstedt) and centrifuged for 15 min at 3000 rpm. An aliquot of 100 μL from the supernatant (plasma) is taken and precipitated by addition of 400 μL cold acetonitril and frozen at −20° C. over night. Samples are subsequently thawed and centrifuged at 3000 rpm, 4° C. for 20 minutes. Aliquots of the supernatants are taken for analytical testing using an Agilent 1200 HPLC-system with LCMS/MS detection. PK parameters are calculated by non-compartmental analysis using a PK calculation software.

PK parameters derived from concentration-time profiles after i.v.: CLplasma: Total plasma clearance of test compound (in L/kg/h); CLblood: Total blood clearance of test compound: CLplasma*Cp/Cb (in L/kg/h) with Cp/Cb being the ratio of concentrations in plasma and blood. PK parameters calculated from concentration time profiles after i.g.: Cmax: Maximal plasma concentration (in mg/L); Cmaxnorm: Cmax divided by the administered dose (in kg/L); Tmax: Time point at which Cmax was observed (in h). Parameters calculated from both, i.v. and i.g. concentration-time profiles: AUCnorm: Area under the concentration-time curve from t=0 h to infinity (extrapolated) divided by the administered dose (in kg*h/L); AUC(0-tlast)norm: Area under the concentration-time curve from t=0 h to the last time point for which plasma concentrations could be measured divided by the administered dose (in kg*h/L); t½: terminal half-life (in h); F: oral bioavailability: AUCnorm after intragastral administration divided by AUCnorm after intravenous administration (in %).

Assay 16

In Vivo Pharmacokinetics in Mouse

For in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments test compounds are administered to female CD1 mouse intravenously at doses of 0.3 to 1 mg/kg formulated as solutions using solubilizers such as PEG400 in well-tolerated amounts.

For pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration test compounds are given as i.v. bolus and blood samples are taken at 2 min, 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 7 h, and 24 h after dosing. Blood is collected via a vena jugularis catheter into Lithium-Heparin coated tubes (Eppendorf) and centrifuged for 15 min at 3000 rpm. An aliquot from the supernatant (plasma) is taken and precipitated by addition of 1:10 (v/v) ice cold methanol and frozen at −20° C. over night. Samples are subsequently thawed and centrifuged at 3000 rpm, 4° C. for 20 minutes. Aliquots of the supernatants are taken for analytical testing using an Agilent 1200 HPLC-system with LCMS/MS detection. PK parameters are calculated by non- compartmental analysis using a PK calculation software.

PK parameters derived from concentration-time profiles after i.v.: CLplasma: Total plasma clearance of test compound (in L/kg/h); CLblood: Total blood clearance of test compound: CLplasma*Cp/Cb (in L/kg/h) with Cp/Cb being the ratio of concentrations in plasma and blood. AUCnorm: Area under the concentration-time curve from t=0 h to infinity (extrapolated) divided by the administered dose (in kg*h/L); AUC(0-tlast)norm: Area under the concentration-time curve from t=0 h to the last time point for which plasma concentrations could be measured divided by the administered dose (in kg*h/L); t½: terminal half-life (in h); MRT iv (h): mean residence time.

Assay 17

In Vivo Pharmacokinetics in Dog

For in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments test compounds are administered to Beagle dogs intravenously at doses of 0.3 to 1 mg/kg formulated as solutions using solubilizers such as PEG400 in well-tolerated amounts.

For pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration test compounds are given in in dogs as short term infusion (10 min). Blood samples are taken e.g. at 5 min, 10 min (end of short term infusion), 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 24 h after dosing from the vena saphena. Blood is collected into K-EDTA (Monovetten®, Sarstedt) and centrifuged for 15 min at 3000 rpm. An aliquot of 100 μL from the supernatant (plasma) is taken and precipitated by addition of 400 μL cold acetonitrile and frozen at −20° C. over night. Samples are subsequently thawed and centrifuged at 3000 rpm, 4° C. for 20 minutes. Aliquots of the supernatants are taken for analytical testing using an Agilent HPLC-system with LCMS/MS detection. PK parameters are calculated by non-compartmental analysis using a PK calculation software (e.g. Phoenix WinNonlin®, Certara USA, Inc.).

PK parameters derived from concentration-time profiles after i.v.: CLplasma: Total plasma clearance of test compound (in L/kg/h); CLblood: Total blood clearance of test compound: CLplasma*Cp/Cb (in L/kg/h) with Cp/Cb being the ratio of concentrations in plasma and blood. AUCnorm: Area under the concentration-time curve from t=0 h to infinity (extrapolated) divided by the administered dose (in kg*h/L); AUC(0-tlast)norm: Area under the concentration-time curve from t=0 h to the last time point for which plasma concentrations could be measured divided by the administered dose (in kg*h/L); t½: terminal half-life (in h); MRT iv (h): mean residence time.

Assay 18

Assessment of the Anti-Proliferation Effect of Compounds in Tumor Xenografts

The suitability of the compounds of the present invention for the treatment of hyperproliferative disorders can be demonstrated in animal models of the following cancer types: breast cancer; esophageal cancer; liver cancer; lung cancer; lymphoma including non-Hodgkin-lymphoma type, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtype including GC-DLBCL* and ABC-DLBCL** subtypes, and mantle cell lymphoma; acute leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia type, acute monocytic leukemia; melanoma; multiple myeloma; melanoma; ovarian cancer; pancreas cancer For this purpose, human tumor cells of the respective cancer type are injected subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice. Once the primary tumor growth is established the animals will be then randomized to receive treatment with either compound at maximum tolerated dose or vehicle control for a certain period of time. The difference between those groups in terms of the tumor growth will be used to access the treatment efficacy. The principles of such xenograft studies are summarized in Richmond, A.; Su, Y. (2008). “Mouse xenograft models vs GEM models for human cancer therapeutics”. Disease Models and Mechanisms 1 (2-3): 78-82. doi:10.1242/dmm.000976. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A compound of general formula (I):

wherein A is

wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent, or A is

 wherein optionally one or two of the groups selected from CR¹¹, CR¹² and CR¹³ are replaced by a nitrogen atom, wherein R⁶ and R¹⁰, together with three carbon atoms of the phenyl ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; R¹ is a chlorine atom; R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-thioalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₃)-haloalkyl-S— group, and a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group; L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- wherein any CH₂ group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or two substituents are optionally taken together with their intervening atoms to form a saturated or partially unsaturated 3-6-membered cycloalkyl ring or a 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a —S(O)₂— group, and a —NR¹⁴— group; E is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a —S(O)₂— group or a —NR¹⁴— group and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴; m is 2, 3, or 4; R⁵ is selected from a COOH group, a

 group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(aryl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, and a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(aryl) group; —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)-(B)-(CH₂)_(r)-(B)-(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(#), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group; and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group; —R⁶—R¹⁰— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)-(B)-(CH₂)_(r)-(B)-(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(#) is the point of attachment with the carbon atom of the aromatic moiety bearing the R¹⁰ substituent, one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group; n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; t is 0 or 1; p is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; q is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; r is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; v is 1; s is 0, 1, 2, or 3; where the integers selected for variables n, t, p, q, r, and v result in forming a 9- to 16-membered ring independently from the selection of variable A1, A2 or A3; B is independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —O—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—O— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, and —S(O)₂—; R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, and a NR²⁰R²¹ group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group, a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group, a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group, a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a

 group, and a

 group, where the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and the heterocycloalkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with an oxo (═O) group or is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from —O— and —NR¹⁴—; R¹¹ and R¹³ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group; R¹² is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, and a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group; R¹⁴ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group; R¹⁵ is independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, an (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O— group, and an (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a phenyl group, a group

a group

 and a group

where $ is the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom, to which R¹⁵ is attached; R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group, a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-C(O)— group, a C₁-C₃-alkylS(O)₂— group, and a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—C(═O)— group; R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group; R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and a C₁-C₆-alkyl group; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.
 2. The compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1, wherein A is

wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; R¹ is a chlorine atom; R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three, substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-thioalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₃)-haloalkyl-S— group and a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group; L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- wherein any CH₂ group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or two substituents are optionally taken together with their intervening atoms to form a saturated or partially unsaturated 3-6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or a 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a —S(O)₂— group and a —NR¹⁴— group; m is 2, 3 or 4; E is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a —S(O)₂— group or a —NR¹⁴— group and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴; R⁵ is selected from a COOH group, a

 group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(aryl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₁-C₆-alkyl) group, a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl) group and a —C(O)—NHS(O)₂(CH₂)_(s)NHCO(aryl) group; —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)-(B)-(CH₂)_(r)-(B)-(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(#), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(#) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and an aryl group; n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; p is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; t is 0 or 1; s is 0, 1, 2, or 3; where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in forming a 9- to 16-membered ring independently from the selection of variable A1 or A2; B is independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —O—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—O— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, and —S(O)₂—; R⁸ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₆-alkyl group in which one or two not directly adjacent carbon atoms are independently replaced by a heteroatom selected from —O— and —NH— and R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group, a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group, a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group, a (C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₆-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a

 group, and a

 group, where the phenyl ring is optionally substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and the heterocycloalkyl group is optionally substituted with an oxo (=O) group or is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from —O—, and —NR¹⁴—; R¹⁴ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group; R¹⁵ is independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group and an aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, a phenyl group, a group

a group

 and a group

where $ is the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom, to which R¹⁵ is attached, R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group, a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-C(O)— group, a C₁-C₃-alkylS(O)₂— group and a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—C(═O)— group; R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group; R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and a C₁-C₆-alkyl group; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.
 3. The compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1, wherein A is

wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 10- to 12-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; R¹ is a chlorine atom; R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three, substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group; L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-; E is a bond or an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴; m is 2, 3, or 4; R⁵ is a COOH group; —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(#) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group; n is 3, 4, 5, or 6; t is 0 or 1; p is 1; where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in forming a 10- to 12-membered ring independently from the selection of variable A1 or A2; B is independently selected from a —N(R¹⁵)— group and —O— group; R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group and a NR²⁰R²¹ group and R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group, a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl)- group, a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, where the phenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and the heterocycloalkylene group is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent independently selected from an oxo (═O) group and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 6-membered ring optionally comprising one or two oxygen atoms; R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a group

 a group

 and a group

R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group; R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)— group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group; R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.
 4. The compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1, wherein A is

wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 10- or 11-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; R¹ is a chlorine atom; R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; R⁴ is an aryl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom; L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E-; E is an oxygen atom and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴; m is 3; R⁵ is a COOH group; —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##) and ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(#) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group; n is 3 or 4; t is 0; p is 1; where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in forming a 10- to 11-membered ring independently from the selection of variable A1 or A2; B is independently selected from —O— and —N(R¹⁵)—; R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a heterocycloalkyl group; R⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O— group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl group, a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group; R¹⁵ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group and a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group; R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group and a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group; and R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group; or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a mixture of same.
 5. The compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1, wherein A is

wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form an 11-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; R¹ is a chlorine atom; R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; R⁴ is a naphthyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom; L is a group —(CH₂)₃—O—; R⁵ is a COOH group; —R⁶—R⁷— is ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(##) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a heterocycloalkyl group; n is 4; t is 0; p is 1; where the integers selected for variables n, t, and p result in forming an 11-membered ring independently from the selection of variable A1 or A2; R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom and a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and a heterocycloalkyl group; R⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O— group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl group, a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group; R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group and a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group; and R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and a C₁-C₃-alkyl group; or a tautomer, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a mixture of same.
 6. The compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1, which is selected from, (rac)-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid, (+)-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid (enantiomer 1), (−)-4-chloro-2,3,15-trimethyl-7-{3-[(naphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid (enantiomer 2), (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid, (+)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), (−)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3,15-trimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid, (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid-N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), (−)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,15-dimethyl-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), (rac)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid, (+)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 1), (−)-4-chloro-3-ethyl-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2-methyl-15-[2-(oxan-4-yl)ethyl]-10,11,12,13,14,15-hexahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4′,3′:4,5][1,6]diazacycloundecino[3,2,1-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid N-ethylethanamine salt (enantiomer 2), (rac)-4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid, 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid (enantiomer 1) and 4-chloro-7-{3-[(6-fluoronaphthalen-1-yl)oxy]propyl}-2,3-dimethyl-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-2H,10H-pyrazolo[3′,4′:2,3][1,6]oxazacycloundecino[4,5,6-hi]indole-8-carboxylic acid (enantiomer 2); or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same.
 7. A method of preparing a compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1, said method comprising the step of reacting an intermediate compound of general formula (II):

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁶, A and L are as defined for the compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1, and R^(5E) represents a carboxylic ester group or a benzyl ester group, with an alkali hydroxide in a mixture of water and THF and/or an aliphatic alcohol of formula C₁-C₃-alkyl-OH, at a temperature from 0° C. to 100° C., to transform the group R^(5E) into a group R⁵ as defined for the compounds of general formula (I), and subsequently optionally converting the free acid group R⁵ into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to obtain a compound of general formula (I)

wherein R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R^(D), A and L are as defined for the compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1 or a stereoisomer, a tautomer, an N-oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, or a salt thereof, or a mixture of same and optionally separating enantiomers by means of preparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase.
 8. A method of inhibiting proliferation of a cell and/or inducing apoptosis in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a compound of general formula (I) according to claim
 1. 9. A method of treating a disease, comprising administering a compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1, wherein the disease is a hyperproliferative disease.
 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the hyperproliferative disease is cancer.
 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the cancer is selected from breast cancer, esophageal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, and multiple myeloma.
 12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of general formula (I) according to claim 1 and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
 13. A pharmaceutical combination comprising: one or more compounds of general formula (I) according to claim 1, and one or more further anti-cancer agents.
 14. An intermediate compound of general formula (II):

wherein A is

wherein R⁶ and R⁷, together with two carbon atoms of the pyrazole ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent, or A is

 wherein optionally one or two of the groups selected from CR¹¹, CR¹² and CR¹³ are replaced by a nitrogen atom, wherein R⁶ and R¹⁰, together with three carbon atoms of the phenyl ring, two carbon atoms of the indole moiety and the nitrogen atom to which R⁶ is attached, form a 9- to 16-membered ring and * is the point of attachment of these moieties to the indole carbon atom bearing the A substituent; R¹ is a chlorine atom; R² and R³ are each a hydrogen atom; R⁴ is selected from an aryl group and a heteroaryl group, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three, four or five substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-thioalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a (C₁-C₃)-haloalkyl-S— group, and a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group; L is a group —(CH₂)_(m)-E- wherein any CH₂ group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents and each substituent is independently selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or two substituents are optionally taken together with their intervening atoms to form a saturated or partially unsaturated 3-6-membered cycloalkyl ring or a 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a —S(O)₂— group, and a —NR¹⁴— group; E is a bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a —S(O)— group, a —S(O)₂— group or a —NR¹⁴— group and constitutes the connecting element to R⁴; m is 2, 3, or 4; R^(5E) represents a carboxylic ester group; —R⁶—R⁷— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(#), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)-(B)-(CH₂)_(r)-(B)-(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(#), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(#) is the point of attachment with the pyrazole carbon atom bearing the R⁷ substituent; and wherein one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, and where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group; and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group —R⁶—R¹⁰— is selected from ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(C₂-C₆-alkenylene)-(B)_(t)-(CH₂)_(p)—X—^(##), ^(#)—(CH₂)_(n)-(B)_(t)-(C₂-C₅-alkenylene)-X—^(##), and ^(#)—(CH₂)_(q)-(B)-(CH₂)_(r)-(B)-(CH₂)_(v)—X—^(##), wherein ^(#) is the point of attachment with the indole nitrogen atom and ^(#) is the point of attachment with the carbon atom of the aromatic moiety bearing the R¹⁰ substituent, one or more —CH₂— groups may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a (heterocycloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, where a —CH═CH— group in any alkenylene can be replaced by a 1,2-(C₃-C₅)cycloalkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted one or two times with a halogen atom or a C₁-C₂-alkyl group, and where X is —O— or a —NR²²— group where R²² is hydrogen or a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-heterocycloalkylene-arylene-O— group, an aryl-heteroarylene-O— group, an aryl-heteroarylene-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a heterocycloalkyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a heterocycloalkyl-NH—C(O) group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—C(O)— group, a heterocycloalkylene-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-S(O)₂— group, and a heterocycloalkylene-heteroarylene-S(O)₂— group; n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9; t is 0 or 1; p is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; q is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; r is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; v is 1; where the integers selected for variables n, t, p, q, r, and v result in forming a 9- to 16-membered ring independently from the selection of variable A1, A2 or A3; B is independently selected from a —C(O)NR¹⁵— group, a —NR¹⁵C(O)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —O—C(═O)—N(R¹⁵)— group, a —N(R¹⁵)—C(═O)—O— group, —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, and —S(O)₂—; R⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, and a NR²⁰R²¹ group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group and R⁹ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-NH—C(O)—O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a C₂-C₆-haloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O— group, a C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy group, a C₁-C₆-alkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl group, a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a phenyl-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a phenyl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a R¹⁸-(phenylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (heterocycloalkenyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—NH-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂—N(C₁-C₆-alkyl)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(phenylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁸)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a NR²⁰R²¹—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-haloalkyl)-NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NH—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-NR¹⁵—C(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NH—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-C(O)—NR¹⁵—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a

 group, and a

 group, where the phenyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group and the heterocycloalkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with an oxo (═O) group or is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, or R⁸ and R⁹ together form a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from —O— and —NR¹⁴—; R¹¹ and R¹³ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, and a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group; R¹² is selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, and a NR¹⁶R¹⁷ group; R¹⁴ is a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₃-alkyl group; R¹⁵ is independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a C₁-C₃-haloalkoxy group, a heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group, a (R¹⁸)-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, a (heterocycloalkyl)-(arylene)-O— group, an aryl-O— group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-O— group, a (R¹⁹)—S(O)₂-arylene-O— group, a (R¹⁹)S(O)₂-(heterocycloalkylene)-(arylene)-O— group, an (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O— group, and an (aryl)-(heteroarylene)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a phenyl group, a group

a group

 and a group

where $ is the point of attachment to the nitrogen atom, to which R¹⁵ is attached; R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-haloalkyl group, a C₃-C₅-cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl-C(O)— group, a C₁-C₃-alkylS(O)₂— group, and a C₁-C₃-alkyl-O—C(═O)— group; R¹⁸ is selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₁-C₆-hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁-C₃-alkoxy group, a R²¹OC(O)—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)- group, a —C(O)OR²¹ group, a —C(O)NR²⁰R²¹ group, a (C₁-C₃-alkyl)-O—(C₁-C₃-alkylene)-C(O)— group, a (C₁-C₆-alkyl)-C(O)— group, and a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C(O)— group; R¹⁹ is selected from a C₁-C₃-alkyl group, a C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl group, and a NR²⁰R²¹ group; and R²⁰ and R²¹ are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom and a C₁-C₆-alkyl group; or a tautomer, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof, or a salt of a tautomer, or a salt of an N-oxide, or a mixture of same. 